异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质微粒注射填充研究

目的：探讨一种新型的注射填充材料，方法：将异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质微粒（简称ADM微粒）注入兔耳背皮下并形成皮丘，定时对植入物进行测量，光镜及电镜观察，临床应用于4例面部凹陷畸形整复。结果：ADM微粒注射后从外围向中央细胞化及血管化，12周左右体积基本稳定，48周时吸收率为26．93％左右，临床应用结果满意。结论：ADM微粒安全性好，吸收率低、使用方便，微创。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮复合移植的临床应用

目的：观察基底良好的深度创面用异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质与自体皮复合移植的临床疗效。方法：2000年1月-2002年2月用异种（猪）真皮基质与自体薄片复合移植（二步法）修复基底良好的深度创面52例。结果：37例（71.1%）植皮完全成活，15例（28.9%）植皮95%以上成活，无一例补植皮。随访3-6个月复合移植皮肤颜色、质地基本接近于正常皮肤，瘢痕增生不明显。结论：异种（猪）真皮基质可推广应用于修复基底良好的深度创面的复合移植。     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质移植后炎症免疫反应的实验研究

目的：研究异种（猪）脱细腻真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植后炎症反应的变化规律及对Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响。方法：将异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质与薄自体皮复合移植于大鼠，分别于移植后1，2，3，4，8，12，16周取标本，采用组织学观察及RT-PCR技术动态检测异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植后炎症反应及Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化，同时以单纯薄自体皮移植作对照。结果：异种（猪）脱细胞真皮与薄自体皮复合移植后早期存在炎症反应，并随着创面愈合的进行而逐渐消失，Th2细胞因子的表达明显高于对照组。结论：异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质仍具有一定的免疫原性，Th2细胞因子的高表达说明机体对异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质的免疫反应主要以体液免疫为主，也可能是异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质移植后未被排斥的原因之一。     

异种脱细胞真皮基质作为软组织填充物的生物相容性研究

目的 探讨异种脱细胞真皮基质(Xeno-ADM)作为软组织填充物植入大鼠体内的生物相容性,为临床软组织缺损凹陷修复提供参考依据.方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为3组:异种组、异体组和自体对照组.分别将Xeno-ADM、异体脱细胞真皮基质和自体真皮植入各组大鼠背部皮下.术后2～32周,根据病理组织学和形态学变化,评估Xeno-ADM的生物相容性.结果 移植早期(<16周),异种组移植物炎性反应程度较异体组强烈,外周包膜厚度较异体组更厚,血管化程度低于异体组.16～32周,异种组与异体组炎性反应无明显区别,外周包膜形成不明显.结论 Xeno-ADM具有良好的生物相容性,适合作为一种生物软组织填充材料.     

异种(猪)脱细胞真皮与自体表皮复合移植研究

目的 为深度烧伤、瘢痕切除控制瘢痕增生与组织凹陷等寻求良好、廉价的覆盖与充填材料。方法 健康的白色小猪,活杀后剥其皮肤,用固定剂对异种（猪）皮肤细胞外基质固定交联,盐水法去除表皮,保留基底膜,用酶化学剂去除异种（猎）皮肤细胞,使其失去抗原性,保留完整的基底膜和细胞外基质的形态,制成网状异种（猪）脱细胞真皮支架。结果 对２３例病人进行异种（猪）脱细胞真皮支架移植７ｄ左右,再植自体刃厚大张皮的二步法复     

自体网状皮片与异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质复合移植的临床应用

目的：探讨1：3自体网状皮片与异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植的可行性。方法：选择9例烧伤及瘢痕患者，在Ⅲ度烧伤创面行切痂术或瘢痕切除术后的创面上移植异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质，摊平固定后，在支架上再植1：3网状自体刃厚皮片，表面再覆盖辐照猪皮。结果：9例复合移植皮肤全部成活，临床效果满意。结论：1：3自体网状刃厚片可以与异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质复合移植，同时将自体皮扩增3倍，成活后的复合网状皮片有相当于中厚皮片或者全厚皮片移植的效果。     

脱细胞异体(种)真皮基质与自体微粒皮混合移植16例

临床资料 :本组患者 16例 ,其中男 12例 ,女 4例 ,年龄(2 8.70± 9.82 )岁 ,烧伤总面积 (5 7.2 3± 16 .31) % ,其中Ⅲ度(31.2 8± 8.2 3) %TBSA,观察部位 2 7处。大腿、小腿以冷冻异体皮覆盖 8例 13处。上臂、前臂以甘油异体皮覆盖 2例 2处。前臂以戊二醛猪皮覆盖 5例 10处 ,新鲜猪皮覆盖 1例 2处。材料与方法 :(1)脱细胞异体 (种 )真皮基质选用启东市生物制品研究所提供的脱细胞异种 (猪 )真皮和北京杰亚生物公司提供的脱细胞异体真皮 ,其中异种 (猪 )真皮基质有18块 ,异体真皮基质 9块 ,最大面积为 10cm× 12cm,最小面积为 5cm× 7cm。…     

脱细胞猪小肠黏膜下层与猪脱细胞真皮基质作为真皮支架的对比研究

目的：应用脱细胞猪小肠黏膜下层与猪脱细胞真皮基质作为真皮替代物与SD大鼠自体刃厚皮片进行复合移植,修复SD大鼠全层皮肤缺损,比较两者优劣性,为临床提供更理想的真皮替代物。方法：以36只SD大鼠为动物模型,随机区组法随机分为两组,每组18只,在其背部造成2.5 cm×2.5 cm的全层皮肤缺损,实验组应用脱细胞猪小肠黏膜下层+自体刃厚皮移植修复,对照组应用猪脱细胞真皮基质+自体刃厚皮移植修复,移植后2周对移植皮片成活率分析研究,移植后4周、8周、12周取材进行一般观察、组织学观察和收缩率的计算。结果：术后2周,实验组植皮存活率大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。于术后4周、8周、12周动态观察,实验组植皮区收缩率较对照组低,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。HE染色组织学观察,术后4周,两组植入材料与移植皮片融合度均很好,植入材料内及其周围均有大量的成纤维细胞和新生毛细血管长入,并有炎症细胞浸润;术后8周,两组植入材料内及其周围均有成纤维细胞和新生毛细血管长入,炎症细胞较术后4周时少,两组植入材料的原有胶原纤维结构尚清晰,出现疏松;术后12周,两组植入材料...     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体薄皮片移植的研究与应用

目的为深度烧伤创面的修复寻求良好的覆盖材料。方法采用固定剂对异体皮肤细胞外基质固定交联，再用胰蛋白酶和ＥＤＴＡ鳌合剂去表皮，保留基底膜，用ＤＮＡ酶、ＲＮＡ酶和化学制剂对真皮内可引发宿主细胞识别反应的细胞成分进行处理，保留完整的基底膜和细胞外基质的形态，制成网状“脱细胞异体真皮”。结果通过动物实验（纯种Ｗｉｓｔｅｒ大鼠）证明移植成活率高，无排斥反应，组织学观察术后８周形状结构完整，炎性反应消失，１２周钉突与脱细胞真皮结合良好，胶原排列整齐。３７例烧伤病人Ⅲ度创面和瘢痕切除后，进行脱细胞真皮＋自体薄皮片（８‰英寸）移植，成活率平均为９６．２％±３．４％。创面收缩轻，外观平整，色较深，触软，功能良好。结论脱细胞同种真皮＋薄自体皮移植是修复烧伤深度创面比较理想的材料。     

应用异种脱细胞真皮的眼睑原位重建术的实验研究

目的探讨应用异种(猪)脱细胞真皮施行兔眼睑原位重建术后的组织相容性,比较异种(猪)脱细胞与异体巩膜替代睑板后的组织转归。方法采用兔眼睑缺损动物模型,随机分别给予异种(猪)脱细胞真皮、兔异体巩膜施行眼睑原位重建术。活体观察动物术后和移植物情况,于术后1、2、4、6、8和12周,取带植片的眼睑,光镜下观察替代材料和自体睑板交界处的组织病理学改变,包括炎症反应、纤维血管化情况和融合情况;取4、8和12周标本做透射电镜观察上述组织的超微结构改变。结果光镜和电镜下二者反应类似,差异无统计学意义。组织学检查显示异种脱细胞真皮引起的免疫和炎症反应轻微。结论异种(猪)脱细胞真皮在植入兔眼睑后有较好的组织相容性,并可引导新生胶原的生长,起到替代睑板的作用。     

异种脱细胞真皮与异体巩膜作为HA义眼台包裹材料的实验研究

目的 观察异种脱细胞真皮（acellular xenogenic dermal matrix,X-ADM）和异体巩膜作为羟基磷灰石（hydroxy apatite,HA）义眼台包裹材料,用于实验兔眼的临床表现及病理组织学变化观察.方法 24只纯种新西兰兔,行一只眼的眼球摘除术后,随机平均分为实验组和对照组.于肌锥内分别置入由异种脱细胞真皮及异体巩膜包裹的HA义眼台.术后观察眼部表现,于1、2、4、6、8和12周,连同异种脱细胞真皮或异体巩膜取出义眼台,光镜下观察包裹材料与义眼台的组织病理学改变,包括炎症反应及血管化情况.取4、8和12周标本做透射电镜观察上述组织的超微结构改变.结果 与异体巩膜组相比,异种脱细胞真皮组在同期的成纤维细胞及新生血管的生长更活跃,而且长入较早,新生胶原形成丰富,几乎没有炎症细胞的浸润以及发生排斥反应.结论 异种脱细胞真皮血管化快,免疫原性低,是一种良好的巩膜替代物.     

Use of porcine acellular dermal matrix as a dermal substitute in rats

OBJECTIVE: To examine porcine acellular dermal matrix (ADM) as a xenogenic dermal substitute in a rat model. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Acellular dermal matrix has been used in the treatment of full-thickness skin injuries as an allogenic dermal substitute providing a stable wound base in human and animal studies. METHODS: Xenogenic and allogenic ADMs were produced by treating porcine or rat skin with Dispase and Triton X-100. Full-thickness skin defects (225 mm2) were created on the dorsum of rats (n = 29), porcine or rat ADMs were implanted in them, and these were overlain with ultrathin split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). In two adjacent wounds, 0.005- or 0.017-inch-thick autografts were implanted. In other experiments, the antimicrobial agent used during ADM processing (azide or a mixture of antibiotics) and the orientation of the implanted ADM (papillary or reticular side of ADM facing the STSG) were studied. Grafts were evaluated grossly and histologically for 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: Significant wound contraction was seen at 14, 20, and 30 days after surgery in wounds receiving xenogenic ADM, allogenic ADM, and thin STSGs. Contraction of wounds containing xenogenic ADM was significantly greater than that of wounds containing allogenic ADM at 30 days after surgery. Graft take was poor in wounds containing xenogenic ADM and moderately good in those containing allogenic ADM. Wound healing was not significantly affected by the antimicrobial agent used during ADM preparation or by the ADM orientation. CONCLUSION: Dispase-Triton-treated allogenic ADM was useful as a dermal substitute in full-thickness skin defects, but healing with xenogenic ADM was poor.     

Promotion of acellular dermal matrix resolution in vitro by matrix metalloproteinase-2

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether acellular human dermis is degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a large class of matrix-degrading enzymes. METHODS: The degradation of acellular human dermis specimens was evaluated in vitro. Wild-type murine fibroblasts with a broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor, GM6001, and MMP-2-deficient fibroblasts were placed on the basement membrane and dermal surfaces of acellular human dermis. Matrix degradation and fibroblast infiltration into the matrix were assessed after a 20-day incubation period. RESULTS: The basement membrane thickness of the specimens cultured with wild-type fibroblasts was significantly less than that of specimens cultured with GM6001 (P<.001), and the infiltration of fibroblasts into the dermal surface was limited by the addition of GM6001 (P=.002). To determine whether MMP-2 was involved in this in vitro phenotype, MMP-2-deficient fibroblasts were assessed in comparison with wild-type fibroblasts. Wild-type fibroblasts degraded the basement membrane surface (P<.001) and infiltrated the dermal surface (P = .003) more efficiently than did MMP-2-deficient fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The results from our in vitro experiments suggest that MMPs and specifically MMP-2 may play an important role in the resorption of acellular human dermis. Addition of MMP inhibitors to implanted dermal matrices may slow fibroblast infiltration and improve their longevity in vivo.     

Use of an acellular dermal allograft for dural replacement: an experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, a nonimmunogenic, acellular, dermal collagen matrix termed XenoDerm (LifeCell Corp., The Woodlands, TX) was examined for use as a dural replacement material in a porcine model. This model was used to investigate whether AlloDerm (LifeCell), an almost identical material made from human dermis, could be safely used in neurological surgery. METHODS: Bilateral temporoparietal dural defects were surgically created in 12 Yucatan minipigs. One side was repaired with autologous pericranium, and the other was repaired with XenoDerm. The pigs were killed after 1, 3, or 6 months, and the areas of dural repair were collected and examined macroscopically and histologically. XenoDerm is derived from porcine skin collected in thin sheets. It is processed so that the epidermis and all dermal cells are removed without disruption of the collagen matrix, rendering the material immunogenically inert and resistant to calcification. It is packaged as a freeze-dried sheet and is easily rehydrated at the time of surgery. RESULTS: There were no postoperative complications, and all pigs survived. Both grafts performed well as dural replacements in all cases. There was no macroscopic evidence of inflammation or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The XenoDerm grafts were intact, retained their original dimensions, and resembled the surrounding dura. The autologous pericranial grafts, in contrast, were thicker than when implanted and had bony excrescences firmly adhering to their surfaces. Again, however, there was no evidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae. There was no gross adherence to the underlying meninges or brain tissue in any specimen. Repopulation by fibroblasts and neovascularization were evident in the XenoDerm grafts as early as 1 month after surgery; by 3 months, the XenoDerm had been remodeled to assume the connective tissue appearance of the surrounding dura. CONCLUSION: In this porcine model, an allograft of acellular dermis is a nearly ideal dural replacement. AlloDerm, the human equivalent of XenoDerm, would be an allograft of acellular dermis after implantation in human subjects. On the basis of this study and previous work with AlloDerm in other reconstructive applications, it is proposed that this material could be similarly used for duraplasty in human subjects.     

应用脱细胞异体真皮移植增粗阴茎的临床研究

目的：研究应用脱细胞异体真皮移植增粗阴茎的效果、手术并发症及移植物应植入的最佳解剖层次。方法：应用脱细胞异体真皮植入增粗阴茎25例,A组13例,移植物植入Buck’s筋膜深面,白膜浅面;B组12例,移植物植入Dartos筋膜深面,Buck’s筋膜浅面。结果：术后阴茎中段周径增大1．1～3．2cm,A、B两组均无阴茎畸形、勃起功能障碍、脱细胞真皮外露等并发症发生,A组4例早期出现龟头麻木,3个月后恢复正常,B组无类似病例。结论：应用脱细胞异体真皮移植增粗阴茎效果明显,手术创伤小,无供区损伤,但植入Buck’s筋膜深面可引起术后早期龟头麻木。     

应用软组织充填材料隆鼻术

目的探寻一种不仅外形美观逼真,手感也可以达到柔软自然效果的隆鼻材料和方法。方法应用膨体聚四氟乙烯和脱细胞真皮基质等软组织补片作为软组织充填材料进行隆鼻手术。结果本组158例患者,术后随访鼻外形均良好,手感自然,无免疫排斥反应、假体外露、假体活动等情况发生。结论膨体聚四氟乙烯（ePTFE）和脱细胞真皮基质（ADM）等软组织补片在隆鼻整形中操作方便,外形美观自然,手感可以以假乱真。手术不仅可以有效地增加鼻背的高度,而且也可以有效地延长鼻子的长度,抬高鼻尖。