原发型肝癌组织cDNA文库的构建及抗原基因的筛选

目的 构建人原发型肝癌组织cDNA文库,以SEREX方法从cDNA文库中筛选肝癌抗原基因.方法 采用确诊的原发型肝癌患者新鲜手术切除癌组织构建cDNA文库,测定原始文库滴度,进行蓝白筛选以确定文库的重组率.以肝癌患者的血清,采用血清学方法筛选所构建的cDNA文库,阳性克隆经PCR检测鉴定后进行序列分析.结果 成功构建了混合原发型肝癌cDNA文库经测定原始文库滴度为7.42X106pfu/mL,含3.96×106个重组子,重组率为93%,扩增文库滴度为3.92×109pfu/mL,cDNA插入片段大小在0.5～3.0 kb之间.文库经3轮血清学筛选共获得31个阳性克隆,分别代表了24个独立的cDNA插入片段(抗原基因).其中17个与已知基因高度同源,另外7个基因与GenBank中已知基因的部分同源,其中有3个是新基因.利用SMART技术构建了高质量的人原发型肝癌组织cDNA表达文库,有利于以cDNA文库为基础的进一步的实验研究.结论 应用SEREX技术初步筛选原发型肝癌组织cDNA文库,共得到17个原发型肝癌相关抗原基因,其中有3个是新基因,可能为原发型肝癌的免疫学研究提供新的研究分子.     

人胃癌组织定向cDNA文库的构建

目的快速构建成人胃癌组织cDNA文库。方法从人胃癌组织分离总RNA,以含有轴IB酶切位点的oligo（dT）引物合成第1链cDNA,以含蛳IA酶切位点的SMART寡核苷酸为引物经LD-PCR扩增双链cDNA,双链cDNA经sGI（IA＆IB）酶切,以CHROMA SPIN＋TE-1000柱分级分离cDNA,收集符合需要的cDNA片段并纯化,随后将之与λTriplEx2载体连接经体外包装成噬菌体λ文库。结果经检测共获得2．73×10^6个重组子,重组率约为94％,插入片段大小平均为1．2kb。结论用SMART方法构建的胃癌组织cDNA文库质量较高,为以后筛选胃癌相关基因奠定了基础。     

云南个旧肺鳞癌YTMLC细胞cDNA文库构建和鉴定

目的构建云南个旧人肺鳞癌YTMLC-90细胞cDNA文库。方法从培养的人肺鳞癌YTMLC-90细胞株中提取总RNA,利用经修饰的oligo(dr)引物(含S6 ⅠB酶切位点)合成cDNA第一链,同时根据真核生物mRNA5’端帽子结构特点。利用SMART寡核苷酸(含S6 Ⅰ A酶切位点)作为cDNA第一链在mRNA5’端延伸出去的模板,进而以此序列为引物,利用LD-PCR(long-distance PCR)合成双链cDNA,双链cDNA经S6Ⅰ(ⅠA和ⅠB)酶切和过柱分级分离后,克隆入经S6Ⅰ酶切的载体后经体外包装而成cDNA文库。结果人肺癌细胞YTMLC-90的cDNA文库获得1.01×10~6pfu/ml个重组子,重组率为93.2％,文库扩增后,滴度达5.24×10~6pfu/ml,插入cDNA的长度为750～3000bp。结论所构建的cDNA文库具有较好的质量,该文库为进一步筛选、克隆肺癌特异表达基因奠定了基础。     

一种简单快速的cDNA文库构建方法

目的:建立一种以LD-PCR(long-distance-PCR)为基础的cDNA文库的快速构建方法.方法:以鲨鱼再生肝组织为材料获得总RNA,用偶联有Oligo(dT)的磁珠纯化mRNA后,利用含BamH Ⅰ酶切位点的Oligo(dT)16引物在逆转录酶M-MLV的作用下合成cDNA第一链,进而利用末端转移酶在合成的cDNA第一链的3′末端引入poly-dC尾;以含BamH Ⅰ酶切位点的Oligo(dT)16和含Hind Ⅲ酶切位点的Oligo(dG)10为引物,利用LD-PCR合成双链cDNA,双链cDNA经BamH Ⅰ和Hind Ⅲ双酶切,通过T4 DNA连接酶连接到经相同双酶切的pUC19载体后构建成cDNA文库,对文库的容量、重组率以及多样性进行分析.结果:通过本方法构建的cDNA文库容量约为5.84×105个/μg ds-cDNA,重组率为96.7%;对随机提取的30个克隆质粒的插入序列进行分析,共获得25个不同的cDNA序列,且未见重复序列.结论:本法构建的cDNA质粒文库具有快速、简单的特点,构建的文库质量符合要求,可用于大规模的功能基因分析.     

人乙型肝炎肝硬化组织cDNA文库的构建及鉴定

目的:构建人乙型肝炎肝硬化组织cDNA文库,为筛查与乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生特异相关的基因及探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化的发病机制奠定基础.方法:用Trizol方法提取人乙型肝炎肝硬化组织总RNA,并用mRNA纯化试剂盒进行mRNA纯化;反转录合成单链cDNA,长距离PCR方法合成双链cDNA;PCR产物经蛋白酶K水解、纯化后,用Sfi I酶切;将酶切产物进行分级分离,回收0.4 kb以上的cDNA组分,并与λTripl Ex2载体连接;连接产物经体外蛋白包装,产生未扩增文库;鉴定文库的滴度和重组效率后,进行文库扩增;鉴定扩增文库的滴度和重组效率;随机挑取11个噬菌斑,用载体克隆位点两端的通用引物进行PCR扩增,以检测所构建的cDNA文库的质量.结果:未扩增文库滴度为1.03×106 pfu/ml,重组效率为97.24%,扩增后文库滴度为1.36×109 pfu/ml,重组效率为99.02%;用载体两端的通用引物进行PCR鉴定,插入片段平均长度为1.02 kb,含1 kb以上的占36.36%,0.5～1 kb的占63.64%.结论:已成功构建一高质量的人乙型肝炎肝硬化组织cDNA文库,为筛查与乙型肝炎肝硬化的发生特异相关的基因及探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化的发病机制奠定了基础.     

人胃癌混合组织cDNA文库的快速构建和鉴定

目的 :构建人胃癌混合组织cDNA文库 ,筛选克隆胃癌相关基因。方法 :以纯化的 poly(A) + RNA为模板 ,含NotⅠ切点的Oligo (dT) 15为引物 ,利用改良的cDNA快速合成方法 ,反转录合成cDNA第一、二链 ,连接连接子 ,经层析柱纯化去除小片段和多余连接子后 ,重组于噬菌体载体 ,行体外包装后以大肠杆菌Y10 90行滴度测试及扩增后 ,建成cDNA文库。结果 :构建的cDNA文库 ,含 3 2× 10 6重组子 ,重组率为 96 %。扩增后文库的滴度达1 2× 10 12 pfu/L。 结论 :成功地构建了人胃癌混合组织cDNA文库 ,为进一步筛选克隆胃癌的相关癌基因或抑癌基因奠定了基础     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.