5种中药制剂对急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用

目的 研究5种中药制剂对急性肺损伤小鼠的保护作用.方法 以地塞米松磷酸钠注射液为阳性药,研究双黄连冻干粉针、鱼腥草注射液、注射用灯盏花素、苦参素注射液、注射用甘草酸二胺等5种中药制剂对油酸致小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用;检测各组小鼠的肺脏器指数,肺组织中GSH、MDA的水平,并观察肺组织的病理变化.结果 与模型组比较,双黄连冻干粉针可显著降低小鼠的肺脏器指数;鱼腥草注射液可对抗油酸诱导小鼠肺损伤的作用,显著降低肺组织中的MDA水平;两者均可显著改善小鼠的肺组织结构;注射用灯盏花素有降低小鼠肺脏器指数的作用,但与模型组比较无统计学差异.结论 双黄连冻干粉针及鱼腥草注射液对油酸诱导的小鼠肺损伤具一定的保护作用,这可能与其抗氧化作用有关.     

Protective effects of pravastatin in murine lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury

1. The present study was designed to determine whether pravastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, could attenuate acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in BALB/c mice. 2. Acute lung injury was induced successfully by intratracheal administraiton of LPS (3 microg/g) in BALB/c mice. Pravastatin (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to mice 24 h prior to and then again concomitant with LPS exposure. 3. Challenge with LPS alone produced a significant increase in lung index and the wet/dry weight ratio compared with control animals. Pulmonary microvascular leakage, as indicated by albumin content in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and extravasation of Evans blue dye albumin into lung tissue, was apparently increased in LPS-exposed mice. Lipopolysaccharide exposure also produced a significant lung inflammatory response, reflected by myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cell counts in BALF. Furthermore, histological examination showed that mice exposed to LPS also exhibited prominent inflammatory cell infiltration and occasional alveolar haemorrhage. 4. Pravastatin (3, 10 or 30 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a significant reduction in multiple indices of LPS-induced pulmonary vascular leak and inflammatory cell infiltration into lung tissue. Elevated tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels in lung tissue homogenates of ALI mice were significantly decreased after administration of 10 or 30 mg/kg pravastatin. 5. These findings confirm significant protection by pravastatin against LPS-induced lung vascular leak and inflammation and implicate a potential role for statins in the management of ALI. The inhibitory effect of pravastatin was associated with its effect in decreasing TNF-alpha.     

Protective effect of acacetin on sepsis-induced acute lung injury via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity

Sepsis is a clinical syndrome with no effective protective or therapeutic treatments. Acacetin, a natural flavonoid compound, has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects which can potentially work to reduce sepsis. We investigated the potential protective effect of acacetin on sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) ALI and dissect out the underlying mechanisms. Mice were divided into five groups: a sham group, a sepsis-induced ALI group, and three sepsis groups pre-treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg body weight of acacetin. We found that acacetin significantly attenuated sepsis-induced ALI, in histological examinations and lung edema. Additionally, acacetin treatment decreased protein and inflammatory cytokine concentration and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cells in BALF compared with that in the non-treated sepsis mice. Pulmonary myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was lower in the acacetin-pre-treated sepsis groups than in the sepsis group. The mechanism underlying the protective effect of acacetin on sepsis is related to the regulation of certain antioxidation genes, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), superoxide dismutases (SODs), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1).Taken together, our results indicate that acacetin pre-treatment inhibits sepsis-induced ALI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity, suggesting that acacetin may be a potential protective agent for sepsis-induced ALI.     

Protective effects of hochu-ekki-to, a Chinese traditional herbal medicine against murine cytomegalovirus infection.

The innate immunity against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) at the early phase of infection is mediated by NK cells and macrophages. We studied the effects of hochu-ekki-to (HET), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on the regulation of innate immunity mediated by NK cells and macrophages. We found the oral administration of HET to increase both the number of leukocytes in the spleen and liver and the splenic NK cell cytotoxicity associated with the increased induction of serum IFN-alpha/beta after an MCMV infection but it had no effect on liver NK cells. However, no differences were found in the serum IL-12, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) production in the culture of macrophages between the HET- and PBS-treated mice on day 2 after MCMV infection. In addition, HET-treated splenic and peritoneal macrophages were found to show a higher intrinsic resistance against in vitro MCMV infection than that of PBS-treated mice. Therefore, the HET-induced effects on NK cells and macrophages selectively reduced the viral load in the spleen but not in the liver at an early phase of MCMV infection. HET may thus be useful in the treatment of human cytomegalovirus infection which commonly occurs in HIV-infected AIDS patients.     

Shikonin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway

Shikonin, an analog of naphthoquinone pigments isolated from the root of Lithospermum erythrorhyzon, was recently reported to exert beneficial anti-inflammatory effects both in vivo and in vitro. The present study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of shikonin in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Dexamethasone was used as a positive control to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of shikonin in the study. Pretreatment with shikonin (intraperitoneal injection) significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the macrophage and neutrophil infiltration of lung tissues and markedly attenuated myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, shikonin significantly reduced the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid induced by LPS. Compared with the LPS group, lung histopathologic changes were less pronounced in the shikonin-pretreated mice. Additionally, Western blotting results showed that shikonin efficiently decreased nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting the degradation and phosphorylation of IκBα. These results suggest that shikonin exerts anti-inflammatory properties in LPS-mediated ALI, possibly through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which mediates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Shikonin may be a potential agent for the prophylaxis of ALI.     

中药治疗急性肝损伤作用机制研究进展

急性肝损伤是短期内突发的肝细胞损害,与药物中毒、病毒感染、免疫反应、缺血-再灌注等因素有关。中药因多靶点、多成分共同作用,在治疗急性肝损伤方面具有很大优势。中药治疗急性肝损伤的作用机制主要涉及改善体内氧化应激和炎症反应状态、抑制肝细胞纤维化和肝细胞凋亡的发生。本文对急性肝损伤的病因及中药治疗急性肝损伤的研究进行综述,为防治急性肝损伤的新药研发提供理论依据。     

Therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name: Ninjin'yoeito) on nitric oxide-mediated lung injury in a mouse infected with murine cytomegalovirus

The therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine ren-shen-yang-rong-tang (Japanese name: Ninjin'yoeito, NYT) on murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-associated pneumonitis was examined. In MCMV-pneumonitis, IFN-gamma-induced nitric oxide (NO) mediates its pathogenesis. When mice, which had been infected with 0.2LD(50) of MCMV at 28 days previously, were intraperitoneally injected with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), MCMV-pneumonitis was induced in the lung, where high amounts of IFN-gamma-producing cells thereafter accumulated, accompanied by an elevation in the NO level in the serum and abundant expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA, thus resulting in all mice eventually dying. When the mice were orally treated with NYT (1000 mg/kg/day) once on the day of mAb injection and once the day after, the expression level of iNOS-mRNA was suppressed and NO level in the serum decreased. The survival rate improved from 0% to 57.1%. The pathological findings of the lungs in the NYT-treated mice were comparable to those of the uninfected controls. In contrast, NYT itself did not affect either the ratio of IFN-gamma-producing cells or MCMV titer. As a result, NYT had a therapeutic effect on MCMV-pneumonitis by decreasing the degree of inflammation mediated by the IFN-gamma-induced NO. It is also interesting to note that only two oral administrations of NYT had a therapeutic effect on viral disease.     

斑马鱼炎症模型及其在中药抗炎领域的应用

中药抗炎在近年来已成为一个重要的研究领域,中药制剂的抗炎临床研究已经取得了一定进展,但具体活性成分及作用机制仍需进一步明确。斑马鱼由于其独特的生物学优势,目前已被广泛应用于中药抗炎活性的筛选。综合近年来国内外有关斑马鱼模型在中药抗炎领域的报道,从已构建的斑马鱼炎症模型、斑马鱼模型中的炎症介质、斑马鱼模型在中药抗炎药物筛选中的应用3个方面对斑马鱼炎症模型及其在中药抗炎领域的研究进展进行综述,以期为模式生物斑马鱼在中药抗炎领域的研究应用提供新思路,为抗炎中药的开发与利用提供借鉴参考。     

银杏叶提取物注射液对脂多糖致大鼠急性肺损伤肺组织的保护作用

目的 观察银杏叶提取物注射液（GBE）对脂多糖（LPS）致大鼠急性肺损伤（ALI）肺组织的保护作用及其可能机制。方法 24只健康雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、LPS组和GBE组,每组8只。尾静脉注射LPS建立ALI模型,光镜下观察大鼠肺组织形态学改变;检测肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶活性（SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）含量及血清中白细胞介素-6（IL-6）的表达变化。结果 与对照组相比,LPS组肺组织中SOD活性降低、MDA含量增加、血清中IL-6含量增加（P<0.05）;应用GBE后,肺组织SOD活性升高、MDA含量减少、血清中IL-6含量减少（P<0.05）。结论 GBE可有效减轻ALI肺组织的炎症反应,其机制可能与其提高大鼠抗氧化能力、升高血清中IL-6的含量有关。     

Protective effect of taraxasterol on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mice

Taraxasterol, a pentacyclic-triterpene isolated from Taraxacum officinale, has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of taraxasterol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice acute lung injury has not been investigated. The aims of this study were to investigate whether taraxasterol could ameliorate the inflammation response in LPS-induced acute lung injury and to clarify the possible mechanism. Male BALB/c mice were pretreated with taraxasterol 1 h before intranasal instillation of LPS. 7 h after LPS administration, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues, lung wet/dry ratio and inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the BALF were measured by ELISA. The extent of phosphorylation of IκB-α, p65 NF-κB, p46–p54 JNK, p42–p44 ERK, and p38 were determined by western blotting. The results showed that taraxasterol attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO), lung wet/dry ratio, and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, western blotting results showed that taraxasterol inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB-α, p65 NF-κB, p46–p54 JNK, p42–p44 ERK, and p38 caused by LPS. Our data suggest that anti-inflammatory effects of taraxasterol against the LPS-induced ALI may be due to its ability of inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.     

Protective effect of catalpol on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice

Catalpol, an iridiod glucoside isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. Although anti-inflammatory activity of catalpol already reported, its involvement in lung protection has not been reported. Thus, we investigated the role of catalpol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in this study. Mice acute lung injury model was induced by intranasal instillation of LPS. Catalpol was administrated 1 h prior to or after LPS exposure. The severity of pulmonary injury was evaluated 12 h after LPS administration. The results showed that catalpol inhibited lung W/D ratio, myeloperoxidase activity of lung samples, the amounts of inflammatory cells and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β in BALF induced by LPS. The production of IL-10 in BALF was up-regulated by catalpol. In vitro, catalpol inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-1β production and up-regulated IL-10 expression in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages. Moreover, western blot analysis showed that the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was inhibited by catalpol. Furthermore, catalpol was found to inhibit TLR4 expression induced by LPS. In conclusion, catalpol potently protected against LPS-induced ALI. The protective effect may attribute to the inhibition of TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.     

Protective effect of EC-18, a synthetic monoacetyldiglyceride on lung inflammation in a murine model induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide

The antler of Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) has been used a natural medicine in Korea, China and Japan, and a monoacetyldiaglyceride (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol, PLAG) was found in the antler of Sika deer as a constituent for immunomodulation. In this study, we investigated protective effects of EC-18 (a synthetic copy of PLAG) on inflammatory responses using a cigarette smoke with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation model. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 h per day for 3 days. Ten micrograms of LPS dissolved in 50 μL of PBS was administered intra nasally 1 h after the final cigarette smoke exposure. EC-18 was administered by oral gavage at doses of 30 and 60 mg/kg for 3 days. EC-18 significantly reduced the number of neutrophils, reactive oxygen species production, cytokines and elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared with the cigarette smoke and LPS induced mice. Histologically, EC-18 attenuated airway inflammation with a reduction in myeloperoxidase expression in lung tissue. Additionally, EC-18 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκB induced by cigarette smoke and LPS exposure. Our results show that EC-18 effectively suppresses neutrophilic inflammation induced by cigarette smoke and LPS exposure. In conclusion, this study suggests that EC-18 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.     

Efficacy of a traditional Korean medicine, Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang, in a murine model of chronic asthma

Traditional herbal medicines may be viable alternatives to corticosteroid therapy for treatment of asthma. However, the therapeutic mechanisms of herbal compounds remain a matter of considerable debate. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Chung-Sang-Bo-Ha-Tang (CSBHT), a herbal compound administrated therapeutically to asthma patients for centuries, on airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were chronically challenged with aerosolized OVA for 6 weeks. During the last 2 weeks, some mice were treated daily with CSBHT by intragastric feeding. Dexamethasone (Dex)-treated, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated, and naive mice served as controls. The effects of CSBHT on airway inflammation, lung pathology, and cytokine production were evaluated. Mice exposed to recurrent airway challenge with OVA had chronic inflammation and characteristics of airway remodeling, including subepithelial fibrosis, epithelial hypertrophy, and goblet cell hyperplasia. CSBHT was as effective as Dex at moderately reducing these changes compared to the PBS-treated mice. In addition, IL-5 and IFN-gamma levels in supernatants of Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated splenocyte cultures were reduced in mice treated with CSBHT. Treatment with CSBHT during the last 2 weeks of challenge modulated airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Thus, CSBHT may effectively delay the progression of airway inflammation and remodeling.     

雷公藤内酯醇对大鼠重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的保护作用

目的：研究雷公藤内酯醇对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤的保护作用及其可能作用机制。方法：36只雄性Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组,每组12只：假手术组（Sham组）、模型组（ALI组）和雷公藤内酯醇处理组（％组）。Sham组只行开腹术,Au组和％组经胆胰管给予牛磺胆酸钠后,分别腹腔注射生理盐水、雷公藤内酯醇0．2mg／kg。注射牛磺胆酸钠后6h处死动物。每组中6只大鼠在处死前15min静脉注射伊文思蓝（EB）20mg／kg。测定支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性和中性粒细胞（PMN）数。检测肺组织湿干重比（W／D）、EB含量、MPO活性、肺组织细胞间黏附分子1（ICAM-1）及PMNCD11b／CD18表达。观察肺组织病理学的改变。结果：与Sham纽比较,ALI组肺组织病理学损伤严重,BALF中MPO、PMN水平和肺组织W／D、EB及MPO水平、ICAM-1及PMNCD11b／CD18表达水平升高（P〈0．01）;与AU组比较,Tri组上述指标均降低（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论：雷公藤内酯醇对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤具有一定保护作用,与下调ICAM-1及PMNCD11b／CD18的表达进而抑制PMN在肺组织的聚集、激活有关。     

卢帕他定干预兔油酸型急性肺损伤的研究

急性肺损伤(ALI)就是通常所定义的急性非心源性的水肿性肺损伤，是临床重症监护病人主要的死亡原因。本研究以油酸静注制备新西兰兔ALI模型，检测动脉血气参数变化，测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中蛋白和血小板活化因子(PAF)、细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)及白细胞介素-8(IL-8)的含量，检测肺湿/干重(W/D)比值，观察组织病理学变化。结果表明，卢帕他定能抑制兔油酸型ALI的Pa_o2的下降，降低BALF中PAF，ICAM-1和IL-8的含量，减少蛋白渗出，降低肺W/D比值，减轻肺组织病理学损伤。卢帕他定可明显改善兔ALI，作用机制可能与抑制炎症因子合成与释放有关。     

中药双黄补对人牙龈成纤维细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:观察中药双黄补对人牙龈成纤维细胞由机械划痕损伤、内毒素脂多糖(LPS)损伤所致的保护作用.方法:采用组织块法体外培养人牙龈成纤维细胞.水提醇沉法制备双黄补提取液.采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝法测定培养细胞增殖活性的变化.建立体外细胞划痕创伤模型,加入双黄补培养24 h观察细胞迁移.绘制生长曲线观察双黄补对LPS介导的成纤维...     

屈头鸡果对内毒素致小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的 研究屈头鸡果在内毒素致小鼠急性肺损伤中的作用及其机制.方法 将40只SPF级雄性BALB/c小鼠分为正常组、对照组、模型组和实验组,每组各10只.经鼻滴入20 mg·kg-1脂多糖构建内毒素致小鼠急性肺损伤模型,其中对照组和实验组分别灌胃屈头鸡果2.16 g·kg-1,正常组和模型组灌胃等量生理盐水.观察各组小鼠...     

蛹虫草提取物对内毒素引起小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的 :观察蛹虫草提取物对内毒素引起小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用。方法 :建立内毒素急性损伤小鼠肺病理模型 ,造模 4和 8h后 ,用蛹虫草提取物治疗 ,造模 2 4h后 ,对血细胞和肺灌洗液中细胞进行计数并测定肺灌洗液中蛋白酶的活性和蛋白的含量。结果 :蛹虫草提取物对血液成分没有明显影响 ,但可以使肺灌洗液中白细胞、粒细胞的含量有所降低 ,而淋巴细胞和单核细胞的数量有所增加 ,蛋白酶活性降低。结论 :蛹虫草提取物可调节机体组织的免疫功能 ,可以缓解由于内毒素或类似物质造成的肺部炎症 ,具有一定的肺保护作用。     

脂质微泡介导转染MIF siRNA对小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用

目的：通过探讨超声微泡基因转染系统转染MIF siRNA对小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用,评价超声微泡基因转染系统的有效性。方法：以脂多糖（LPS）诱导小鼠建立急性肺损伤动物模型,随机分成4组：正常对照组（Con）、LPS刺激组（LPS）、LPS＋PC＋MIF siRNA治疗组（PC＋MIF siRNA）、LPS＋WP＋MIF siRNA治疗组（WP＋MIF siRNA）;通过超声微泡基因转染系统转染MIF siRNA,运用EMSA、Western-Blot、ELISA和相关病理检测技术,观察小鼠肺组织NF-κB/IκB-α表达、炎症介质TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平,及肺组织湿干重比和炎症病理病变,探讨MIF siRNA对小鼠急性肺损伤的保护作用。结果：WP＋MIF siRNA治疗组通过上调肺组织细胞浆中IκB-α表达,对LPS刺激激活的细胞核NF-κB有明显抑制作用、从而抑制炎症介质TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6释放,减轻小鼠肺组织病理损伤。但PC＋MIF siRNA治疗组对LPS刺激导致的小鼠肺损伤无任何改善的治疗作用。结论：脂质微泡/PEI-Chol介导的基因转染系统能有效转染MIF siRNA,对LPS介导的小鼠急性肺损伤具有一定的保护作用。