Foxp3转染对哮喘小鼠脾淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的: 转染Foxp3至哮喘小鼠脾淋巴细胞,探讨Foxp3表达对脾淋巴细胞功能的影响。方法: 卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏激发制作哮喘小鼠模型,收集培养脾脏淋巴细胞;使用电穿孔法转染真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(-)-Foxp3至脾脏淋巴细胞,并设转染空质粒组和对照组;RT-PCR和Western blotting检测Foxp3的表达;流式细胞术检测转染后CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg细胞/CD4⁺细胞比例;MTT法检测转染后的脾脏淋巴细胞增殖反应,ELISA检测脾淋巴细胞上清中白细胞介素4(IL-4)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的含量。结果: 转染组Foxp3 mRNA 和蛋白的表达水平显著高于空质粒组和对照组;转染Foxp3后CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg细胞/CD4⁺细胞比例显著高于空质粒组和对照组;与空质粒组和对照组相比,转染pcDNA3.1(-)-Foxp3质粒明显抑制了脾淋巴细胞增殖;转染组细胞上清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量低于空质粒组和对照组。结论: 转染pcDNA3.1(-)-Foxp3至哮喘小鼠脾淋巴细胞,Foxp3得到有效表达。Foxp3的高表达能增加CD4⁺CD25⁺ T细胞的数量,抑制哮喘小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖以及Th1和Th2细胞因子的产生。     

Tim-3与肿瘤免疫的研究进展

肿瘤是威胁人类健康的重要疾病,其治疗一直是医学领域的难点.近些年来,以抗体为代表的免疫治疗策略在肿瘤治疗的相关研究中显示出了极大的优势.Tim-3是Tim家族的重要成员,主要表达于辅助性T细胞(Th1)等多种免疫细胞中,其通过与配体的相互作用,可以调节靶细胞的功能状态,在抗感染免疫、自身免疫中均发挥着重要的免疫调控作用,而它在抗肿瘤免疫中的功能也逐渐受到重视.针对Tim-3的靶向干预有望成为肿瘤的免疫治疗中的新策略.     

支气管哮喘病人T淋巴细胞亚群测定

本文应用抗人T淋巴细胞亚群单克隆抗体测定了90例哮喘儿童及32例正常对照儿童外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,结果表明哮喘病人无明显成熟T淋巴细胞、T_H亚群和T_s亚群异常。提示病人B淋巴细胞过度产生IgE可能是在更精细的水平上受T淋巴细胞所调节。     

半乳糖凝集素3对树突状细胞及T淋巴细胞功能影响的研究进展

半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)是半乳糖凝集素家族成员之一,它是半乳糖凝集素家族中唯一的嵌合型凝集素,存在于正常细胞和肿瘤细胞的胞核、胞质和细胞外基质中,能调节树突状细胞(DC)和T淋巴细胞的免疫功能,调节机体免疫应答和炎症反应。研究发现DC分泌Gal-3具有抑制自身凋亡、调节细胞因子生成以及调节T细胞应答等多种功能。同时Gal-3位于胞外和胞内对T淋巴细胞分别具有相反作用,胞外Gal-3诱导T细胞凋亡,胞内Gal-3抑制其凋亡。此外Gal-3在调节炎症反应中的起重要作用。     

IL-13中和抗体对哮喘小鼠恢复期气道炎症及Th1/Th2功能的影响

目的 探讨白细胞介素13（IL-13）中和抗体对哮喘小鼠恢复期气道炎症及Th1／Th2功能的影响。方法Balb/c小鼠24只,随机分为3组,即对照组、模型组、治疗组。模型组和治疗组用鸡卵清蛋白（0VA）致敏和激发,建立哮喘小鼠模型,对照组用生理盐水代替OVA。治疗组自最后一次激发后24h起,每48h注射IL-13中和抗体1次,连续14d,对照组和模型组则用生理盐水替代。结果治疗组肺组织病理切片较模型组相比,炎症细胞明显减少,肺气肿程度明显减轻。血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中,治疗组较模型组IL-4、OVA特异性IgE明显下降,IFN-γ明显增加,基本接近正常对照组。结论IL-13中和抗体对哮喘小鼠恢复期有明显的治疗作用,除能明显减轻气道炎症和肺气肿外,还能纠正哮喘小鼠体内存在的Th1／Th2细胞因子失调。     

桥本甲状腺炎T3,T4自身抗体对RIA测定值的影响

目的 探讨Ｔ３、Ｔ４自身抗体对放射免疫法（ＲＩＡ）Ｔ３、Ｔ４测定值的影响，建立测定ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４真实浓度方法。方法 应用抗体结合试验和抗体稀释滴度测定，检测桥本甲状腺炎患者血清存在Ｔ３、Ｔ４自身抗体。分段盐析血清蛋白和球蛋白，ＲＩＡ测定无球蛋白血样本ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４。结果 Ｔ３、Ｔ４自身抗体结合试验呈阳性。抗体稀释滴度１：６４时Ｔ３结合率，１：３２时，Ｔ４结合率才与正常人相似。盐析球蛋白Ｔ３抗体结合     

基于家系的Tim-3基因多态性与儿童变应性哮喘的关联研究

目的 以家系资料为基础,利用遗传不平衡原理探讨染色体5q33.2区Tim-3基因启动子两个多态性位点rs10053538和rs10515746与中国湖北地区汉族儿童变应性哮喘的关系.方法 应用限制性片段长度多态性技术结合测序方法,分析了118个儿童变应性哮喘核心家系Tim-3基因rs10053538和rs10515746的基因型;采用基于家系的关联分析方法,包括单体型相对风险分析(HRR)和传递不平衡检验(TDT),分析基因分型数据;应用Transmit软件构建单体型并进行单体型关联分析.结果 118个核心家庭HRR分析显示Tim-3基因启动子区两个多态性位点rs10053538和rs10515746不使病人具有更高的发病风险(X2=2.430,P>0.05;x2=1.368,P>0.05).118个满足经典TDT分析的核心家庭中,杂合子父母传递给患病子代的等位基因频率不比预期值高(x2=2.042,P>O.05;x2=0.750,P>O.05).Transmit双位点单体型分析也未见父母传递给子女各个单体型的观察值和期望值有明显差异(P>O.05).结论 中国湖北地区汉族人群中,Tim-3基因启动子区两个多态性位点rs10053538和rs10515746与儿童变应性哮喘不具有相关性.     

T3自身抗体对血中TT3和FT3测定的影响

Ｔ３自身抗体可存在于患甲状腺和非甲状腺疾病的病人中。当病人血中，ＴＴ３与Ｔ３自身抗体结合后，由于３自身抗体对放免测定的干扰作用，常常造成用放免法测定的血清部Ｔ３及流放Ｔ３的水平与临床症状不一致。这种现象可以在病人的初诊中或在病人的治疗中出现，极易造成误诊和不适当的治疗。因此，及时考虑Ｔ３自身抗体的存在是十分重要的。本文报道的二例Ｔ３自身抗体阳性病人便具有上述典型的干扰现象。     

哮喘患者外周血T淋巴细胞对VIP反应性的研究

目的:比较哮喘患者和正常对照者外周血T淋巴细胞对血管活性肠肽(VIP)的反应性差异。方法:分离缓解期哮喘患者和正常对照者外周血T淋巴细胞,以[³H]-TdR掺入率测定T淋巴细胞的增殖反应,以放射免疫法测定细胞内cAMP浓度(i),探讨VIP对ConA刺激细胞增殖反应的影响及其对i的调节作用在两种不同来源T淋巴细胞间的异同;此外还观察了Forskolin和NaF对上述来源细胞i影响差异。结果:两种来源T淋巴细胞对ConA的增殖反应相似(P＞0.05),然而,VIP对正常对照者T淋巴细胞的这种增殖反应的抑制效应却明显大于哮喘者T淋巴细胞(P＜0.01);这两种来源T淋巴细胞在静息时i基本相近,但VIP和NaF分别作用后对照组T淋巴细胞i增加幅度显著大于哮喘者T淋巴细胞;Forskolin作用后上述两种细胞i增加幅度相似(P＞0.05)。结论:在哮喘者VIP抑制ConA所致T淋巴细胞增殖能力减弱,可能与Gsα功能低下致其受体功能不全有关。     

靶向Tim-3药物研发进展

肿瘤微环境可诱导一些免疫检查点分子的高表达,以利于肿瘤细胞逃避免疫系统的识别和攻击.目前基于程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)、细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4(cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4,CTLA-4)以及T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3,Tim-3)等免疫检查点分子的靶向抗体药物研发已经取得了极大的进展,其中多种靶向PD-1和CTLA-4的抗体药物已被美国食品药品监督管理局(Food andDrug Administration,FDA)批准上市,虽然有部分患者经以上药物治疗后出现完全缓解或生存期延长,但尚存在较多患者出现耐药或没有缓解病情的状况.最新的研究发现,靶向PD-1治疗的耐药患者Tim-3表达上调,Tim-3也被认为是潜在的新一代肿瘤治疗靶点,Tim-3与PD-1的靶向联合治疗有可能成为研究的热点.现就国内外靶向Tim-3药物的研究现状做一综述.     

Galectin-9(Tim-3L)显著减弱小鼠移植排斥

目的 探究Galectin-9(即T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain protein-3 ligand,Tim-3L)的真核定位与功能,及其对同种异基因排斥反应的影响.方法 PCR扩增Galectin-9片段,插入到pEGFP-N1质粒,转染中国仓鼠卵巢癌细胞系(CHO)行G418筛选,分选增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)阳性细胞.免疫组化检测Galectin-9的表达,Alamar Blue法检测稳定转染Galectin-9的CHO细胞及其新鲜培养上清对脾细胞增殖的影响,ELISA检测IL-2水平.给予BALB/c→C57BL/6心脏移植受鼠Galectin-9蛋白100μg×7 d.结果 Galectin-9表达于细胞浆,稳定转染Galectin-9-EGFP的CHO细胞上清抑制淋巴细胞增殖和IL-2的产生.上述效应可被Tim-3-Fc融合蛋白逆转.Galectin-9干预的心脏移植物中位生存时间明显延长[(22.7±1.2)d,(7.2±0.4)d)].结论 真核细胞中Galectin-9可通过分泌形式负调节同种异基因免疫;Galectin-9有望成为新型的抗排斥药物.     

Tim-3及其配体Galectin-9与病毒感染的关系

T细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白3(Tim-3)基因是Tim家族成员,与其配体半乳凝素-9(Galectin-9)结合可显著抑制T细胞的活化和增殖,并调节细胞因子的表达和分泌.Tim-3/Galectin-9参与免疫反应的调节及抗病毒免疫反应,阻断此通路可促进CD8+T细胞应答和对病毒的控制.因此,Tim-3/Galectin-9通路可能与病毒感染慢性化有关.本文对Tim-3及其配体的生物学特性、功能及在病毒感染中的研究近况进行综述.     

Tim-3分子表达异常与原因不明复发性流产的关系

目的探究T细胞免疫球蛋白粘蛋白分子3（Tim-3）表达异常与不明原因复发性流产（URSA）的关系。方法选择31例URSA患者作为研究组,并以同期30例正常孕妇作为对照组。采用流式细胞术检测两组外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中CD4＋Tim-3＋细胞/CD4＋细胞的比例,Western Blot技术检测蜕膜中Tim-3蛋白的相对含量,并以免疫磁珠法分选CD4＋Tim-3＋细胞,荧光定量RT-PCR检测两组外周血PBMC、CD4＋Tim-3＋细胞及蜕膜组织中Tim-3 mRNA的表达。结果 URSA组中,PBMC中CD4＋Tim-3＋细胞/CD4＋细胞为5.23±0.96%,蜕膜中Tim-3蛋白的相对表达量为0.64±0.09,PBMC及蜕膜中Tim-3 mRNA的相对表达量为0.65±0.09及0.50±0.07,均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）。但是,URSA组CD4＋Tim-3＋细胞（Th1细胞）Tim-3 mRNA的表达量低于正常对照组,差异具有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论 Th1细胞Tim-3表达降低,Th1细胞过度活化可能参与了URSA的发生发展过程。     

miR-155调控Tim-3的表达影响泡沫细胞形成的机制研究

目的 miR-155可以通过干扰巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转化来抑制动脉粥样硬化的形成,但具体机制不是十分清楚.本研究主要观察miR-155对巨噬细胞中Tim-3表达的影响,同时探讨了Tim-3在miR-155调控巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞转化过程中的作用.方法 培养人THP-1巨噬细胞,将miR-155 mimics、Ad-Tim-3转染到THP-1巨噬细胞中,实时荧光定量PCR和Western印迹检测相关基因的表达;液体闪烁计数测定THP-1巨噬细胞内胆固醇流出情况,HPLC检测胞内脂质含量;油红O染色显示胞内脂滴情况.结果 转染miR-155 mimics的THP-1巨噬细胞中Tim-3的表达水平被明显抑制,并呈时间依赖性;miR-155 mimics组细胞内胆固醇流出增加,胞内总胆固醇TC、胆固醇酯CE及游离胆固醇FC的含量明显减少,而转染Ad-Tim-3组和miR-155 mimics + Ad-Tim-3组则刚好出现相反的结果;结论 miR-155可以通过抑制巨噬细胞内Tim-3信号通路的活性来阻止巨噬细胞向泡沫细胞的转化.     

Up-regulation of Tim-3 is associated with poor prognosis of patients with colon cancer

Tim-3 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3), belonging to the member of the novel Tim family, has been confirmed that it plays a critical negative role in regulating the immune responses against viral infection and carcinoma. Recently, it has also been reported that the over-expression of Tim-3 is associated with poor prognosis in solid tumors. However, the role of Tim-3 in colorectal cancer remains largely unknown. In the current study, we aim to investigate the expression of Tim-3 in colorectal carcinoma and discuss the relationship between Tim-3 expression and colon cancer prognosis, thus speculating the possible role of Tim-3 in colon cancer progression. Colon cancer tissues and paired normal tissue were obtained from 201 patients with colon cancer for preparation of tissue microarray. Tim-3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. The Tim-3 expression level was evaluated by q-RT-PCR, western blot and immunocytochemistry in four colon cancer cell lines (HT-29, HCT116, LoVo, SW620). Tim-3 was expressed in 92.5% tumor tissue samples and 86.5% corresponding normal tissue samples. Expression of Tim-3 was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.0001). Tim-3 expression in colon cancer tissues is in correlation with colon cancer lymphatic metastasis and TNM (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Tim-3 expression could be a potential independent prognostic factor for colon cancer patients (P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis result showed that patients with higher Tim-3 expression had a significantly shorter survival time than those with lower Tim-3 expression patients. Our results indicated that Tim-3 might participate in the tumorgenesis of colon cancer and Tim-3 expression might be a potential independent prognostic factor for patients with colorectal cancer.     

Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity

Immunotherapy is being increasingly recognized as a key therapeutic modality to treat cancer and represents one of the most exciting treatments for the disease. Fighting cancer with immunotherapy has revolutionized treatment for some patients and therapies targeting the immune checkpoint molecules such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 have achieved durable responses in melanoma, renal cancer, Hodgkin's diseases and lung cancer. However, the success rate of these treatments has been low and a large number of cancers, including colorectal cancer remain largely refractory to CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade. This has provided impetus to identify other co-inhibitory receptors that could be exploited to enhance response rates of current immunotherapeutic agents and achieve responses to the cancers that are refectory to immunotherapy. Tim-3 is a co-inhibitory receptor that is expressed on IFN-g-producing T cells, FoxP3+ Treg cells and innate immune cells (macrophages and dendritic cells) where it has been shown to suppress their responses upon interaction with their ligand(s). Tim-3 has gained prominence as a potential candidate for cancer immunotherapy, where it has been shown that in vivo blockade of Tim-3 with other check-point inhibitors enhances anti-tumor immunity and suppresses tumor growth in several preclinical tumor models. This review discusses the recent findings on Tim-3, the role it plays in regulating immune responses in different cell types and the rationale for targeting Tim-3 for effective cancer immunotherapy.     

Expression of Tim-3 in gastric cancer tissue and its relationship with prognosis

As a negative regulatory molecule, T-cell immunoglobulin–and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3) plays a crucial role in the tumor immunological tolerance. In the present study, we aimed to determine the Tim-3 expression in gastric cancer tissue and its relationship with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. The Tim-3 expression was assessed in 52 gastric cancer specimens and 15 gastritis tissues by flow cytometry, and gastritis tissues served as the control. As a result, we found that the Tim-3 expressions on CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells in gastric cancer tissue was significantly higher than those in gastritis tissue (P=0.022, P=0.047, respectively). The median expression level of Tim-3 on CD4⁺T cells were significantly correlated with clinicopathological parameters, such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, the depth of tumor invasion and TNM staging (P=0.042, P=0.026, P=0.001, P=0.003, respectively), while it was not correlated with sex, age and histological subtype (all P>0.05). In CD8⁺T cells, the Tim-3 expression was relevant to tumor invasion and TNM staging (P=0.035, P=0.017, respectively), while it was irrelevant to other clinicopathological parameters (all P>0.05). Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the median overall survival time of patients with lower Tim-3 expression was greater than that of patients with higher Tim-3 expression in CD4⁺T cells and CD8⁺T cells (χ²=18.036, P<0.001 and χ²=18.036, P<0.001, respectively). Moreover, the multivariate analysis revealed that the Tim-3 expression and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer patients (P=0.029, P=0.043 and P=0.003, respectively). These results suggest that Tim-3 played an important role in the development and progression of gastric cancer, and it could be used as an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer patients.     

广东籍汉族人Tim-3启动子区-574突变频率的检测

目的建立一种简便、准确、实用的人Tim-3启动子-574区基因突变频率的检测方法,了解广东汉族人Tim-3启动子区-574基因的分布特点。方法应用等位基因特异性聚合酶链反应(AS-PCR)特异性扩增178例广东籍汉族人正常人Tim-3启动子区-574基因序列。结果健康人群Tim-3启动子区-574位G/G、G/T和T/T基因型频率分别是0.8539、0.1348和0.0112,Tim-3启动子区-574位G,T基因频率分别为0.9347、0.0659。结论该方法简便、快速、准确,适合于一般实验室检测及大规模的人群调查,广东汉族人群Tim-3启动子区-574位存在单核苷酸多态性变异,广东汉族人人Tim-3启动子-574区基因的分布与其他地区人群的分布无明显差异。