补骨脂素逆转多药耐药细胞系K562/ADR耐药性研究

目的　研究补骨脂素对白血病细胞阿霉素耐药株(K5 6 2 /ADR)多药耐药 (multidrugresistance,MDR)性的逆转作用及其机制。方法　采用MTT法检测药物细胞毒性作用 ,高效液相色谱法检测细胞内阿霉素 (ADR)的浓度 ,流式细胞术测定细胞P 糖蛋白 (P gp)的表达。 结果　补骨脂素 (1～ 2 0 μmol·L-1)能不同程度地降低ADR对K5 6 2 /ADR细胞的IC50 。 2 0 μmol·L-1能显著提高ADR在K5 6 2 /ADR细胞内的浓度 ,降低K5 6 2 /ADR细胞P gp的表达。 结论　补骨脂素能逆转K5 6 2 /ADR细胞的MDR ,其机制与抑制P gp的功能及其表达 ,增加细胞内ADR的积累有关     

脂质体阿霉素逆转肿瘤多药耐药的活性和机制研究

目的 探讨脂质体阿霉素( PLD)逆转肿瘤多药耐药(MDR)的活性及其逆转机制.方法 以噻唑蓝(MTT)方法检测PLD对多药耐药肿瘤细胞MCF-7/ADR及KBv200的耐药逆转活性.结果 PLD在体内具有较强的逆转活性,逆转活性大于公认的强逆转剂维拉帕米的活性;在5.0μmol/L浓度下使多药耐药细胞KBv200对长春新碱的敏感性增加了45倍.PLD浓度依赖性增加(0、2.5、5.0、10 μmol/L)KBv200细胞内的罗丹明蓄积.PLD的心脏毒性、骨髓抑制以及脱发等不良反应显著降低.结论 脂质体阿霉素具有较强的逆转MDR的活性,主要通过持续向肿瘤组织聚集,肿瘤局部药物浓度升高,抗肿瘤的活性增强.     

环氧化酶-2选择性抑制剂逆转MCF-7/ADR细胞多药耐药的实验研究

目的 研究环氧化酶-2(COX-2)选择性抑制剂Celecoxib对人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7/ADR的多药耐药(MDR)逆转作用.方法 采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定Celecoxib对MCF-7/ADR细胞的无毒剂量,并检测在此剂量下的耐药细胞逆转倍数;荧光分光光度法测定Celecoxib对细胞内阿霉素(ADM)荧光强度的影响.结果 无毒剂量的Celecoxib(1×10-3 μmol/L)可显著降低ADM对MCF-7/ADR的半数抑制浓度(IC50),逆转耐药倍数为1.91倍.Celecoxib能够提高MDR细胞内ADM荧光强度.结论 Celecoxib具有逆转人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADR多药耐药性的作用,可能与增加MDR细胞内化疗药物聚集量有关.     

瓦他拉尼对乳腺癌耐药蛋白介导的肿瘤多药耐药的逆转研究

目的观察新型激酶抑制剂类抗癌药瓦他拉尼(vatalanib)逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药(MDR)的效果,研究其对乳腺癌耐药蛋白(BCRP)、P-糖蛋白(P-gp)、多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)的作用,探讨其作用机制。方法应用MTS法或SRB法检测瓦他拉尼对耐药细胞与敏感细胞的细胞毒性和逆转MDR的效果;分别以罗丹明(Rh-123)、米托蒽醌(MX)、阿霉素(ADR)为P-gp、BCRP、MRP1的荧光底物,应用流式细胞术检测该药对P-gp、BCRP、MRP1外排功能的影响;应用Western blot检测该药对耐药细胞中BCRP蛋白表达水平的影响,并研究其对细胞增殖相关信号分子的影响;应用qRT-PCR检测其对耐药细胞中BCRP基因表达水平的影响;通过超速离心法制备BCRP转运蛋白的粗膜,检测瓦他拉尼对BCRP的ATPase活性的影响。结果无毒剂量的瓦他拉尼(5μmol·L-1)可有效逆转BCRP高表达的肿瘤细胞株HEK293/ABCG2对MX、ADR和托泊替康(TOPT)的耐药,而对P-gp高表达的肿瘤细胞株K562/A02和MRP1高表达的肿瘤细胞株HEK293/ABCC1的耐药无逆转作用。该药能够下调耐药肿瘤细胞的BCRP基因和蛋白的表达水平,并具有时间和剂量依赖效应,但对BCRP外排MX的功能无明显抑制作用。该药可以激活BCRP的ATPase活性,但并不改变BCRP的构象,对耐药和敏感细胞中AKT和ERK的表达及其磷酸化水平也均无明显影响。结论瓦他拉尼可有效、特异地逆转BCRP介导的肿瘤MDR,其机制可能是通过下调耐药肿瘤细胞中BCRP基因和蛋白的表达来达到逆转MDR的效果。     

钙调素拮抗剂小檗胺逆转K562／ADR细胞株多药耐药的研究

目的:研究钙调素拮抗剂小檗胺(BBM)抑制白血病细胞增殖并逆转细胞多药耐药的作用。方法:以四唑氮蓝(MTT)法测定小檗胺对K562细胞、耐阿霉素K562细胞(K562/ADR)的增殖抑制作用并求得其IC_(50);测定联合应用阿霉素和BBM后K562/ADR细胞对阿霉素的IC_(50)值及其增敏倍数。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测小檗胺作用前后K562/ADR细胞多药耐药基因(MDR)在mRNA水平的表达,应用免疫组织化学方法测定P170表达量。结果:小檗胺能显著抑制K562及K562/ADR细胞增殖,其IC_(50)值分别为5.32 μg·mL~(-1)和 10.97μg·mL~(-1)。联合应用阿霉素和1 μg·mL~(-1)小檗胺使K562/ADR细胞对阿霉素的IC_(50)由5.94 μg·mL~(-1)降低至2.93μg·mL~(-1),其增敏倍数为2.03倍。8 μg·mL~(-1)小檗胺作用K562/ADR细胞24 h后P170的表达量由85.45％降低至63.86％,72 h后MDR1mRNA的表达以β-actin为内参照的半定量比值也由处理前的1.625降至0.877。结论:小檗胺对K562、K562/ADR有显著的增殖抑制作用,小檗胺能部分逆转K562/ADR细胞对阿霉素的耐药,其作用是通过抑制MDR1在mRNA和P170水平的表达而实现的。     

1MTA2基因沉默对人乳腺癌MCF-7/ADR多药耐药的逆转作用

目的乳腺癌是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤,本研究探讨MTA2对乳腺癌耐药的作用及机制。方法 CCK-8检测MCF-7/ADR和MCF-7细胞株对阿霉素的耐药情况。体外化学合成MTA2序列特异性的shRNA,经慢病毒转染人乳腺癌细胞系,Western blot检测慢病毒介导的MTA2敲减效率以及PI3K/AKT/NF-κB信号通路蛋白。Annexin V-FITC和DAPI染色检测细胞凋亡情况。结果 MCF-7/ADR细胞中MTA2表达量显著高于MCF-7细胞株,慢病毒介导的基因沉默显著的敲减了MCF-7/ADR细胞中的MTA2。敲除MTA2逆转MCF-7/ADR细胞的耐药作用并促进细胞凋亡。敲除MTA2通过抑制PI3K/AKT通路抑制下游NF-κB通路活化,并下调p-gp蛋白表达而逆转耐药性。结论敲除MTA2可以逆转MCF-7/ADR细胞的耐药作用,表明MTA2可能参与调节乳腺癌多药耐药作用。     

人骨肉瘤多药耐药细胞模型建立及生物学形状分析

目的：建立人骨肉瘤细胞多药耐药(MDR) 细胞亚系。方法：采用多柔比星间断冲击法诱导骨肉瘤细胞，并用免疫荧光法检测P 糖蛋白(P gp)的表达、四唑蓝(MTT)比色法对MDR表型鉴定和多柔比星结合实验法检测肿瘤细胞耐药性及耐药逆转药。结果：该实验建立6株MDR细胞亚系MG 63/R1～6，免疫荧光术可以检测到P gp的表达，MTT比色法、多柔比星结合试验方法显示各亚系细胞的多药耐药性明显增加，并且维拉帕米可以拮抗P gp的作用。结论：Mdr 1/P gp在MDR的特性上起着至关重要的作用，这些骨肉瘤MDR细胞亚系模型为进一步研究骨肉瘤耐药特征及逆转方法奠定基础。     

五味子甲素对K562/ADR、HL60/ADR、MCF-7/ADR多药耐药逆转机制的研究

目的探讨五味子甲素(schizandrin A or deoxyschizan-drin,schA)对白血病细胞K562/ADR、HL60/ADR、乳腺癌细胞MCF-7/ADR多药耐药的逆转作用,并初步探讨其逆转机制。方法 MTT法检测schA对耐药细胞的逆转作用;流式细胞仪检测schA对细胞内柔红霉素、罗丹明-123含量和细胞表面P-gp表达水平的变化;用Real-time PCR方法检测schA对细胞内mdr1 mRNA和mrp1 mRNA表达;生化检测法检测schA对细胞内GSH含量的变化。结果耐药逆转实验显示:不同浓度的schA对作用机制不同的化疗药物耐药产生不同的逆转效果;蓄积实验表明schA可增加柔红霉素、罗丹明123在耐药细胞内的蓄积,并且有良好的剂量依赖关系;schA处理K562/ADR、HL60/ADR细胞24 h后,能降低P-gp蛋白和mdr1、mrp1基因的表达;schA处理K562/ADR、HL60/ADR细胞4 h后,可降低细胞内谷胱甘肽含量。结论 schA对耐药机制不同的细胞株K562/ADR、HL60/ADR均有耐药逆转作用,推测可能是与抑制细胞表面的P-gp蛋白功能和表达,降低mdr1、mrp1耐药基因的表达和降低细胞内谷胱甘肽含量有关,schA通过影响上述机制,进而增加细胞内的药物浓度,达到有效杀灭肿瘤细胞的作用。     

蛇床子素对耐阿霉素人乳腺癌细胞耐药的逆转作用

目的:研究蛇床子素(Ost)对人乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药株多药耐药(MDR)的逆转作用及其机制。方法:采用MTT比色法测定药物的细胞毒性,高效液相-紫外检测法检测细胞内ADR浓度。结果:Ost对MCF-7及MCF-7/ADR细胞均有增殖抑制作用,IC50值分别为(58.1±2.3)μmol.L-1和(59±5)μmol.L-1;在5~15μmol.L-1范围内,Ost可以不同程度地增强ADR对MCF-7细胞杀伤作用,与ADR联合用药降低ADR对MCF-7/ADR的IC50值,显著增加MCF-7/ADR细胞内ADR的积累。结论:Ost对人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7及其阿霉素耐药株MCF-7/ADR细胞均有增殖抑制作用,而且Ost通过明显增加MCF-7/ADR细胞内ADR的浓度,逆转其阿霉素耐药性。     

低频超声联合微泡对比剂通过PI3K/AKT通路对乳腺癌耐药株MCF-7/ADR多药耐药的逆转机制研究

目的 探索低频超声联合微泡（LFUSMB）通过磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（AKT）通路对乳腺癌 耐药株MCF-7/阿霉素（ADR）多药耐药的逆转效果及机制。方法 CCK-8法筛选LFUSMB作用时间并测定ADR对 MCF-7/ADR 细胞的半抑制浓度（IC50）。将 MCF-7/ADR 细胞分组为：对照（C）组,采用 MCF 细胞培养基正常培养; ADR组,采用加入ADR（终质量浓度20 mg/L）的MCF细胞培养基培养;LFUSMB+ADR组,采用加入ADR（终质量浓度 20 mg/L）的MCF细胞培养基培养并经LFUSMB处理30 s;LFUSMB+ADR+740 YP（PI3K/AKT通路活化剂）组,采用加 入 ADR（终质量浓度 20 mg/L）和 740 YP（终质量浓度 50 mg/L）的 MCF 细胞培养基培养并经 LFUSMB 处理 30 s。 Annexin V-FIFC/PI 法检测 MCF-7/ADR 细胞凋亡率,Western blot 检测 P 糖蛋白（P-gp）、抗多药耐药蛋白（MRP）1、 MRP2、乳腺癌抗性蛋白（BCRP/ABCG2）、PI3K、AKT、p-PI3K、p-AKT蛋白表达。结果 采用LFUSMB干预30 s进行 后续研究。LFUSMB 30 s组ADR对MCF/ADR细胞的IC50低于未超声处理组,相对耐药逆转倍数约为8.20倍。ADR 组细胞凋亡率较C组增高（P＜0.05）,MRP1、MRP2、P-gp、BCRP/ABCG2、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT 蛋白水平无明 显变化;LFUSMB+ADR组细胞凋亡率较ADR组增高,MRP1、MRP2、P-gp、BCRP/ABCG2、p-PI3K/PI3K和p-AKT/AKT 蛋白水平显著下调（P＜0.05）。与 LFUSMB+ADR 组比较,LFUSMB+ADR+740 YP 组细胞凋亡率显著降低,MRP1、 MRP2、P-gp、BCRP/ABCG2 蛋白水平显著增高（P＜0.05）。结论 LFUSMB 可通过抑制 PI3K/AKT 通路活化,下调 MRP1等腺苷三磷酸结合盒（ABC）家族蛋白表达,逆转乳腺癌MCF-7/ADR细胞耐药性。     

咯萘啶逆转肿瘤多药耐药及其作用机制

目的:利用mdr1~ 的人白血病和乳腺癌多药耐药(MDR)细胞系K562/A02和MCF-7/ADR研究咯萘啶(pyronaridine,PND)对MDR的逆转作用及其机制.方法:采用MTT法、荧光分光光度法、荧光显微镜法、流式细胞仪法和RT-PCR法分别测定PND单独或与阿霉素(DOX)合用,对肿瘤细胞的生长抑制、诱导凋亡、细胞内药物浓度、mdr1基因表达的影响.结果:PND对敏感及耐药细胞均具有生长抑制作用,半数抑制剂量(IC_(50))根据不同细胞在5.10-18.66μmol/L之间;低毒剂量PND显著增强DOX对耐药细胞的细胞毒和诱导凋亡作用,且增加DOX在耐药细胞内的蓄积及减少罗丹明(Rh123)的外排.RT-PCR结果显示,PND对mdr1基因无下调作用.结论:PND可作为第三代P-糖蛋白(P-gp)抑制剂,通过下调P-gp药物外排泵功能而产生强大的逆转MDR效应.     

Sambutoxin sensitizes K562/ADR to adrimycin by inhibiting expression of P-glycoprotein

OBJECTIVE To investigate the reverse effects of sambutoxin, a representative derivative of 4-hydroxy-2-pyridone with antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor effects, on multidrug resistance(MDR) of K562/ADR cells to adriamycin(ADR) and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS We first investigated the dose-dependent cytotoxic effects of sambutoxin as single treatment on K562 and K562/ADR cells by MTT and CCK-8 assay in order to select the suitable dosage of sambutoxin in the combination treatment. The cytotoxicity of ADR combined with sambutoxin on K562 and K562/ADR cells were also determined by MTT and CCK-8 assays. Then, effects of sambutoxin on the intracellular accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR cells were determined using flow cytometry. The effect of sambutoxin on the efflux function and expression of P-gp in K562/ADR cells was evaluated by Rhodamine123(Rh123) accumulation assay and Western blotting assay respectively. 3 D interactions of human P-gp with sambutoxin, verapamil and adriamycin predicted by docking studies conducted using Sybyl2.1 sofware. Next, the effect of combination treatment of sambutoxin and ADR on the apoptosis of K562/ADR cells was determined by Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining. The expression of the apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blotting assay. Effect of sambutoxin and ADR on reactive oxygen species(ROS) level in K562/ADR cells was evaluated detected by the DCFH-DA method using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Effect of sambutoxin and ADR on EGFR/MAPK and PI3 K/AKT/m TOR signaling pathways in K562/ADR cells was evaluated by Western blotting assay. RESULTS Sambutoxin treatment potently enhanced the susceptibility of K562/ADR cells to ADR in a dose manner and the reversal effect was much more prominent in K562/ADR cells. Sambutoxin increased the intracellular accumulation of ADR and Rh123 in K562/ADR cells. Sambutoxin inhibited protein expression of P-gp through Akt/NF-κB pathway in K562/ADR cells. Molecular docking display sambutoxin with P-gp(PDB code:6 QEX) formed two hydrogen bonds with GLN-725 and ASN-721, total Score was 8.29. Co-administration ADR with sambutoxin remarkably increased ADR-induced apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway, including down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, up-regulation of proapoptotic protein Bax, up-regulation of cleaved caspase3, and cleaved PARP, augmented ROS in K562/ADR cells. Moreover, ADR combined with sambutoxin could down-regulate the EGFR/MAPK and PI3 K/AKT/m TOR survival pathway in K562/ADR cells. CONCLUSION Sambutoxin reverses MDR of K562/ADR cells to ADR by downregulating P-gp expression and increasing ROS level, as well as, inducing apoptosis. These fundamental findings provide evidence for further clinical research in application of sambutoxin as an assistant agent for chemotherapy of cancer.     

姜黄素衍生物C15对白血病K562/A02细胞多药耐药的逆转作用

目的: 探讨姜黄素衍生物C15对人白血病K562/A02细胞多药耐药(multidrug resistance,MOR)的逆转作用及其作用机制。方法: 四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测P-糖蛋白(P-gp)外排泵功能和细胞周期;免疫印迹法检测蛋白表达;P-gp-Glo^TM Assay System试剂盒检测P-gp ATP水解酶(ATPase)活性。结果: C15对K562/A02细胞半数抑制浓度(IC₅₀)大于50 μmol·L^-1。对K562/A02细胞无明显细胞毒的浓度为2.5,5.0,10.0 μmol·L^-1的C15逆转对K562/A02细胞对阿霉素(ADR)耐药的倍数分别为2.60,5.39,11.39,对长春新碱(vincristine, VCR)耐药的倍数分别为4.50,18.07,124.35,但是对非P-gp底物的化疗药物顺铂(cisplatin, CIS)和敏感细胞K562基本无逆转效果。2.5,5.0,10.0 μmol·L^-1 C15可以增加耐药细胞K562/A02胞内罗丹明123(Rh-123)的蓄积量分别为1.93,2.30,2.47倍。C15增加阿霉素(adriamycin, ADR)在K562/A02细胞中的蓄积水平,降低P-gp介导的Rh-123外排速率。2.5,10.0 μmol·L^-1 C15与300 nmol·L^-1VCR联合作用后,可使K562/A02细胞的G2/M期比例从9.36%增加到67.57%和69.38%。C15对P-gp蛋白和ATPase的活性没有抑制作用。结论: C15可能是P-gp的非衣物型抑制剂,且具有逆转K562/A02细胞MDR的作用,该作用与其抑制细胞P-gp的外排泵功能有关。     

Apatinib (YN968D1) enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutical drugs in side population cells and ABCB1-overexpressing leukemia cells

P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) overexpression and enrichment of stem-like cells are linked to poor prognosis in tumor patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of apatinib, an oral multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) on enhancing the efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs in side population (SP) cells and ABCB1-overexpressing leukemia cells in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo. Our results showed that apatinib significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell apoptosis induced by doxorubicin in SP cells sorted from K562 cells. Furthermore, apatinib also strongly reversed multidrug resistance (MDR) in K562/ADR cells, and the primary leukemia blasts overexpressing ABCB1 while showed no synergistic interactions with chemotherapeutic agents in MRP1-, MRP4-, MRP7- and LRP-overexpressing cells. Apatinib treatment markedly increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin and rhodamine 123 in K562/ADR cells and the accumulation of rhodamine 123 in the primary leukemia blasts with ABCB1 overexpression. Apatinib stimulated the ATPase activity of P-gp in a dose-dependent manner but did not alter the expression of ABCB1 at both mRNA and protein levels. The phosphorylation level of AKT and ERK1/2 remained unchanged after apatinib treatment in both sensitive and MDR cells. Importantly, apatinib significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in nude mice bearing K562/ADR xenografts. Taken together, our results suggest that apatinib could target to SP cells and ABCB1-overexpressing leukemia cells to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. These findings should be useful for the combination of apatinib and chemotherapeutic agents in the clinic.     

延长洛美利嗪作用时间可增加K562/A02细胞对阿霉素的敏感性

目的：研究洛美利嗪在高浓度、长时间作用于肿瘤细胞时，对多药耐药的逆转作用。探讨洛美利嗪逆转肿瘤细胞多药耐药的机制。方法：将不同浓度的洛美利嗪与人红白血病细胞系K562及其耐药细胞系K562／A02（耐阿霉素）共孵育24、48或72小时，然后分别向细胞中加入阿霉素，采用MTT法检测细胞毒作用；以流式细胞术测定两种细胞系内罗丹明123的潴留以反映P-糖蛋白的外排功能；利用Fluo-3／AM检测细胞内游离钙离子浓度。结果：细胞与洛美利嗪预温孵后，阿霉素对K562／A02细胞的IC50值减小，细胞内Rh123潴留增多，细胞内游离钙离子浓度明显升高。结论：洛美利嗪高浓度，长时间作用于K562／A02细胞，可以抑制细胞上P-糖蛋白的功能活性，使细胞对化疗药的敏感性增强，其机制可能与升高细胞内钙离子有关。     

四氢异喹啉类化合物HZ08逆转白血病K562/DOX细胞多药耐药性的试验研究

目的:探讨四氢异喹啉类化合物HZ08对人白血病多药耐药K562/DOX细胞的逆转作用及其可能的机制。方法:采用MTT法检测HZ08的体外细胞毒性及其对阿霉素(DOX)的增敏作用,采用逆转倍数(RF)值评价其逆转效果;应用流式细胞仪分析细胞内罗丹明123(Rh123)潴留量的变化和DOX浓度,评价P糖蛋白(P-gp)的功能;采用Western blot法及免疫细胞化学法测定mdr1基因产物P-gp的表达;同时以人白血病敏感细胞株K562/S细胞为对照进行比较试验。结果:与K562/S细胞比较,HZ08可明显增强DOX对K562/DOX的细胞毒性,RF值增加;HZ08能浓度相关性地增加K562/DOX细胞对Rh123的摄取以及细胞内Rh123的潴留,明显抑制P-gp介导的Rh123外排;K562/DOX细胞膜上P-gp呈强阳性表达,但HZ08对K562/DOX细胞P-gp表达水平无明显影响;HZ08可显著增加K562/DOX细胞内DOX浓度。结论:HZ08可通过抑制K562/DOX细胞P-gp的功能、增加耐药细胞内DOX的浓度而增强K562/DOX细胞对DOX的敏感性,其可能成为有效的多药耐药逆转剂的候选药物。     

CJX2, an amlodipine derivative,reverses p‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug‐resistance in doxorubicin‐resistant human myelogenous leukemia (K562/DOX) cells

P‐glycoprotein‐mediated drug efflux can yield a multidrug‐resistance (MDR) phenotype that is associated with a poor response to cancer chemotherapy. Development of safe and effective MDR‐reversing agents is an important approach in the clinic. The aim of this study was to observe the effects of CJX2, an amlodipine derivative, on the inhibition of P‐gp function and P‐gp‐mediated MDR in K562/DOX cells and parental K562 cells. Based on the flow cytometric technology, the uptake, accumulation, and efflux of rhodamine123 (Rh123) were detected in these cells by measuring Rh123‐associated mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). The effects of CJX2 on the doxorubicin cytotoxicity were evaluated by assaying for MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) reduction and the reversal fold (RF) values. The DNA content, percentage of apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis were monitored with flow cytometry. Intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin was also assessed by the determination of doxorubicin‐associated MFI. Verapamil was employed as a comparative agent. Incubation of K562/DOX cells with CJX2 caused a marked increase in accumulation, uptake, and a notable decrease in efflux of Rh123. No such results were found in parental K562 cells. The inhibitory effect of the agent on P‐gp function was reversible, but it persisted at least for 90 min after removal of 2.5 µM CJX2 from incubation medium. The doxorubicin‐induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cell cycle perturbations were significantly potentiated by CJX2. The intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin was enhanced in the presence of various concentrations of CJX2. The CJX2 exhibited potent effects in vitro in the reversal of P‐gp‐mediated MDR, suggesting that the compound may become a candidate for an effective MDR‐reversing agent in cancer chemotherapy. Drug Dev. Res. 66:278–285, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.