Aptima法人乳头瘤病毒E6/E7 mRNA检测在子宫颈癌筛查中的流行病学分析及其诊断价值

目的 通过Aptima法检测人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7 mRNA,研究其分型和定量检测结果在不同年龄和子宫颈活检中的分布情况,探讨其在子宫颈病变中的诊断价值.方法 选取2019年1月至2020年1月于郑州大学第三附属医院行HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测的患者为研究对象,收集HPVE6/E7 mRNA阳性患者的年...     

HPV E6/E7mRNA联合TCT检测对宫颈癌早期病变筛查诊断效能的影响

目的 探讨人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)E6/E7mRNA联合液基薄层细胞学检查(TCT)用于宫颈癌早期病变筛查诊断的价值.方法 选取256例接受宫颈癌早期病变筛查患者,均接受HPVE6/E7mRNA检测、TCT检测及病理检查,以病理结果为金标准,分析HPVE6/E7mRNA、TCT单一检测与联合检测对诊断宫颈病变的价值及效能...     

HPV DNA和HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测在宫颈病变诊治中应用价值的比较

目的: 比较人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus,HPV）E6/E7 mRNA检测和HPV DNA检测在宫颈病变诊治中的应用价值。方法: 选取2018年1月—2019年9月在石家庄市妇幼保健院行宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查（thin-prep cytology test,TCT）的患者共33 496例,其中符合纳入标准的诊断意义不明的非典型鳞状上皮细胞（atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance,ASCUS）患者共3 190例,将其随机分为2组,各1 595例,分别进行HPV DNA检测（对照组）及HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测（观察组）,再对每组的阳性患者进行阴道镜下活检及病理组织学检测,比较2种方法对宫颈病变的检出率。从对照组和观察组阳性的患者中随机各抽取184例,共368例,分别进行HPV E6/E7 mRNA和HPV DNA检测,比较2种方法的诊断效能。结果: 对照组高级别宫颈上皮内病变患者的检出率为4.8%（77/1 595）,观察组为4.1%（66/1 595）,差异无统计学意义（χ²=0.886,P=0.347）。但与HPV DNA检测相比,HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测具有较高的敏感度（87.50%）、特异度（71.79%）、阳性预测值（49.36%）、阴性预测值（94.81%）、约登指数（0.593）和较低的阴道镜转诊率（42.4%,P<0.05）。结论: 对于高级别宫颈上皮内病变,HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测比HPV DNA检测具有更高的诊断效能,可以作为ASCUS患者分流的新方法。     

宫颈癌及癌前病变组织中Notch1及HPV16 E6/E7表达的研究

目的 探讨Notch1受体和人乳头瘤病毒16感染在宫颈癌前病变和宫颈癌发生发展中的作用。方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测18例宫颈上皮内瘤变（cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN）和35例宫颈癌标本中Notch1受体及HPV16E6/E7蛋白的表达,以34例正常宫颈组织及慢性宫颈炎组织作为对照。比较各组间Notch1及HPV16E6/E7表达的差异,并分析Notch1与HPV16E6/E7表达的关系。结果 Notch1蛋白在细胞胞浆、胞核及胞膜中表达,HPV16E6/E7在细胞核中表达。从对照组到CIN组到宫颈癌组,Notch1及HPV16E6/E7的表达均逐渐增强（P〈0.01）。Notch1的阳性表达与宫颈癌不同分期、分化程度、淋巴结是否转移无关（P〉0.05）。在宫颈癌组中Notch1与HPV16E6/E7的表达均呈正相关性（P〈0.01）。结论 Notch1表达与HPV16E6/E7感染可能与CIN及宫颈癌的发生密切相关,两者在宫颈癌的发病机制中可能协同发挥作用。     

高危型人乳头瘤病毒E6/E7 mRNA在宫颈细胞学ASCUS/LSIL/ASC-H分流中的意义

目的:比较高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HR-HPV)E6/E7 mRNA与HR-HPV DNA检测在宫颈病变筛查中的诊断性能。探讨其在宫颈细胞学ASCUS/LSIL/ASC-H分流中的意义。方法:收集2016年5月至11月就诊于清华长庚医院妇科的液基细胞学结果为ASCUS、LSIL、ASC-H的患者251例,分别行宫颈脱落细胞HR-HPV DNA、HR-HPV E6/E7mRNA检测,并行阴道镜检查及宫颈活体组织检查,以组织学病理为金标准。结果:HRHPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率在ASCUS、LSIL和ASC-H中分别为18.34%(20/108)、28.82%(30/102)和39.51%(17/41)。宫颈活检病理结果子宫颈低级别病变(湿疣/CIN1组)与高级别病变(CIN2/3)组的HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0125)。以子宫颈活检的组织学诊断结果为金标准,HR-HPV E6/E7 mRNA筛查子宫颈高级别病变的特异性及阳性预测值均明显高于HPV-DNA。ASCUS/LSIL/ASC-H中,HRHPV E6/E7 mRNA检测筛查宫颈高级别病变的ROC曲线面积均大于HPV-DNA,诊断效能优于HPV-DNA。结论:HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测诊断宫颈高级别病变的特异性及阳性预测值高于HPV-DNA,能辅助宫颈细胞学筛查及HPV-DNA,提高宫颈高级别病变诊断的特异性,在细胞学检查阶段对患者做出有效分流,预测宫颈高级别病变。     

APTIMA HPV E6/E7 mRNA和MALDI-TOF-MS HPV基因分型检测宫颈高度病变效果评价

目的:以HC-Ⅱ法HPV DNA为对照,评价APTIMA法HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测(A-HPV)和MALDI-TOF-MS HPV分型检测技术(M-HPV)用于宫颈癌与癌前病变筛查的临床价值。方法:深圳市25~59岁、3年内未行宫颈癌筛查、未接受过子宫切除和盆腔放疗的2095例未孕妇女参加了本次筛查。医生于患者宫颈外口处直接收集2份宫颈脱落细胞标本,一份用于液基细胞学检查,一份用于HC-Ⅱ、A-HPV和M-HPV检测。宫颈细胞学≥ASCUS及3种方法 HPV检测任一阳性结果者均回叫行阴道镜下定点或四象限活检及宫颈管诊刮(ECC)。以病理诊断为标准评价各种HPV检测方法用于宫颈癌筛查的价值。结果:2095例研究对象中各项检测数据齐全者1970例。1970例患者的平均年龄为(35.89±7.655)岁。细胞学≥ASCUS者占6.4%(127/1970),CINⅡ+者占1.3%(26/1970),CINⅢ+者占0.76%(15/1970)。HC-Ⅱ、A-HPV和M-HPV总的HPV阳性率分别是19.4%、12.1%和14.8%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。HC-Ⅱ、A-HPV和M-HPV对检出CINⅡ+病变的敏感性分别为88.5%(95%CI为68.7~97.0)、100%(95%CI为84.0~100)和92.3%(95%CI为73.4~98.7),特异性分别为81.5(95%CI为79.7~83.2)、89.1%(95%CI为87.6~90.4)和86.3%(95%CI为84.6~87.8);A-HPV与HC-Ⅱ相比敏感性稍高(P0.05),M-HPV敏感性和HC-Ⅱ相同(P0.05),三者比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:A-HPV和M-HPV用于宫颈癌筛查都有很好的敏感性和准确性,两者活检率明显低于HC-Ⅱ,可减少医疗负担和花费。HPV亚型分型和HPV E6/E7 mRNA结合有更好地预测宫颈癌患病风险的作用。     

Viral DNA load, physical status and E2/E6 ratio as markers to grade HPV16 positive women for high-grade cervical lesions

OBJECTIVES: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) associated with high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus infection, in addition to HR-HPV typing need other viral marker testing to distinguish a subset of lesions with clinical relevant infections. This study has evaluated the significance of viral markers, such as viral load, physical status and E2/E6 ratio, to stratify HPV16 infected women at a single point in time for grade of cervical lesions. METHODS: One hundred sixty-six cytological specimens were selected from women with low (n=72) and high (n=94) grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and positive to HPV16. All the 72 LSIL were CINI, 83 of the 94 HSIL were CINII/III and 11 SCC (Squamous Cervical Carcinoma). Cytological specimens were analysed by two different SYBR Green Real-time PCR assays (RT-PCR). Specific primers for both E2 and E6 viral genes and GAPDH cellular gene were designed to determine viral load, physical status and E2/E6 ratio. RESULTS: The viral load was significantly higher in HSIL than in LSIL. In CINI episomal DNA was prevalent (72.2%), mixed forms (episomal and integrated) were 27.8%, suggestive of an early integration of viral DNA into cellular genome, no pure integrated forms were detected. However in CINII/III mixed DNA forms were prevalent (73.5%). In SCC pure integrated DNA was prevalent (81.8%) in absence of episomal forms. E2/E6 ratio decreased significantly from CINI to CINII/III and SCC with a linear trend. The logistic regression analysis showed that viral load higher than 1.38x10(6) genome copies per 300 ng of total DNA associated with E2/E6 ratio lower than 0.90 was highly significant in differentiating CINII/III versus CINI, while the only E2/E6 value lower than 0.17 was significant in differentiating SCC from CINI. CONCLUSIONS: Viral load higher than 1.38x10(6) genome copies per 300 ng of total DNA and E2/E6 ratio values allow HPV16 infected women with high grade cervical intraepithelial lesions to be recognized.     

hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA用于宫颈癌机会性筛查的临床价值

目的:研究hrHPVE6/E7 mRNA在宫颈筛查中的准确性,探索其用于宫颈癌机会性筛查的临床价值。方法:选取2013年1月至2015年12月在青岛市市立医院及城阳区人民医院妇科门诊行机会性筛查的女性共7791例,年龄25~65岁。所有受试女性均行宫颈液基薄层细胞学检查(LBC)。每位受试者同时行HPV检测,根据采取的HPV方法不同分为3组:HC2组(2417例),HPV分型组(2456例),E6/E7组(2906例)。比较4种筛查方法的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、阴道镜转诊率、CINⅡ+/CINⅢ+检出率。结果:E6/E7检测CINⅡ+/CINⅢ+的灵敏度分别为93.02%和94.83%,NPV分别为99.52%和99.88%,与HC2及HPV分型之间无统计学差异(P0.05)。E6/E7检测CINⅡ+/CINⅢ+的特异度分别为90.20%和86.90%,与LBC、HC2及HPV分型两两比较均有统计学差异(P0.01)。以HC2和HPV分型为参照时,E6/E7检测CINⅡ+/CINⅢ+的RR均1。E6/E7的阴道镜转诊率为14.73%,低于另两种HPV检测方法,高于LBC,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。3种HPV检测方法的CINⅡ+/CINⅢ+检出率无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:hrHPV E6/E7 mRNA与HC2和HPV分型相比,灵敏度相同、特异度高,阴道镜转诊率低,CINⅡ+/CINⅢ+检出率无差别,可用于宫颈癌的机会性筛查。     

Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E6/E7 variants

OBJECTIVES: Polymorphisms in human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 have been shown to be related to geographic areas and are broadly classified as European (E), African (Af), Asian (As), or Asian-American (AA). Certain variants have been reported as being more likely to cause cervical disease; our objectives were to identify new HPV16 polymorphisms, to determine the linkage of the E2 and E6/E7 regions and to determine the minimum sequence necessary to classify variants. METHODS: We sequenced the complete E2, E6, and E7 regions in all HPV16-positive cervical samples identified in a case-control study of pre-invasive cervical disease. RESULTS: In the 100 samples analyzed, only one new polymorphism was identified, a synonymous change, T3205A, in region E2. The frequency distribution of variants in the sample set was 37 European prototypes and 27 E-G350, 16 AA, 5 Af1, 2 Af2, 8 E-C109G, 3 E-G131G, and 2 As. As shown by others, region E7 varied much less than E6 and E2. CONCLUSIONS: In each case, E2 changes were linked to the expected E6/E7 changes, and there was no evidence for recombination. The linkage between E2 and E6/E7 allows variant classification to be based on a short E6 sequence (nt 109-350).     

Evaluation of E6 and E7 mRNA expression in HPV DNA positive breast cancer

Several studies have suggested a possible role for HPV in the pathogenesis of the breast cancer. We investigated the presence of the HPV DNA in breast cancers and non malignant disease breast tissues by the use of a standard HPV detection method (INNO-Lipa HPV), in order to detect HPV DNA in metastatic nodes, to investigate a possible cervical HPV co-infection, and to evaluate the E6/E7 mRNA expression in HPV DNA positive breast cancer tissues. The rate of HPV infection was significantly higher in the cancer group than in controls (9/31 vs. 0/12, p = 0.04). One out of eight metastatic axillary nodes was positive for HPV infection; 2/3 of the positive HPV breast cancer patients were co-infected at the cervical site. The role of the virus in breast oncogenesis is still unclear, since our analysis failed in demonstrating the expression of viral E6 and E7 in positive HPV positive breast tumor tissues.     

HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测对ASCUS患者临床分层处理价值评价

目的:探讨HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测在意义不明确的不典型鳞状细胞(ASCUS)人群进一步处理措施中的分层管理价值。方法:对112例ASCUS患者,同时行HPV E6/E7 mRNA、HPV DNA检测以及阴道镜下活检。结果:(1)ASCUS患者宫颈活检结果分布于宫颈炎及宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ病变中。(2)HPV E6/E7 mRNA检测ASCUS中高级别病变的敏感性(94.44%)与HPV DNA检测相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。而特异性(45.74%)高于HPV DNA检测(18.89%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)随着宫颈病变级别升高,HPV E6/E7 mRNA载量增加,且各级别病变间差异有统计学意义(P0.0083);HPV DNA载量在各级别病变中的差异无统计学意义(P0.0083)。(4)ROC曲线确定的HPV E6/E7 mRNA诊断高级别宫颈上皮内瘤变(CINⅡ~+)的最佳诊断临界点为543.64 copy/ml,曲线下面积为0.780。结论:ASCUS病理结果具有多样性,HPV E6/E7mRNA检测不仅可以检出其中的高级别宫颈病变,减少了不必要的阴道镜检查及活检,还能及时发现潜在高级别宫颈病变,避免高危患者漏诊。     

HPV DNA检测(HC2)用于宫颈癌筛查价值的Meta分析

目的:探讨2代杂交捕获法(HC2)检测HPV DNA在宫颈癌筛查中的应用价值.方法:计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Central、CNKI、CBMDisc、万方数据库等.纳入公开发表的有关HC2检测HPV DNA用于筛查宫颈癌的诊断试验,质量评价后,应用STATA11.0和Meta-discl.4软件进行Meta分析,评价HC2筛查宫颈癌的敏感性、特异性和ROC曲线下面积(AUC).结果:最终纳入12篇文献,共计12 492例.Meta分析结果显示,HC2检测HPV DNA筛查宫颈癌的敏感性和特异性分别为83％(95％ CI为82％～85％)和88％(95％CI为87％ ～89％);AUC为0.91(95％ CI为0.88～0.93).结论:HC2检测HPV DNA筛查宫颈癌的敏感性和特异性均较高,可作为临床大规模宫颈癌筛查的有效方法.     

Clinical, colposcopic and pathological characteristics of cervical and vaginal high-grade lesions negative for HPV by Hybrid Capture 2

Objective

Less than 5% of women with cervical or vaginal biopsy proven high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HG-SIL) show a negative Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) result. We analyzed 1) human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes by PCR in order to determine whether these cases represent infections by common or unusual types, and 2) the clinical, colposcopic and pathological differential characteristics of these patients.

Methods

646 women with a histological diagnosis of HG-SIL and a HC2 test collected within 6 months prior to the diagnosis were identified. Patients with a negative HC2 result were selected. HPV was typed in the biopsy specimen in all by PCR using SPF10 and GP5+/6+ primers, and p16^INK4a immunostaining was performed. The clinical and colposcopy findings of these women were compared with a control group of HG-SIL with positive HC2 result.

Results

20 women (3.1%) with HG-SIL had a negative HC2. All biopsies were positive for p16^INK4. PCR analysis detected HPV types included in HC2 test in 55% of the cases, with an identical percentage of common viruses between women with relative light unit values above or below 0.40 (p = .361). False negative HC2 tests increased with age (p = .002) and were more frequent in patients with non satisfactory colposcopy or small sized lesions (p < .001).

Conclusion

A negative HC2 test is an infrequent event in women with HG-SIL. Common HPV types are identified in over half of the cases. Older women and patients with small lesions or non satisfactory colposcopy have a higher rate of HC2 negative results.     

HPV16/18 E7-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination in cervical cancer patients with recurrent disease refractory to standard treatment modalities

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 E7 antigen-loaded autologous dendritic cells (DC) as a therapeutic cellular vaccine in a case series of cervical cancer patients harboring recurrent/metastatic disease refractory to standard treatment modalities. METHODS: Autologous monocyte-derived DC were pulsed with recombinant HPV16 E7 or HPV18 E7 oncoproteins and administered to 4 cervical cancer patients. Vaccinations were followed by subcutaneous administration twice daily of low doses of human recombinant interleukin-2 (1 x 10(6) IU/m2) from day 3 to day 7. Safety, toxicity, delayed type hypersensitivity reactions (DTH), clinical responses, and induction of serological and cellular immunity against HPV16/18 E7 were monitored. RESULTS: The vaccine was well-tolerated in all patients and no local or systemic side effects or toxicity were recorded. Three out of four patients were found to be significantly immunocompromised before starting the vaccination treatment, as assessed by DTH with a panel of recall antigens. Specific humoral and cellular CD4+ T cell responses to the E7 vaccine were detected in 2 patients, as detected by ELISA and by IFN-gamma ELISpot assays, respectively. Increased numbers of E7-specific IFN-gamma secreting CD8+ T cells were detected in all patients after vaccination. Swelling and induration (i.e., a positive DTH response) to the intradermal injection of HPV E7 oncoprotein and/or irradiated autologous tumor cells were detected in two patients after six vaccinations. No objective clinical responses were observed. However, both patients who developed a positive DTH to the vaccine experienced a slow tumor progression (i.e., 13 months survival) while DTH unresponsive patients died within 5 months from the beginning of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous DC pulsed with HPV16/18 E7 proteins can induce systemic B and T cell responses in patients unresponsive to standard treatment modalities. However, treatment-induced immunosuppression may impose severe limitations on the efficacy of active vaccination strategies in late stage cervical cancer patients. DC-based vaccination trials are warranted in immunocompetent cervical cancer patients with early stage disease and/or limited tumor burden, and at significant risk for tumor recurrence or disease progression.     

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 gene variations in Indian cervical cancer

OBJECTIVES: Human papillomavirus type 16 is a causative factor for development of cervical cancer. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV 16 are critical to the process of immortalization and transformation of host cells. Recent reports suggest that variants of these two genes may contribute to the risk of malignant progression of cancer in the uterine cervix. However, no data exist on sequence variations of HPV 16 E6 and E7 genes that may exist in India. Therefore, we examined intratype variations in the E6 and E7 viral genes in DNA isolated from HPV 16-positive cervical scrapes and biopsies. METHODS: The open reading frames of the E6 and E7 genes were amplified by PCR and then directly sequenced by the fluorescent dye dideoxy termination method.Results. In addition to the prototype E6 gene sequence, five sets of mutations of the E6 gene were identified. The European prototype (350T) was detected in 9.1% of the study group while the European variant (350G) was seen in 28% of patients. The remaining variants (a combination of the 350G mutation with 335T, 145T, or 419G) were significantly associated with cases compared to controls. The 350G + 145T variant was found at much higher incidence in cases in younger women, suggesting that this variant may be associated with aggressive tumor behavior. Interestingly the 350G + 419G combination was found only in controls. There was no significant association between the four genotypes of E7 and any stage of tumor progression or age. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that specific mutations in the E6 gene are found in young Indian women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and invasive cancer, suggesting that these mutations represent more oncogenically active HPV 16. Whether this increased oncogenecity is due to differences in p53 inactivation, ineffective keratinocyte differentiation, and/or altered response to the immune system by these oncogenic E6 mutants remains to be clarified.     

宫颈癌与癌前病变中微小染色体维持蛋白7表达及与HPV16感染的关系

目的探讨宫颈病变组织中微小染色体维持蛋白7(MCM7)mRNA的表达及与HPV-16E7 mRNA的关系。方法采用半定量RT-PCR的方法检测2004年9月至2005年12月河北医科大学第二、第四医院102例宫颈组织中MCM7 mRNA和HPV-16E7 mRNA的表达。结果 (1)HPV-16E7 mRNA的表达水平在CINⅡ～Ⅲ及宫颈鳞癌明显高于慢性宫颈炎和CINⅠ(P<0.05);(2)MCM7 mRNA的表达水平在CINⅡ～Ⅲ及宫颈鳞癌明显高于慢性宫颈炎和CINⅠ,宫颈鳞癌明显高于CINⅡ～Ⅲ(P<0.05);(3)在CIN中,MCM7 mRNA在HPV16阳性组表达明显高于阴性组(P<0.01),在宫颈浸润癌中MCM7与HPV-16E7表达水平呈正相关(P<0.05);(4)在宫颈浸润癌中,MCM7 mRNA的表达随肿瘤分化程度增加而减少(P<0.05),而与年龄、临床分期无关。结论 HPV-16E7 mRNA的表达水平与宫颈病变的进展相关;MCM7 mRNA的表达与宫颈癌的发生、发展及与HPV-16感染密切相关。MCM7有望成为宫颈癌前病变筛查、监测生物学指标。