CO2激光手术治疗声门上型喉癌

目的 总结CO2激光手术治疗声门上型喉癌的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析1995年2月至2005年6月CO2激光手术治疗的32例声门上型喉癌患者临床资料.32例患者中T1N0M0 20例,T1N1M0 2例,T2N0M0 8例,T2N1M0 2例,全部病例术后随诊3年以上.喉部肿瘤均经口行激光手术,同期行择区性(Ⅱ-Ⅳ区)颈清扫术12例,改良全颈清扫术4例.结果 KaplanMeier法统计5年生存率为90.6%,其中T1病变5年生存率为95.6%,T2病变为78.2%.喉的局部控制率为96.8%;喉局部和颈部区域5年控制率为90.3%,其中T1病变5年局部区域控制率为90.9%,T2病变为89.0%.喉部局部复发2例,1例再治疗行喉水平垂直部分切除术,1例行喉全切除术.颈部区域复发2例,其中1例喉部复发伴颈淋巴转移,再治疗后存活;1例颈部复发,治疗后再次颈部复发并伴肺转移死亡.4例患者出现较轻并发症,保守治疗后好转.除1例患者因局部复发行喉全切除外,其余存活患者喉功能良好.结论 激光治疗早期声门上型喉癌创伤小、疗效可靠,是一种理想的治疗方式.     

声门型喉癌术后复发与转移的初步分析

目的 :探讨声门型喉癌术后局部复发与颈淋巴结转移的特点及预防措施。方法 :回顾性分析 76例T1～T3 期声门型喉癌的临床资料 ,对其中 5 6例T2 ～T3 期声门型喉癌通过逐步回归的方法比较肿瘤的侵犯部位与术后淋巴结转移方向、局部复发、肿瘤分期和颈淋巴结清扫的关系。通过 χ2 检验分析 76例T1～T3 期声门型喉癌肿瘤是否侵犯前连合与局部复发的关系。结果 :随访 3年 ,1年和 3年生存率分别为 97.4%和 92 .1%。术后有 11例发生局部复发和 (或 )颈淋巴结转移。肿瘤侵犯前连合 35例 ,6例 (17.1%)局部复发 ,余 41例未累及前连合者 ,无一例局部复发。肿瘤向声门下扩展超过 5mm者 12例 ,有 3例发生气管旁淋巴结转移 ,1例颈下深淋巴结转移 ;肿瘤向声门上侵及喉室顶或假声带者 8例 ,术后 1例发生颈上深淋巴结转移 ,1例颈中深淋巴结转移 ;余36例术后只有 1例发生颈中深淋巴结转移。经逐步回归分析 ,发现肿瘤的侵犯部位与术后颈淋巴结有无转移及淋巴结的转移部位和肿瘤的分期有关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :声门型喉癌若肿瘤向声门下侵犯 ,易发生气管旁和颈下深淋巴结转移 ;肿瘤若侵及前连合可增加局部复发的可能 (P >0 .0 5 )。     

喉部分切除会厌及肌筋膜重建术(附30例报告)

目的探讨喉部分切除会厌及肌筋膜重建术的手术方法及适应证,观察喉功能恢复情况及并发症,提高患者生存率.方法为30例喉癌患者行喉部分切除后会厌下拉肌筋膜成形术.结果患者均随访2年以上,喉功能均恢复良好,1例T2N0M0术后12个月颈淋巴结转移,行颈廓清术后再次复发,后死于肺转移.1例T4N0M0术后1年局部复发,行全喉切除术,未再复发.1例术后发生肺炎,2例气管切开处感染,均治愈.结论喉部分切除会厌肌筋膜重建术是一种简单有效的整复方法.     

226例声门型喉癌预后及影响因素分析

目的分析影响外科治疗声门型喉癌患者的预后及其影响因素。方法2008年6月—2013年4月首诊并行手术治疗的声门型喉癌患者226例的临床资料,分析患者的性别、年龄、T分期、N分期、手术方式、术后放疗、病理分级可能与喉癌预后相关的指标;单因素分析采用Log rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险回归模型,5年生存率采用Kaplan-Meier 法计算。结果①单因素分析显示年龄、T分期、N分期、病理分级、术后放疗、术后局部复发、术后颈部淋巴结复发与声门型喉癌预后相关(P＜0.05);②多因素分析显示年龄、T分期、N分期、术后咽喉部/造瘘口复发、术后颈淋巴结复发是影响声门型喉癌患者预后的独立危险因素(P＜0.05);③声门型喉癌患者5年总体生存率75.2%。结论合理的颈部淋巴结清扫和术后放疗可以提高局部晚期声门型喉癌的疗效;III、IV期患者术后局部/颈淋巴结复发风险高,需要密切随访,积极的挽救性手术仍是患者复发后主要的治疗方法。     

T3声门型喉癌手术疗效分析

目的评价喉部分切除术与全喉切除术治疗T3声门型喉癌的疗效.方法回顾性分析我院1990年1月～1999年12月对43例T3声门型喉癌行喉部分切除术与全喉切除术的临床资料,比较两种术式的疗效.结果喉部分切除术17例,5年生存率76.47%;全喉切除术26例,5年生存率69.23%,两组间疗效差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).结论部分T3声门型喉癌患者行喉部分切除术是可行的.     

335例喉癌患者手术治疗预后多因素分析

目的通过对335例喉癌术后生存率分析,了解影响预后的相关因素。方法收集335例初诊喉癌患者的临床和随访资料,采用χ^2检验或Fisher确切概率法单因素分析和Cox比例风险回归模型对其预后进行多因素分析。结果335例喉癌患者,5年疾病特异性生存率为73.2%,5年整体生存率为65.1%。单因素分析显示年龄、解剖分型AJCC2002年分期、手术方式、分化程度、术后并发症、术后放疗、局部复发和术后颈部转移组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;多因素分析显示局部复发、术后颈部转移、年龄、术后放疗和声带活动是影响患者生存的独立危险因素。结论局部复发、术后颈部转移、年龄、术后放疗和声带活动是影响患者生存率的主要因素,早期诊断、坚持术后随访是提高患者生存率的关键。     

环状软骨上喉部分切除术的探讨

目的　通过对 18例喉癌患者的手术治疗 ,就环状软骨上喉部分切除术的有关问题进行探讨。方法　声门癌T1N0 M0 1例 ,T2 N0 M0 9例 ,T3N0 M0 2例 ,跨声门癌T3N1M0 3例 ,T3N2 M0 1例 ,T2 N0 M0 放射治疗后复发 1例 ,声门下癌T4N0 M0 1例 ;应用三种不同的环状软骨上喉部分切除术技术进行治疗。结果　 3年生存率 94 .4 %。所有患者均于术后第 7～ 4 2天 (平均 17天 )拔除气管套管 ,拔管率 10 0 % ;所有患者均在术后第 14～ 3 0天 (平均 2 2天 )拔除鼻饲管。术后所有患者均完全恢复了喉的发声、呼吸、吞咽及维持声门下压的生理功能。术后的发音情况也令人满意。结论　环状软骨上喉部分切除术打破了以往根据喉癌肿瘤临床分期决定喉部分切除与否的传统观点 ,为喉癌的手术治疗提出了一条新的术式。它在保证完整、安全有效地切除喉肿瘤病灶的同时 ,更加考虑到患者术后的功能及生存质量的改善 ,同时又能达到喉全切除术同样的局部控制率 ,值得推广应用     

牛心包补片在喉部分切除术组织缺损修复中的应用

喉部分切除术后组织缺损的一期修复,恢复喉的生理功能是近年来喉癌治疗的常用方法.2006年7月～2009年5月,兰州军区总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科采用心包补片对T2、T3声门及声门上型喉癌行喉垂直部分切除术后喉组织缺损进行修复与喉功能重建,疗效良好,报告如下.1 资料与方法1.1临床资料本组患者共26例,均为完成术后随访2年的喉癌患者,其中男25例,女1例;42～72岁,平均61岁;病程0.2～1.8年.按UICC临床分类标准,声门型21例,其中T2N0M019例,T3N0M01例,T3N1M01例;声门上型4例,其中T2N0M03例,T2N1M01例.病理诊断均为鳞状细胞癌,其中高分化鳞癌18例(声门型14例、声门上型4例),中分化鳞癌6例(声门型4例、声门上型2例),低分化鳞癌2例(声门型1例、声门上型1例).     

双蒂肌瓣法在跨声门癌手术中的使用

目的 探讨双蒂肌瓣法在跨声门癌手术中使用的效果。方法 对32例跨声门癌患者（T2N0M0 10例,T3N0M0 16例,T3N1M0 2例,T4N1M0 4例）行喉部分切除后用双蒂肌瓣修复,术后接受^60Co放疗。结果 32例均在放疗结束后2个月顺利拔管。术后1年内无复发;1－3年内复发10例,复发率37％,其中癌直径＞4cm者,4例均复发。死亡6例,死于术后2年4例（颈部转移2例,局部复发1例,肺转移1例）,3年2例（颈部转移1例,脑转移1例）。结论 双蒂肌瓣法的应用使原来拟行全喉切除的跨声门癌患者可以行喉部分切除,扩大了喉部分切除术的适应症,提高了喉癌患者的生存质量,且并发症少,假喉室的形成增加了术后拔管率。     

喉垂直部分切除术36例疗效观察

目的探讨喉垂直部分切除术治疗喉癌的临床疗效。方法对2002年1月-2010年6月收治的36例声门型喉癌及跨声门型喉癌行喉垂直部分切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中声门型30例,跨声门型6例。26例行喉垂直部分切除术,10例行喉扩大垂直部分切除术。8例同时行功能性颈廓清术,20例行择区颈廓清术,8例探查患侧Ⅱ、Ⅲ区淋巴结未予颈廓清术。8例（T2N1M0,T3N1M0）声门型喉癌术后6周联合放疗。结果随访满3年患者31例,死亡2例,失访5例;随访满5年患者28例,死亡3例,失访6例。3年生存率80.55%,5年生存率69.44%。结论喉垂直部分切除术是临床上治疗声门型喉癌的有效术式,但需要严格把握适应证。     

原发于声带后联合的声门型喉癌的手术治疗

目的：探讨治疗原发于声带后联合的恶性肿瘤的手术方式及其预后。方法：总结8例原发于声带后联合恶性肿瘤的患者资料，其中TisN0M0 3例在支撑喉镜下手术切除； T1M0N0 3例、T2N0M0 2例常规行患侧Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ区淋巴结清扫，部分喉切除，创面用双蒂胸骨舌骨肌肌瓣修复。结果：术后2例患者病理证实患侧颈部淋巴结转移，8例患者术后均顺利拔管，有较好的发音和吞咽功能，随访5年，3例复发，其中1例死亡。结论：原发于声带后联合的声门型喉癌，相对于一般声门型喉癌，复发率和颈部淋巴结转移率明显偏高，对于非原位癌的患者最好能同期行同侧的颈部清扫，手术切缘亦应该尽量≥5.0?mm。双蒂胸骨舌骨肌肌瓣是可以信赖的修复材料。     

Partial Frontolateral Laryngectomy With Epiglottic Reconstruction for Management of Early‐Stage Glottic Carcinoma

Objectives The aim of this study was to demonstrate that partial frontolateral laryngectomy with epiglottic reconstruction (PFLER) is an effective therapeutic option for treatment of T1 and T2 glottic carcinoma. Study Design Retrospective study. Methods Between 1982 and 1997, we treated 127 cases of early glottic carcinoma with PFLER. Early glottic carcinoma was staged using the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer TNM classification as either T1N0M0 (62 cases) or T2N0M0 (65 cases). Selection criteria, depending on the limits of exeresis, must remain glottic carcinoma with less than 0.5 cm of anterior subglottic involvement, with no involvement of the supraglottic space or laryngeal side of the epiglottis, with involvement of only one arytenoid, and with good mobility of both arytenoids even if vocal cord mobility is decreased. Results Postoperative recovery was uneventful in all cases, and all patients but one were able to breath and eat normally. The failure involved a patient with a permanent gastrostomy. As with other partial laryngectomy techniques, the main drawback of PFLER was deterioration of voice quality. All patients presented hoarseness and weakness of the voice. Five‐year survival rates calculated according to the Kaplan‐Meier method were 91% (standard error, 5%) in the T1N0M0 group and 86% (standard error, 5%) in the T2N0M0 group. No recurrence was observed in the T1N0M0 group. Local control was successful in 92% in the T2N0M0 group after a median follow‐up of 5 years. Conclusion These findings show that PFLER is an effective therapeutic option in selected cases of early T1N0M0 or T2N0M0 glottic carcinoma.     

声门癌的组织病理学研究—附62例连续切片观察

目的:探讨声门癌的发病特点,生长方式及向外扩展特点,声带固定的意义,术式选择与肿瘤复发率生和生存率的关系。方法:62例中,T_1 37例,T_2 9例,T_3 16例。仅1例为T_3N_1M_0,均为喉鳞癌。手术方法:喉全切除术16例,喉垂直部分切除术25例,声带切除术21例,N_1者行同侧颈廓清术。单纯声带切除标本采用石蜡包埋技术,其余采用火棉胶包埋技术,进行连续切片观察。结果:声门癌的生长方式与病理分期有一定关系。临床TNM分期与病理分期不符率为27.4％,估计过低是对喉骨架侵犯估计不足,过高是对肿瘤周围炎性浸润误为肿瘤范围。Reinke's层、弹力圆锥、声门旁间隙、喉室、甲状软骨都有一定的“屏障”作用,前联合受侵应考虑喉骨架可能受侵。术后局部复发率为12.8％,复发时间为3个月～8年,复发病例中以T_2为多。颈淋巴结转移率为4.8％,术后3年生存率98.4％,5年生存率95.2％。结论:声门癌颈部淋巴结转移率低,术后复发率低,生存率高。同侧上下扩展多见,晚期才向对侧扩展。前联合腱是肿瘤向对侧声带、甲状软骨和环状软骨侵犯的通道。声门癌侵及前联合者应考虑喉骨架可能受侵。声带固定不是喉部分切除禁忌证,而是扩大手术范围的指征。     

Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy for “early” glottic carcinoma classified as T1-T2N0 invading the anterior commissure

Purpose: “Early” glottic squamous cell carcinoma classified as T1-T2N0 with anterior commissure invasion is conventionnaly managed with vertical partial laryngectomy (VPL) or radiation therapy (FIT). At our institution, in the early 1980s, vertical partial laryngectomy was progressively replaced by supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy (SCPL-CHEP). The medical files and operative charts of 62 patients with “early” glottic carcinoma classified as T1-T2N0 invading the anterior commissure, consecutively managed with cricohyoidoepiglottopexy, were retrospectively reviewed to ascertain whether any conclusions could be drawn regarding this treatment modality.Materials and Methods: Survival, local control, nodal recurrence, distant metastasis, and metachronous second primary tumor estimate was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier life table method.Results: The 3- and 5-year actuarial survival estimate was 93.3% and 86.5%, respectively. The 3- and 5-year actuarial local control estimate was 98.2%. The only patient with local recurrence was successfully salvaged with FIT resulting in an overall 100% local control rate and laryngeal preservation rate. The 3- and 5-year actuarial nodal recurrence estimate was 1.8%. The 3- and 5-year actuarial distant metastasis estimate was 0% and 2%, respectively. Aspiration related completion total laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy never occurred.Conclusion: The present retrospective study suggests that cricohyoidoepiglottopexy for glottic carcinoma classified as T1-T2 invading the anterior commissure resulted in higher local control rates and overall laryngeal preservation rate when compared with historical series using either VPL or RT. Further series are warranted to confirm our results.     

Frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy without tracheotomy for invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal cord: a 25-year experience

On the basis of an inception cohort of 270 patients with a previously untreated invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the true vocal cord (232 T N0M0, 35 T2N0M0, and 3 T3N0M0) and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up, the authors analyze the oncological and functional outcomes following frontolateral vertical partial laryngectomy without tracheotomy. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial survival estimate ranged from 83.1% for T1 tumors to 67.2% for T2 tumors (p = .005). On univariate analysis, a significant statistical relationship was noted between reduced survival and the following variables: increased age, increased Charlson comorbidity index score over grade 0, increased tobacco intake, increased alcohol intake, increased T stage, local failure, nodal failure, and development of a metachronous second primary cancer. The hospital mortality rate was 0.4%. A significant postoperative surgical complication was noted in 49 patients (18.1%). The predominant significant surgical complication was wound infection (19 patients; 7%), followed by seroma and major subcutaneous emphysema. No significant statistical relationship was noted in a comparison of each, significant postoperative complication (including postoperative death) with the variables under analysis. The incidence of secondary tracheotomy was 0.4%. The incidence of completion laryngectomy due to functional problems was 0%. The 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial local control estimate was 91% for T1 tumors and 68.7% for T2 tumors (p <.0001). Within the T1 tumors, the 5-year Kaplan-Meier actuarial local control estimate ranged from 96.2% for tumors without anterior commissure involvement to 74.7% for tumors with anterior commissure involvement (p = .0002). On univariate analysis, a significant statistical relationship was noted between an increase in local recurrence and the following variables: increased T stage, anterior commissure involvement, and pathological margin involvement. The overall disease control rate and laryngeal preservation rate were 92.9% and 93.3%, respectively.     

The anterior commissure in glottic carcinoma.

The laryngeal anterior commissure is a specific anatomic area of the glottis which is often involved by cancer. Of 586 patients with glottic cancer, five (1 percent) had pure anterior commissure lesions and 175 (25 percent) had vocal cord tumors secondarily involving the anterior commissure. One of three of these anterior commissure tumors also had subglottic extension. Despite the presence of blood vessels and lymphatics in the anterior commissure, metastasis to regional lymph nodes in rare (8 percent). Patients with Stage 1 and 2 lesions were treated by hemilaryngectomy with satisfactory results (45/61 -- 74 percent). Only three patients had local recurrence after hemilaryngectomy. Patients with bilateral cord-anterior commissure lesions had the poorest survival and highest recurrence rate, even after total laryngectomy. Subglottic extension of these anterior commissure tumors did not correlate with survival. Survival and recurrence rates were conversely proportional to the stage of the tumor at presentation. Although the anterior commissure is a theoretical site for cancer breakthrough and lymphatic spread, its apparent significance lies in the fact that its involvement by glottic primaries represents only increasing tumor size and thus an advanced stage of disease.     

喉软骨开窗式喉部分切除术治疗T2-3声门型喉癌

目的 探讨喉软骨开窗式喉部分切除术治疗12-3声门型喉癌的手术效果及其价值.方法 2000年10月至2006年12月采用喉软骨开窗式喉部分切除并同时行喉结构及其功能重建术治疗经适当选择的48例T2-3声门型喉癌,其中男29例,女19例;年龄43～78岁,中位年龄57.0岁.在术前及术后6个月作声嘶程度的听觉心理评价,观察双侧声带的活动度、对称性、平静呼吸时声门宽度和发声时声门闭合程度,评价呼吸和吞咽功能情况;随访肿瘤的复发、转移情况以及患者的生存时间.结果 全部患者顺利拔管,切口均甲级愈合,无手术并发症.患者术后6个月时与术前相比,除声带的活动度外(P=0.343),声嘶程度的听觉心理评价(P值均＜0.01)、声带的对称性(P=0.000)、平静呼吸时声门宽度(P=0.001)、发声时声门闭合程度(P=0.001)、呼吸功能(P=0.001)的差异均有显著性统计学意义,术后吞咽功能不受影响(P=0.310).术后喉狭窄1例,复发1例,复发率2.1%;颈淋巴转移1例,肝转移l例;死亡2例.Kaplan-Meier法计算3年和5年生存率分别为96.9%、88.9%.结论 喉软骨开窗式喉部分切除术治疗经适当选择的T2-3声门型喉癌,可有效减小创伤并利于患者的呼吸及发声功能的恢复.     

Management of the N0 Neck During Salvage Laryngectomy

Background: Radiotherapy is effective treatment for laryngeal carcinoma. Early-stage laryngeal carcinoma has a low incidence of cervical metastasis. Patients initially clinically N0 usually remain N0 when they fail at the primary site. The incidence of subclinical metastasis in these patients is not well described. Watchful waiting or elective neck dissections are advocated. Objective: Examine the incidence of subclinical metastatic disease in patients undergoing elective neck dissections with salvage laryngectomy. Study Design: Prospective study (1991–1996) of patients who failed radiotherapy and underwent salvage laryngectomy with elective neck dissection. Methods: Thirty-four patients underwent salvage laryngectomy with neck dissection (30 bilateral, 4 unilateral). All were clinically N0 at initial presentation and remained N0 at recurrence. Pathologic study of the neck dissection specimens was undertaken. Patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 4 y). Results: The male-to-female ratio was 4.5:1, with a mean age of 62 years (range, 38 to 75 y). Metastatic disease was present in 6 patients (17%); 4 of 14 (28%) supraglottis and 2 of 20 (10%) glottic. Presence of disease in the neck according to stage at recurrence was as follows: T2, 2 of 12; T3, 3 of 14; and T4, 2 of 8. Neck disease was ipsilateral in 4 and contralateral in 2 patients (both supraglottic primaries). Conclusions: Subclinical cervical metastasis may be present in N0 laryngeal carcinoma patients who have recurrence following radiotherapy. Morbidity of a lateral neck dissection is minimal, with excellent control of the neck being possible. Supraglottic and advanced glottic (T3-T4) patients may benefit the most.     

喉额侧窗式切除术治疗侵及前联合的T1b期声门型喉癌疗效分析

目的 探讨喉额侧窗式切除术结合甲状软骨外膜瓣修复术治疗侵及前联合的T1b期声门型喉癌的疗效.方法 对确诊为前联合受侵的T1b期声门型喉癌患者22例,均行喉额侧窗式切除术结合甲状软骨外膜瓣修复术治疗;随访5年,观察患者术后呼吸功能、吞咽功能、发音功能、复发率及生存率.结果 所有患者手术均顺利完成,术后二周拔除气管套管,拔管率100％;无一例发生误咽;术后患者发声功能(G分级)较术前改善者为86.4％(19/22),与术前相同者为13.6％(3/22);肿瘤复发2例,1例为原位复发,1例为颈部淋巴结转移复发,复发率为9.1％(2/22);5年生存率为95.5％(21/22).结论 喉额侧窗式切除术结合甲状软骨外膜瓣修复术式适用于前联合受侵的T1b期声门型喉癌,该术式能相对完整地保留喉的骨架及生理功能,不易引起喉狭窄,且修复组织稳定,能有效改善发声质量.     

205例喉癌的手术方式与远期疗效分析

目的分析1990年以来喉癌手术治疗的方法及其远期疗效，以改进治疗并提高生存率。方法对1990年1月-2004年10月间手术治疗的205例病例进行临床随访、病历资料分析。其中声门上型52例，声门型149例，声门下型4例；按UICC 1997年分期标准Ⅰ期48例，Ⅱ期88例，Ⅲ期44例，Ⅳ期25例。行支撑喉镜下声带切除术1例，撕皮术2例，喉裂开声带切除术9例，未行气管切开的喉垂直部分切除术16例，喉垂直部分切除术25例，水平半喉切除术7例，Arslan（咽气管吻合）手术15例，环舌骨会套固定术（criicohyoidoepidottopexy，CHEP）57例，喉次全切除术16例，喉全切除术57例。结果205例仅4例失访，Kaplan—Meier法统计总的1年生存率96．0％，3年生存率84．8％，5年生存率为79．4％，其中声门上型1年生存率88．3％，3年为67．5％，5年为65．0％；声门型1年生存率99．3％，3年为91．3％，5年为84．7％，喉功能保存率72．7％。早期肿瘤（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）与晚期肿瘤（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），肿瘤不同发病部位（声门型、声门上型）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论喉癌手术治疗效果好，喉功能保存率高，其预后与肿瘤分期、发病部位有关。提倡严格掌握手术指征，在保证手术安全边缘的情况下，制定个体化治疗方案，运用最优的手术切除和功能重建方法，综合治疗，提高生存质量。