声门上癌术后颈淋巴结的转移与再发

目的探讨选择性颈廓清术在声门上癌手术治疗中的作用。方法总结１９８１～１９９３年治疗的５８２例声门上癌术后颈淋巴结转移及廓清侧转移淋巴结再发情况。结果Ｔ３、Ｔ４病例３９２例（６７．４％），而Ｔ３Ｎ＋、Ｔ４Ｎ＋１４７例（３７．５％）。Ｔ３、Ｔ４占全组Ｎ＋的８６．５％（１４７／１７０）。Ｎ０未行颈廓清术１２６例，术后发生同侧及双侧颈淋巴结转移３３例，其９０．９％在Ｔ３、Ｔ４组（３０／３３）。Ｎ０行选择性颈廓清术２８６例，术后发生对侧转移４０例，其７５％也在Ｔ３、Ｔ４组（３０／４０）。对二次住院治疗的１６３例进行了随访。二期选择性颈廓清组３、５年生存率为８６．７％及７７．８％，术后转移组及术后再发组分别为６４．８％、３２．５％及３３．３％、３０．８％。组间有明显差异。结论对声门上癌Ｔ３、Ｔ４的Ｎ０病例应行选择性颈廓清术。出现转移后再行颈廓清术者疗效明显下降。声门上癌部分Ｔ２Ｎ０病例（如杓会厌皱襞癌、杓区癌或杓区受累、肿瘤＞２．０ｃｍ、溃疡型、周边呈浸润生长等）也不属早期病例，应行选择性颈廓清术     

晚期喉癌的局部转移

研究晚期喉鳞状细胞癌病人的局部转移手术后对局部、远端肿瘤复发、无复发、生存率等的影响。选择１５９例接受常规手术和放疗的病人，其中声门上癌９７例，声门癌６０例，声门下癌２例，多数肿瘤为Ｔａ（１０４例），Ｔ４（４１例），Ｎｏ（９１例），１５例临床上有阳性淋巴结，仅１５例声门上癌行水平部分喉切除，其余均行全喉切除术，Ｔ３Ｎ０肿瘤行全喉切除，若术中未发现阳性淋巴结则不施颈廓清术。Ｔ４Ｎ０肿瘤在行全喉切除时行改良或传统的根治性颈廓清，若发现阳性淋巴结均行根治性颈廓清。７９％切除标本组织病理学发现阳性淋巴结…     

声门上型喉癌颈部淋巴结转移N1的处理与转归

为探讨声让上型喉型癌颈部淋巴结转移更好的处理方法，回顾性分析了９１７９年－１９９０年１１１例声门上型喉癌ｃＴ１－４Ｎ１患者病例资料，通过对颈部淋巴结的处理方式与转移或复发部位之间关系的探讨，发现Ｎ１病变对侧颈部淋巴结的潜在性转移有较高比例，其中尤以同侧颈清扫标本阳性的Ｔ３，４病变明显，为３８．６％。     

单蒂胸骨舌骨肌瓣在舌根肿瘤手术中的应用

作者自１９９２年以来，用单蒂胸骨舌骨肌瓣修复舌根异位甲状腺、喉癌侵犯舌根手术后的缺损，取得了比较满意的效果。１ 临床资料 ２例舌根部异位甲状腺患者均为女性，年龄各为１３岁和２９岁。同位素扫描示颈部甲状腺正常，完整切除舌根异位甲状腺。术后甲状腺功能无异常，吞咽、呼吸及发音功能良好，顺利拔除气管套管。 ４例晚期声门上型喉鳞癌均为男性，年龄５０～７７岁。ＴＮＭ分类分别为：Ｔ４Ｎ２Ｍ０、Ｔ４Ｎ１Ｍ０、Ｔ３Ｎ０Ｍ０、Ｔ３Ｎ０Ｍ０。其中２例有颈淋巴结转移者手术同时行颈廓清术。术后并发症：１例发生咽瘘，１例出现…     

声门上型喉癌颈部淋巴结转移N1的处理与转归

为探讨声门上型喉癌颈部淋巴结转移更好的处理方法，回顾性分析１９７９年～１９９０年１１１例声门上型喉癌ｃＴ１－４Ｎ１患者病例资料，通过对颈部淋巴结的处理方式与转移或复发部位之间关系的探讨，发现Ｎ１病变对侧颈部淋巴结的潜在性转移有较高比例，其中尤以同侧颈清扫标本阳性的Ｔ３、４病变明显，为３８．６％。单纯手术组对侧颈部淋巴结转移率高于放疗＋手术组，经统计学处理差异有显著性，提示放疗对颈部淋巴结潜在转移有一定的控制作用。     

环状软骨上喉部分切除术斩探讨

目的 通过对１８例喉癌患者的手术治疗，就环状软骨上喉部分切除术的有关问题进行探讨。方法 声门癌Ｔ１ＮｏＭｏ１例，Ｔ２ＮｏＭｏ９例，Ｔ３ＮｏＭｏ２例，跨声门癌Ｔ３Ｎ１Ｍｏ３例，Ｔ３Ｎ２Ｍｏ１例，Ｔ２ＮｏＭｏ放射治疗后复发１例，声门下癌Ｔ４ＮｏＭｏ１例；应用三种不同的环状软骨上喉部分切除术技术进行治疗。结果 ３年生存率９４．４％。所有患者均于术后第７￣４２天（平均１７天）拨除气管套管，拨管率１００％；     

双侧根治性颈廓清术中颈内静脉的处理(摘要)

双侧根治性颈廓清术中颈内静脉的处理（摘要）郑美桦，栾信庸，潘新良报告１９９３－１９９６年收治５例下咽癌并双侧颈部淋巴结转移患者，均为男性，平均年龄为５４岁。病程半年内者３例，１～２年者２例。临床诊断：下咽癌Ｔ３Ｎ２ｂＭ０３例，Ｔ４Ｎ２αＭ０２例。病理...     

头颈鳞癌颈部N0的局限性颈清扫术

目的：头颈部肿瘤颈部Ｎ０的处理有不同意见。本文提供两组病例：一组为１４９例喉癌声门上型;一组为２１９例舌活动部癌。试图从这两组患者治疗结果讨论了Ｎ０适宜治疗。方法;我科于１９７６－１９９０年外科或综合治疗声门上型喉癌１４９例１９６０－１９９３年外科或放射治疗舌活动部鳞癌２１９例。这两类病种均易有颈淋巴结转移,均为Ｔ１－４Ｎ０病例。声门上癌颈部做上颈清扫术。     

头颈部鳞状上皮细胞癌部N0的处理——声门上型喉癌

对声门上型喉癌颈部无肿大转移淋巴结患者，进行回顾性分析，探讨适宜的处理方案。我院自１９７６年至１９９０年共外科治疗１６２例Ｔ１￣４Ｎ０患者。原发处进行各类学术治疗，颈部做上颈淋巴结切除术。有１３例冰冻病理检查阳性，即做颈清扫术。１４９例病理阴性者观察随诊５年。颈部复发或转移者１５例，颈部失败率为１０．１％。全组５年生存率：Ｔ１Ｎ０为９２．８％，Ｔ２Ｎ０为８６．５％，Ｔ３Ｎ０为６９．７％，Ｔ４Ｎ０为     

声门上型喉癌的颈显微转移与迟发转移

对１４７例双侧或对侧无临床淋巴结转移（ｃＮ０）的声门型喉癌作了颈显微转移和迟发转移观察。结果显示Ｔ１～Ｔ４双侧ｃＮ０的同侧显微转移率分别为０／１、２２．５％、３１．６％和３７，５％，平均２６．３％；同侧迟发转移率分别为１／３、２／１１、２／６和２／３，平均３０．４％；对侧迟发转移率分别为０／４、６．１％、８．０％和１８．２％，平均７．９％。Ｔ２～Ｔ４对侧ｃＮ０的对侧迟发转移率分别为９．５％、２６．１％和２８．６％，平均１９．６％。此数据对于决定ｃＮ０者是否行预防性颈廓清术有重要参考意义。     

CO2激光手术治疗声门上型喉癌

目的 总结CO2激光手术治疗声门上型喉癌的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析1995年2月至2005年6月CO2激光手术治疗的32例声门上型喉癌患者临床资料.32例患者中T1N0M0 20例,T1N1M0 2例,T2N0M0 8例,T2N1M0 2例,全部病例术后随诊3年以上.喉部肿瘤均经口行激光手术,同期行择区性(Ⅱ-Ⅳ区)颈清扫术12例,改良全颈清扫术4例.结果 KaplanMeier法统计5年生存率为90.6%,其中T1病变5年生存率为95.6%,T2病变为78.2%.喉的局部控制率为96.8%;喉局部和颈部区域5年控制率为90.3%,其中T1病变5年局部区域控制率为90.9%,T2病变为89.0%.喉部局部复发2例,1例再治疗行喉水平垂直部分切除术,1例行喉全切除术.颈部区域复发2例,其中1例喉部复发伴颈淋巴转移,再治疗后存活;1例颈部复发,治疗后再次颈部复发并伴肺转移死亡.4例患者出现较轻并发症,保守治疗后好转.除1例患者因局部复发行喉全切除外,其余存活患者喉功能良好.结论 激光治疗早期声门上型喉癌创伤小、疗效可靠,是一种理想的治疗方式.     

Is routine bilateral neck dissection absolutely necessary in the management of N0 neck in patients with supraglottic carcinoma?

The supraglottic larynx has a rich lymphatic network that places patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinomas at high risk for early dissemination of the disease into the cervical lymphatics. Therefore, elective neck treatment of clinically N0 neck in patients with supraglottic carcinomas is widely accepted as a standard approach. However, the issue whether elective neck treatment should routinely be directed on both sides of the neck is still controversial. The present study is aimed at determining whether T2–T4 stage supraglottic carcinomas require bilateral neck dissection in the management of N0 necks. We designed a prospective study on 72 patients with N0 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma. Patients were divided into three groups according to the site and extension of the primary tumors. Group I consisted of 21 patients with lateralized (clear lateral) lesion reaching but not crossing the midline. Group II comprised 25 patients with cancer largely involving one side and crossing to the midline. Group III included 26 patients with carcinoma equally involving both sides of the larynx or growth into the midline larynx. All patients underwent bilateral lateral neck dissection in conjunction with various types of laryngectomies selected to the status of the primary. Of the 72 patients, 16 were found to have occult regional metastases in pathologic examination (9 pN1, 4 pN2b, 3 pN2c). The prevalence of occult metastases proportionally increased with T stage from 8.3 to 22.7 and 31.2%, respectively, for T2, T3 and T4. Bilateral neck metastases were found in 2 of 26 patients (7.7%) with central lesions. There was only one patient (4%) with both ipsilateral and contralateral lymph node metastasis in group II. None of the 21 patients with lateral lesion (group I) had contralateral neck metastasis. Routine bilateral elective neck dissection may not be a part of the surgical procedure in all supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma patients. Bilateral neck dissection should be preferred for cases with central tumors and lateral tumors with positive nodes in the ipsilateral side of the neck.     

声门上型喉癌的分区性颈清扫术

目的;探讨分区性（局限性）颈清扫术治疗声门上型喉癌的作用。方法 根据喉的淋巴引流解剖特点,设计了上颈淋巴结清扫术（颈内静脉上组）对１９７６～１９９０年入院治疗的１６８你声门上型喉癌患者（其中Ｎ０１４９例,Ｎ１１９例）采用了此术处理颈部,结果：１６８例上颈淋巴结病理检查均无淋巴结转移。５年观察后有１７例出现颈部转移,其颈部复发率与经典性全颈清扫术相同,全组５年生存率７２．６％（１２２／１２８）结论。     

Selective neck dissection (IIA, III): a rational replacement for complete functional neck dissection in patients with N0 supraglottic and glottic squamous carcinoma

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal elective treatment of the neck for patients with supraglottic and glottic squamous carcinoma. During the past century, various types of necks dissection have been employed including conventional and modified radical neck dissection (MRND), selective neck dissection (SND) and various modifications of SND. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A number of studies were reviewed to compare the results of MRND and SND in regional recurrence and survival of patients with supraglottic and glottic cancers, as well as the distribution of lymph node metastases in these tumors. RESULTS: Data from seven prospective, multi-institutional, pathologic, and molecular analyses of neck dissection specimens, obtained from 272 patients with laryngeal squamous carcinoma and clinically negative necks, revealed only four patients (1.4%) with positive lymph nodes at sublevel IIB. Data was also collected from three prospective, multi-institutional, pathologic and molecular studies of neck dissection specimens which include 175 patients with laryngeal squamous carcinoma (only 2 with subglottic cancer) and clinically negative necks. Only six patients (3.4%) had positive nodes at level IV. CONCLUSIONS: SND of sublevel IIA and level III appears to be adequate for elective surgical treatment of the neck in supraglottic and glottic squamous carcinoma. Dissection of level IV lymph nodes may not be justified for elective neck dissection of stage N0 supraglottic and glottic squamous carcinoma. Bilateral neck dissection in cases of supraglottic cancer may be necessary only in patients with centrally or bilaterally located tumors.     

Treatment of the Clinically Negative Neck in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Objective: To define the most effect treatment plan of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma with clinically negative (N0) neck staging. Study Design: Retrospective review of 54 patients with N0 neck staging who underwent resection of an oral cavity primary tumor with or without elective neck dissection between January 1982 and December 1992 and with a minimum follow-up of 3 years. Methods: The records of 54 patients with previously untreated oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma and N0 neck staging were retrospectively reviewed to determine the impact of elective neck dissection on patient outcomes including regional recurrence and overall survival. Results: All patients underwent surgical resection of their oral cavity tumors, with 33 patients undergoing “watchful waiting” observation for the development of neck disease while 21 patients had elective neck dissections. The most controversial group of patients were those with intermediate-sized (T2 and T3) primary tumors. Eighteen of these patients underwent elective neck dissection, with two patients developing recurrent neck disease and an ultimate prognosis of 72%. Twelve patients had observation of their necks, with five of these patients subsequently requiring neck dissection. An additional seven patients did not undergo neck dissection, and this group had four survivors free of disease. The prognosis was 42% in patients not having elective neck dissections. Conclusions: Tl tumors do well with neck treatment other than careful observation. The data suggest that patients with T2 and T3 oral squamous cell carcinoma should undergo surgical resection of their primary tumor site and elective neck dissection. Patients with T4 oral cavity lesions should routinely undergo neck dissection.     

声门上型喉癌患者两期双侧颈淋巴结清扫术的疗效比较

目的 :总结双侧颈淋巴结清扫术在处理声门上型喉癌颈部淋巴结转移癌中的临床意义。方法 :对76例声门上型喉癌患者在切除原发灶同时 ,将术前诊断双侧颈淋巴结转移的 33例进行同期双侧颈清扫术 (同期清扫组 ) ;一侧颈部淋巴结转移的 43例行一侧颈清扫术 ,随诊中发现对侧转移再行 2期对侧颈清扫术 (分期清扫组 )。结果 :同期清扫组 3年生存率为 81.5 % (2 2 / 2 7) ,5年生存率 6 1.5 % (16 / 2 6 ) ;1例术后当天死于脑压增高。分期清扫组 3年生存率为 6 9.2 % (2 7/ 39) ,5年生存率 2 7.8% (10 / 36 ) ;1例术后当天呼吸道梗阻死亡。结论 :声门上型喉癌双侧颈转移淋巴结同期清扫术 ,比双侧分期清扫术期能明显提高患者的生存率。术中尽可能保留双侧颈内静脉 ,必要时行血管吻合重建颈内静脉 ,能减少术后的并发症。     

Upper neck (level II) dissection for N0 neck supraglottic carcinoma

OBJECTIVES: Elective neck dissection for the N0 neck in head and neck surgery is still controversial. This prospective nonrandomized study of N0 supraglottic carcinoma was designed to find an appropriate method of neck management. STUDY DESIGN: Anatomical studies show that the first echelon of lymphatic drainage from the supraglottic larynx is toward the upper jugular nodes (level II). An upper neck dissection (UND) was applied and all the lymph nodes were sent for frozen section. If the subclinical metastasis was found, a modified neck dissection was performed. If the nodes harbored no foci of cancer, the patients were observed after surgery on the supraglottic lesions. METHODS: Patient records of 142 patients with supraglottic laryngeal cancer (T1-4N0M0) were reviewed, with special attention paid to neck recurrences and survival rates. The cases were treated between 1976 and 1990 and all were observed for at least 5 years after the operation or until the time of death. RESULTS: The UND specimens of 142 patients were negative for metastasis. The 5-year survival rate for this group after surgery was 80.8%, according to the life table analysis. Fifteen of the 142 patients (10.6%) had neck recurrences during the period of observation within 5 years. The recurrence rate of this series with limited dissection on the neck was comparable with those reported in the literature after neck dissection, either radical or modified. CONCLUSIONS: There is no need for a comprehensive neck dissection for N0 supraglottic laryngeal cancer. A selective neck dissection such as UND (level II) or a supraomohyoid neck dissection (sparing the submandibular region) of level II and III will serve the purpose of radical neck treatment for the supraglottic cancer.     

The use of clinical criteria alone in the management of the clinically negative neck among patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx

BACKGROUND: Management of the clinically negative neck among patients with oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia has been based on the site and stage of the primary cancer, the likely incidence of microscopic nodal involvement, the treatment modality used for the primary cancer, and whether the neck will be entered during resection or reconstruction. This report analyzes the results of treatment when patients are allocated to either treatment or observation of the neck based on these clinical factors. METHODS: This is a prospectively documented series of 162 consecutively treated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx and clinically negative necks, treated by 1 surgeon (C.J.O.). There were 128 oral cavity and 34 oropharyngeal cancers clinically staged at T1 for 62 patients, T2 for 61, T3 for 16, and T4 for 23 patients. Management of the neck consisted of elective neck dissection (END) in 96 patients (12 bilateral), elective radiotherapy in 8, and observation in 58. Neck treatment correlated with the T stage in a statistically significant way. Forty-six patients underwent postoperative radiotherapy, which was directed to the neck in 22 patients because of pathological findings following neck dissection. Free-flap reconstruction was used in 90 patients. RESULTS: Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma was identified in 32 of 108 neck dissections (30%). There was 1 positive node in 15 necks, 2 positive nodes in 11 necks, and 3 or more positive nodes in 6 necks. Extracapsular spread was present in 8 of 32 positive END specimens (25%). Regional control rates in the neck at 3 years were 94% for END, 100% for elective radiotherapy, and 98% for patients initially observed and then treated by therapeutic neck dissection. Death with uncontrolled disease in the neck occurred in 4 of 96 patients (4%) after END and 1 of 58 patients (2%) after neck observation. Overall disease-specific survival was 83%, comprising an 86% rate for patients with pathologically negative necks and 68% if pathologically positive. Disease-specific survival was 86% at 3 years for patients having END, 67% following radiotherapy, and 94% for the observation group. CONCLUSIONS: Elective neck dissection was performed in most patients, and occult metastatic disease was found in nearly 30% of neck dissections. Observation was most frequently used for patients with early stage disease, and subsequent development of neck metastases was uncommon (9%) in this group. Selective treatment of the clinically negative neck based on the primary tumor site and stage led to a high rate of regional disease control in this series.     

改良性颈廓清术在声门上型喉癌患者中的应用

目的 :为提高声门上型喉癌患者的生存率和生存质量 ,总结颈廓清术中保留颈内静脉的临床经验。方法 :88例声门上型喉癌患者中 ,在原发灶切除同时 ,共进行 146侧 (双侧 116例 ,单侧 30例 )颈廓清术 ,其中改良颈廓清 (MND)10 6侧 ,根治颈廓清 (RND) 4 0侧。双颈廓清术 5 8例 ,其中同期双颈廓清 32例 ,18例保留双侧颈内静脉 ,14例保留一侧颈内静脉 ;分期双颈廓清 2 6例 ,第一次均为 RND,第二次均为 MND。 30例行一侧颈廓清术 ,术中均保留颈内静脉。结果 :患者 3年生存率同期双颈廓清 81.5 % (2 2 / 2 7) ,分期双颈廓清 6 0 .9% (14/ 2 3) ,一侧颈廓清 75 % (15 / 2 0 )。5年生存率同期双颈廓清 6 1.5 % (16 / 2 6 ) ,分期双颈廓清 40 .9% (9/ 2 2 ) ,一侧颈廓清 70 .6 % (12 / 17)。 MND最大淋巴结直径≤ 3cm,术后复发率 12 .9% (11/ 85 ) ,>3cm者复发率为 47.6 % (10 / 2 1) ,总复发率为 19.8% (2 1/ 10 6 )。 RND术后颈淋巴结复发率为2 2 .5 % (9/ 40 )。结论 :声门上型喉癌常有双颈淋巴结转移 ,需行双颈廓清术 ,并必须保留一侧颈内静脉。在淋巴结小于3cm ,肉眼观与颈内静脉无粘连时保留颈内静脉 ,不增加淋巴结复发率 ,减少并发症 ,并提高生存质量。     

声门上型喉癌颈淋巴隐匿性转移及其处理

目的 探讨声门上型喉癌颈淋巴隐匿性转移规律及其处理方法。方法 选择术前未行放疗、化疗的声门上喉鳞状细胞癌，临床N0M0病例，共30例，男19例，女11例；年龄40～72岁，平均54．8岁；按UICC(1997年)标准分期1、28例，1318例，T44例。行主病变侧肩胛舌骨肌上颈清扫术(supraomohyoid neck dissecton，SOHND)，将获得淋巴结逐一行病理组织学检查，观察其转移规律及临床治疗效果。结果 首次颈清扫术30例中有6例颈淋巴结转移癌阳性，在2～3年随访中有3例发生对侧颈淋巴结转移，计有9例颈淋巴转移，隐匿性转移率同侧为20％(6／30)，对侧为10％(3／30)。颈清扫术共获淋巴结527个，平均每侧17．6个。获转移阳性淋巴结10个，其中Ⅱ区9个，Ⅲ区1个，Ⅰ区无癌转移。喉及主病变侧颈部均无复发，2年无瘤生存率86．7％(26／30)。结论 声门上型喉癌颈淋巴结隐匿性转移率达30％，采用Ⅱ、Ⅲ区的择区性颈清扫术处理其颈淋巴结(Ⅰ区可不必作为常规清扫区域)是切实可行的。