示波极谱直接测定人发中的铅

在０．１０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）盐酸－０．４０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）六次甲基四胺－５．０×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）邻菲啉－５．０×１０￣（－３）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）硫氰酸钾底液中用示波极谱法测定铅的方法，峰电位为－０．７０Ｖ（ＶＳ，ＳＣＥ）左右，线性范因为０．０４－１．６μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１），检出限为０．００８μｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１）。该方法简便、快速、选择性好，直接应用于人发中铅的测定；变异系数为２．４－５．９％；样品加标回收率为９７．４－１０５％。     

用HPLC法同时测定洗必泰及有关杂质对氯苯胺的研究

采用反相高效液相色谱法同时测定了洗必泰及有关杂质对氯苯胺浓度。用Ｚｏｒｂａｘ－Ｃ＿８柱，０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＨ＿２ＰＯ＿４（ｐＨ３．０）－甲醇（４９．５：５０．５）为流动相，非那西丁为内标，２４０ｎｍ波长检测。本法简便准确，重现性好。洗必泰和对氯苯胺分别在１５～２００μｇ／ｍｌ和６０～１２００μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内线性关系良好（ｒ＝０．９９９９），最低检测限分别为１．３３μｇ／ｍｌ和７．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｓ／Ｎ＝３：１），平均回收率分别为１００．１％和１０３．１％。相对标准偏差Ｒ５０％分别为１．４１％和１．１４％。     

HPLC法同时测定人血浆中四种氟喹诺酮药物的血药浓度

研究了用ＨＰＬＣ同时测定人血浆中氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、洛美沙星和环丙沙星血药浓度的方法。采用ＳｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂＣ（１８）色谱柱（２５０ｍｍ×４．６ｍｍ，５μｍ），以甲醇－０．００８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸盐缓冲液－０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ四丁基溴化铵（１６：７５：１．４，ｐＨ２．６）为流动相，检测波长２８０ｎｍ，血浆样品用乙腈沉淀蛋白后进样，简便快速，回收率稳定，对氧氟沙星，诺氟沙星，洛美沙星，环丙沙星四种氟喹诺酮药物检测的线性范围分别为：０．１０～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１１～５．４０μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１３～５．００μｇ／ｍｌ；０．１０～１０．００μｇ／ｍｌ。其方法检测限为：２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ；２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ及４０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，回收率均高于８６％。应用本法观察了健康人口服氧氟沙星和环丙沙星后的血药浓度变化。     

七种合成食用色素的示波极谱测定

七种合成食用色素在三乙醇胺的不同ｐＨ溶液中有良好的极谱峰。在ｐＨ７．６－８．０时苋菜红、日落黄、柠檬黄、果绿、胭脂红和赤鲜红分别在－０．４３，－０．５１，－０．５７，－０．５７．－０．６０和－０．８５Ｖ（ＶＳ．ＳＣＥ，下同）出峰；ｐＨ０．８－１．２时，亮蓝在－０．４１Ｖ出峰。各峰峰形良好，且能明显分开。线性范围赤鲜红是１～１０μｇ／１０ｍｌ，其余六种色素均为５～１００μｇ／１０ｍｌ。相关系数均在０．９９９以上。最低检出限分别为：柠檬黄，苋菜红，赤鲜红０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ；果绿０．０６μｇ／ｍｌ；日落黄０．０８μｇ／ｍｌ；胭脂红，亮蓝０．１２μｇ／ｍｌ。变异系数１．５～９．８％；回收率９６．５～１１０．０％。报道了赤鲜红的测定方法，并发现市售果绿实质是柠檬黄和亮蓝（６＋１）的混和物。方法快速简便，易于推广应用。     

羊开口提取物的分离及对艾滋病毒逆转录酶和DNA多聚酶活性的抑制作用

羊开口经提取分离为Ｙ－１、Ｙ－Ｐ、Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－Ｅ、Ｙ－Ａ－１和Ｙ－Ａ－１和Ｙ３～１１等部分，通过其对艾滋病毒逆转录酶（ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ）和ＤＮＡ多聚酶（ＤＮＡＰｏｌ）活性试验，发现Ｙ－１、Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－Ａ－１、Ｙ－９和Ｙ－１１有极强的抑制酶活性作用。５０％酶活性抑制浓度（ＩＣ５０）对ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ分别为０．１～０．５μｇ／ｍｌ，对ＤＮＡｐｏｌα为０．５～２．５μｇ／ｍｌ。ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ的抑制率当浓度Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－Ａ－１２．５μｇ／ｍｌ，Ｙ－９、Ｙ－１１２μｇ／ｍｌ和Ｙ－１５μｇ／ｍｌ时分别为９９．３７％，９３．３５％，９８．２４％，９９．９２％和９０．０％：ＤＮＡｐｏｌα的抑制率当Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－９、Ｙ－１１的浓度为２．５μｇ／ｍｌ和Ｙ－１浓度为５μｇ／ｍｌ时，分别为９５．４５％，９３．３３％，９３．０１％和９９．１１％。结果提示羊开口中存在抑制ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ和ＤＮＡｐｏｌα的物质。     

人血浆中尼美舒利的高效液相色谱法测定及其药代动力学研究

以对羟基联苯为内标设计了血浆中尼美舒利的高效液相色谱测定法。色谱柱为Ｈｙｐｅｒｓｉｌ ＯＤＳ２ ２０ｃｍ×４．６ｍｍ ＩＤ５μｍ，流动相为甲醇－水－冰醋酸（６０：４０：１），流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，检测波长为２３０ｎｍ。血样经盐酸溶液酸化反以乙醚提取，回收率为８１．５３％￣８９．１７％，血浆中尼美舒利的最低检出浓度为０．０２μｇ／ｍｌ，线性范围为０．１￣２０μｇ／ｍｌ。１０名志愿者随机交叉ｐｏ单剂量２     

羊开口提取物的分离及对艾滋病毒逆转录酶和DNA多聚酶活性的抑制作用

羊开口经提取分离为Ｙ－１、Ｙ－Ｐ、Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－Ｅ、Ｙ－Ａ－１和Ｔ－３￣１１等部分，通过其对艾滋病毒逆转录酶（ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ）和ＤＮＡ多聚酶（ＤＮＡ Ｐｏｌ）活性试验，发现Ｙ－１、Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－Ａ－１、Ｙ－９和Ｙ－１１有极强的抑制酶活性作用。５０％酶活性抑制浓度（ＩＣ５０）对ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ分别为０．１￣０．５μｇ／ｍｌ，对ＤＮＡ ｐｏｌ α为０．５￣２．５μｇ／ｍｌ。ＨＩＶ－ＲＴ的抑制率当浓度Ｙ－Ａ、Ｙ－     

培福新注射液中培氟沙星和维生素C钠的高效液相色谱分析

建立了高效液相色谱法测定培福新注射液中培氟沙星和维生素Ｃ钠的含量，采用Ｃ１８柱，１０μｍ（大连化物所Ｓｐｈｅｒｉｓｏｒｂ），以乙腈－柠檬酸液（０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）－醋酸铵液（０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）－１％磷酸水溶液（２２∶７５∶１∶２，内含０．１％三乙胺）为流动相，在紫外检测器２５４ｎｍ波长处进行检测。培氟沙星线性范围６０～２４０μｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９７（ｎ＝５），维生素Ｃ钠线性范围１～９μｇ／ｍｌ，ｒ＝０．９９９９（ｎ＝５）。方法简便，结果满意。     

茶叶中微量锰的新催化光度法测定

利用于氨三乙酸存在下，锰（Ⅱ）对高碘酸钾氧化二甲苯蓝ＦＦ的催化效应，建立了一个新的测定微量锰的动力学分光光度法。该法检出限为６×１０￣（－２）ｎｇ·ｍｌ￣（－１），线性范围为０．２～８．０ｎｇ·２．５ｍｌ￣（－１），常见离子基本不干扰测定。用于直接测定健齿茶和茉莉花茶中的锰含量，结果发现，锰含量分别为２２１４μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）及６４８μｇ·ｇ￣（－１）。此法简便易行，灵敏度高。     

雏鸡视网膜褪黑激素含量测定

目的：检测雏鸡视网膜褪黑激素的含量。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。结果：方法操作简单,结果可信,检出限为２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ,线性范围０．０２５￣８０μｇ／ｍｌ,变异系数〈１１％（日内、日间）。加标回收率８２．０％￣９９．８％,样品中褪黑激素含量０．２μｇ／ｍｌ,结论：出生１￣７ｄ雏鸡松果体不分泌褪黑激素。     

艾滋病合并结核病患者抗结核药物血药浓度的研究

目的：比较艾滋病合并结核病人同单纯结核病人抗结核药物血药浓度是否存在差异;比较艾滋病合并结核病病人CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平与抗结核药物血药浓度是否存在相关性。方法：高效液相色谱法测定28例艾滋病合并结核病患者及28例单纯结核病人血清中利福平,异烟肼及吡嗪酰胺血药浓度,比较两组病人抗结核药物血药浓度是否存在差异。用流式细胞仪测定艾滋病合并结核病病人CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平,比较其与抗结核药物血药浓度是否存在相关性。结果：艾滋病合并结核病组病人利福平血药浓度低于单纯结核病人（t=-6.563,P=0.000）。两组病人异烟肼血药浓度对比无统计学差异（t=-0.675,P=0.506）。两组病人吡嗪酰胺血药浓度对比无统计学差异（t=0.063,P=0.951）。CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平与血清中利福平浓度无相关性（r=0.38,P=0.099）,CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平与血清中异烟肼浓度无相关性（r=0.081,P=0.681）,CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平与血清中吡嗪酰胺浓度无相关性（r=0.125,P=0.527）。结论：艾滋病合并结核病病人利福平血药浓度低于单纯结核病人。两组病人异烟肼及吡嗪酰胺血药浓度无差异。CD4＋T淋巴细胞水平与血清中利福平,异烟肼,吡嗪酰胺血药浓度无相关性。     

Pulmonary infiltrates and fever induced by isoniazid

An 88 year old woman with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis was first treated with isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide. Two weeks later she developed pulmonary infiltrates with fever. A drug-induced reaction was suspected but the reaction recurred three times until isoniazid was identified as the cause. The reaction became worse each time, finally being nearly fatal.     

Drug procurement and management

A strong drug procurement and management system under the RNTCP is critical to programme success. Significant improvements in manufacturing, inspection, supply, storage and quality control practices and procedures have been achieved due to an intensive RNTCP network. Drugs used in RNTCP are rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin. Patients of TB are categorised into I, II and III and each category has a different standarised treatment. Procurement, distribution system and quality assurance of drugs are narrated in brief in this article.     

Study on hepatotoxicity and other side-effects of antituberculosis drugs

A prospective study of different side-effects and toxicity of different antituberculosis drugs was made on 125 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, divided into 3 groups according to the regime of treatment. Group A consisted of 50 patients, taking streptomycin, ethambutol and isoniazid. Group B of 50 patients received streptomycin plus ethambutol plus isoniazid and rifampicin and 25 patients comprising group C received streptomycin plus isoniazid plus ethambutol and pyrazinamide. The group B showed hepatotoxicity in 30% cases, out of which clinical jaundice with abnormal liver function tests being 26% and rest 4% cases were of anicteric hepatitis, while group A showed only 6% hepatotoxicity with 4% clinical jaundice and 2% anicteric hepatitis. In group A out of 50 cases only 2 patients complained of colour blindness, which reversed with the stoppage of drugs. In group C out of 25 cases 3 patients had gouty problems and responded with stoppage of drugs. Patients in group A developed jaundice in a mean of 50 days while those in group B developed jaundice in 17 days.     

肺结核病合并胸膜炎应用巩固化疗方案的疗效分析

目的：研究肺结核病合并胸膜炎患者应用巩固化疗方案的临床疗效。方法选取2010年6月-2012年6月金堂县第二人民医院收治的200例肺结核病合并胸膜炎患者,首先选用利福平、乙胺丁醇、异烟肼及吡嗪酰胺药物进行强化期治疗2个月,而后将这些患者平均分成两组,观察组（A组）每周1次利福喷丁,外加每周2次异烟肼;对照组（B组）每天应用1次利福平、异烟肼,以6个月为1个疗程。结果在治疗结束后,两组患者在痰培养、结核病灶及胸水吸收等比较差异无统计学意义。在肝功能损害上,观察组低于对照组。结论对肺结核病合并胸膜炎患者实施每周1次的巩固治疗,能够取得显著疗效,提高患者的耐受性,减轻毒副作用。     

耐“异烟肼、利福平”肺结核患者31例临床治疗观察

目的探讨耐“异烟肼、利福平”肺结核患者采用6／卷曲霉素（卡那霉素）、吡嗪酰胺、丙硫异烟胺、对氨基水杨酸、左氧氟沙星／18吡嗪酰胺、丙硫异烟胺、对氨基水杨酸、左氧氟沙星方案的临床效果及影响因素。方法2010年1年邯郸市传染病医院对第七轮中国全球基金耐多药结核项目符合入组条件的31例患者采用上述方案治疗24个月。治疗过程中定期检查患者肝功能、肾功能、血常规、尿常规、痰涂片找结核菌、胸部X线片。结果31例患者中男性21例、女性10例,患者年龄23-70岁。完成治疗后痰菌阴转率54．8％,病变明显吸收35．48％,抗结核药物不良反应发生率54．84％。治疗结果显示：3l例患者治愈率为54．84％,结核患者的年龄、病史长短对耐”异烟肼、利福平”结核病的治疗成败差异均有统计学意义（χ2=2．544,P〈0．05;χ2=6．903,P〈0．05）。结论年龄、肺结核病史长短对耐多药结核患者治疗成败有影响。本方案治疗耐“异烟肼、利福平”肺结核效果满意,但费用较高,可用于临床治疗耐多药肺结核患者。     

常规抗结核联合异烟肼、地塞米松胸腔内注射治疗结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨常规抗结核基础上联合异烟肼及地塞米松胸腔注射治疗对结核性胸膜炎的临床疗效。方法收集本院感染科治疗的结核性胸膜炎患者194例作为本次试验的研究对象,随机分为两组,常规治疗组(n=96)和联合异烟肼地塞米松组(n=98)。常规治疗组患者予以常规四联抗结核治疗(异烟肼+利福平+吡嗪酰胺+乙胺丁醇),联合异烟肼地塞米松组患者在常规四联抗结核治疗的基础上,再加以异烟肼0.1 g、地塞米松5 mg胸腔内注射。比较两组患者的住院天数、胸水吸收情况、治疗的总效率以及治疗后的不良反应。结果联合异烟肼地塞米松组患者的住院天数和胸水的吸收时间均较常规治疗组缩短(P<0.05);联合异烟肼地塞米松组患者的治疗总有效率高于常规治疗组有效率(P<0.05);联合异烟肼地塞米松组患者治疗后的各项不良反应均少于常规治疗组(P<0.05)。结论联合异烟肼、地塞米松胸腔注射治疗结核性胸膜炎可以有效缩短住院天数、加快胸水吸收、减少胸膜增厚等不良反应,值得在临床大力推广。     

Ofloxacin in multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of death today and 3.81 million cases occurred in 1997 and 1998. Even today in spite of having four drugs like isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin/pyrazinamide and ethambutol for the intensive phase, the total duration of treatment remains six months. Because of the global health problems of TB, the increasing rate of multidrug resistant TB (MDR-TB) and the high rate of co-infection with HIV, the need for effective non-toxic antituberculous agents is essential. Fluoroquinolones have been classified as drugs having low bactericidal activity by the WHO. To date, they have been used for preventive therapy, empirical treatment of patients with TB and retreatment of patients with relapsing TB. In-vitro and in-vivo clinical studies have identified ofloxacin as a promising new agent in the treatment of MDR-TB. Ofloxacin has been advocated by the WHO in case of MDR-TB, when susceptibility to test results are not available before starting the new treatment, in the continuation period (18 months) and if resistance is proven to at least isoniazid and rifampicin.     

四妙散加减治疗药物性尿酸增高症的疗效观察

[目的]观察清热利湿中药治疗吡嗪酰胺药物引起尿酸增高症的临床疗效。[方法]将确诊为吡嗪酰胺药物引起尿酸增高症的86例病人分为2组,每组各43例。两组患者均继续给予异烟肼、利福平、吡嗪酰胺、乙胺丁醇等抗痨治疗,并给予别嘌呤醇片治疗。治疗组在此基础上加服清热利湿中药(四妙散加减),1剂/d,每疗程14d,共治疗2个疗程。对照组不服用中药。观察两组病人的临床疗效和血清尿酸变化。[结果]治疗组临床痊愈28例(占65.12%),有效12例(占27.91%),无效3例(占6.97%),总有效率为93.02%;对照组临床痊愈16例(占37.21%),有效17例(占39.53%),无效10例(占23.26%),总有效率为76.74%;两组比较,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后,两组患者的临床症状均有改善(与治疗前比较,P<0.01),且治疗组的症状改善更明显(与对照组比较,P<0.05)。治疗后两组患者的血清尿酸水平均有下降(与治疗前比较,P<0.01),且治疗组的血清尿酸水平下降更明显(与对照组比较,P<0.05)。[结论]中药治疗抗痨药物引起的尿酸增高症确切有效。     

Two years review of cutaneous adverse drug reaction from first line anti-tuberculous drugs

First line Anti-TB therapy with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol/streptomycin is very effective. However, major adverse reactions to antituberculous drugs can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) is one of the commonly observed major adverse events. This retrospective study looked at the cases of TB treated in Respiratory Unit, Penang Hospital from January 2004 to December 2005. Of 820 patients treated for active TB, 47 patients (25 females; 22 males) developed CADR (5.7%). CADRs observed include morbiliform rash (72.3%), erythema multiforme syndrome (8.5%), urticaria (8.5%) and others (which include exfoliative dermatitis and lichenoid eruption). Ninety-seven percent of events occurred within two months after the initial dose. Incidence rate of CADR among the first line anti-TB drugs, pyrazinamide was the commonest offending drug (2.38%), followed by streptomycin (1.45%), ethambutol (1.44%), rifampicin (1.23%) and isoniazid (0.98%). Various clinical characteristics of patients with CADR identified include Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection (27.7%), polypharmacy (21.3%), elderly (19.1%), autoimmune disorders (6.4%), pre-existing renal impairment (4.3%), pre-existing liver disorders (4.3%). In conclusion, CADR is common and majority of cases occurred within two months after initiation of anti-TB treatment, particularly in HIV infected patients. Pyrazinamide is the commonest offending drug.