单纯疱疹病毒性脑炎的MRI诊断

目的：回顾分析单纯疱疹病毒性（ＨＳＶ）脑炎的ＭＲ成像表现，为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据。材料和方法：１０例（男４例，女６例；平均年龄３９．５岁）经脑脊液ＰＣＲ证实的ＨＳＶ脑炎患者，采用高磁场（１．０Ｔ）磁共振扫描仪，以自旋回波序列行横断／冠状面Ｔ１加权、质子加权、Ｔ２加权成像和注造影剂后Ｔ１加权成像。结果：１０例中，８例ＭＲ像存在异常信号（广泛、多发、双侧者６例，局灶改变２例）。Ｔ１加权像呈均质低信号５例，该５例在Ｔ２加权像呈均质高信号，提示病理上病灶区坏死，伴周围水肿；３例Ｔ１加权像呈片状低信号内伴脑回状高信号，Ｔ２加权像呈不均质信号，病理上代表出血；增强后Ｔ１加权像呈脑回状强化３例，１例呈结节状改变。结论：以颞叶、岛叶、额底分布为主（尤其为扣带回受累）的多发病灶、伴脑回状出血和强化是ＨＳＶ脑炎的特征性ＭＲ成像表现。不典型表现须与脑瘤、脑梗塞和其它类型病毒性脑炎鉴别诊断。     

^99Tc^mECDSPECT显像定量测定rCBF的简便方法及其应用

建立一种简便，实用、可靠、易于普及的定量测定ｒＣＢＦ方法。方法（１）测定颅脑衰减系数（δ）；（２）平面像与断层像之间计数率转换比例因子（ρ）；（３）测定ＳＰＣＥＴ仪漏计；（４）测定肺滞留率（Ｒ１）（５）改良Ｎｉｃｋｅｌ等的数学模型，编写计算机处理程序；     

肿瘤生长抑素受体亚型的分布与表达

报道于１９９２～１９９４年相继克隆成功的５种人类生长抑素受体亚型（ｈＳＳＴＲ１～ｈＳＳＴＲ１）的分子生物学特性，总结了应用放射性配体结合分析法对ｈＳＳＴＲ１～ｈＳＳＴＲ５与２种天然生长抑素（ＳＳＴ－１４及ＳＳＴ－２８）及４种人工合成的生长抑素类似物（ＳＳＡ）的选择性结合特性的研究结果。重点讨论了ｈＳＳＴＲ各亚型在神经分泌性肿瘤中的分布与表达，简述其了解肿瘤发生发展所具有理论意义及其对肿瘤进行受体交     

胸部肿块性病变的MR血管成像（MRA）

目的：评价胸部ＭＲＡ的临床意义，材料与方法，本文搜集１９例胸部有块病变，其中肺癌１４例，纵膈病变５例，１９例共行２０次ＭＲＩ及ＭＲＡ检查，常规ＭＲ成像序列为冠状Ｔ１ＷＩ，轴位Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ在此基础上行ＭＲ血管成像（ＭＲＡ）。ＭＲ扫描机为ＧＥＳｉｇｎａ１．５Ｔ超导型，工作站，ＳＵＮＭｉｃｒｏｓｙｓｔｅｍＡｄｖａｎｔａｇｅＷｉｎｄｏｗｓ１，２，６。冠状ＭＲＡ在工作站上行最大强度投影（ＭＩＰ）重建。     

Gd-DTPA 增强 MRI 胸部组织序列信号变化的临床研究

目的：通过对肺癌和正常胸部组织的Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ增强前后的信号强度、信噪比和相对信噪比的分析，探讨增强ＭＲ在胸部的应用价值。方法：用ＤＩＡＳＯＮＩＣ０．３５Ｔｅｓｌａ超导型ＭＲ成像仪。先常规平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ，然后按０．１ｍｍｏｌ／ｋｇ体重，静脉内一次性注入Ｇｄ－ＤＴＰＡ（维影钆胺注射液）。立即行兴趣部位Ｔ１ＷＩ扫描。计算机测量病变及对照组织（皮下脂肪、肌肉、肺野及噪声）的信号强度，计算其信噪比（ＳＮＲ）和相对信噪比（ＣＮＲ）。结果：２９例支气管肺癌平均信号强度明显高于对照组织（Ｐ＜０．０１），增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ的ＳＮＲ明显高于平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ和Ｔ２ＷＩ；ＣＮＲ（以肌肉为对照）则高于平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ，与Ｔ２ＷＩ相似；与脂肪为参照物则与平扫Ｔ１ＷＩ、Ｔ２ＷＩ相似；以肺野为参照物则与Ｔ１ＷＩ相似，明显高于Ｔ２ＷＩ。结论：支气管肺癌增强后较对照组织有明显的强化；增强后Ｔ１ＷＩ可显著提高ＭＲ的信噪比，改善图像质量。ＭＲ造影剂在胸部有一定的应用价值     

中高度原地区急性呼吸窘迫综合征32例临床分析

目的；探寻同海拔地区ＡＲＤＳ的发生、发展规律；方法：Ｃ地西宁地区３２例ＡＲＤＳ患者进行血液动力学监测及血气分析，测定心排指数（ＣＩ）、循环阻力（ＳＶＲＩ）、氧输送（ＤＯ２）、氧消耗（ＶＯ２）、氧摄取率（ＥＲ）以及临床一般资料进行分析。结果：（１）ＡＲＤＳ血液动力学呈坑排低阻型，随着病情发展，存活组ＣＩ、ＳＶＲＩ降至正常，死亡组则呈持高循环状态；（２）氧代谢早期存活组表现米氧耗型氧缺陷，死亡组表现     

PCR-SSCP在恶性血液病N-ras癌基因点突变检测中的应用

目的：检测血液系统肿瘤中Ｎ－ｒａｓ癌基因点突变的活性。方法：采用ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ技术分析了２８例恶性血液病Ｎｒａｓ基因的突变活性，包括：ＡＮＬＬ６例，ＡＬＬ１２例，ＨＤ２例，ＮＨＬ３例，ＭＤＳ５例。结果：２８例中ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ检测与正常对照，发生阳性者４例（１４．６％），其中ＡＬＬ１例（８．３％）、ＡＮＬＬ１例（１６．６％）、ＭＤＳ２例（４０％）。４例中有２例临床缓解后持续阳性，１例为ＡＬＬ患者，于骨髓移植后１０４ｄ复发死亡。１例ＭＤＳ患者转化为急性白血病，另２例临床缓解后３个月检测转阴，其中１例为ＡＮＬＬ，１例为ＭＤＳ。结论：ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ方法可作为一种癌基因点突变检测手段常规应用于临床，但值得注意的是，ＰＣＲＳＳＣＰ方法只能提供分析区域是否存在突变点，而不能提供突变性质的信息     

颅脑损伤患者血清可溶性白细胞介素—2受体和肿瘤坏死因子—α？…

目的 研究颅脑损伤患者可溶性白细胞介素－２受体和肿瘤坏死因子－α在创伤感染发生机制中的作用。方法 本组５３例分为ＧＣＳ〉８分组（２５例）和ＧＣＳ≤８分组（２８例）及创伤组（３３例）和创伤感染组（２０例）。于入院后第１，３，７和１４天抽取血样，运用双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法测定ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ和ＴＮＦ－α含量。结果 （１）ＧＣＳ≤８分组伤后第１天ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ及ＴＮＦ－α水平皆高于ＧＣＳ〉８分组和正常对照组；     

低强度激光血管内照射对恶性肿瘤患者化疗期白细胞介素2受体水平的影响

为观察低强度激光血管内照射（ＩＬＬＬＩ）循环血对恶性肿瘤患者化疗期间免疫水平的影响，总结恶性肿瘤患者化疗期间辅以Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光ＩＬＬＬＩ的２４例和对照同期未行ＩＬＬＬＩ的２４例，以血清白细胞介素２受体（ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ）为观察指标，比较两组患者ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的变化及其差异。实验结果显示，化疗辅以ＩＬＬＬＩ的实验组治疗后，９例（占３７．５％）ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ水平下降，化疗前后的均值分别为５０３．３３３ｕ／ｍｌ和５５８．０４２ｕ／ｍｌ。对照组化疗后２４例（占１００．０％）ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ水平上升，化疗前后的均值分别为４９３．６２５ｕ／ｍｌ和７４４．０００ｕ／ｍｌ。经统计学处理，实验组化疗前后比较，ｔ＝１．２３１，Ｐ＞０．０５；对照组化疗前后比较，ｔ＝１２．１７７，Ｐ＜０．００１。两组间比较，化疗前ｔ＝０．１６１，Ｐ＞０．０５；化疗后ｔ＝２．８３０，Ｐ＜０．０１。提示，ＩＬＬＬＩ可缓冲恶性肿瘤患者化疗期间ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ水平的急剧上升。     

P16(CDKN2/MTS1)和Rb基因在胃癌中的表达及其意义

Ｐ１６（ＣＤＫＮ２／ＭＴＳ１）和Ｒｂ基因在胃癌中的表达及其意义７１００３２西安第四军医大学西京医院刘晓峰胡家露王剑波关键词胃肿瘤；基因；成视网膜细胞瘤（Ｒｂ）；蛋白中国图书资料分类号Ｒ７３５．２Ｐ１６基因（ＣＤＫＮ２／ＭＴＳ１）是１９９３年发现并克隆...     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.