鼻内镜下眼眶内侧壁重构治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折

目的 探讨鼻内镜下眼眶内侧壁重构治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折的临床效果.方法 选择爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折保守治疗无效的21例患者,在鼻内镜下去除骨折碎片,还纳突出的眼眶内容物,重构眼眶内侧壁,观察手术前后眼球突出度、复视、眼位和眼球运动改善情况.结果 术后随访3～24个月,中位数随访时间7.5个月,21例患者手术前健侧眼球突出度值((x-)±s,以下同)为(12.3±1.5)mm,患侧眼球突出度值为(8.4±0.8)mm,双眼差异有统计学意义(t=3.58,P<0.05);21例患者术后患侧眼球突出度值为(11.7±1.3)mm,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(t=3.12,P<0.05),与健侧眼球突出度值相比差异无统计学意义(t=1.42,P>0.05).17例患者复视消失,眼位与健侧对称,眼球运动良好,4例患者眼球内陷、复视及眼球运动明显改善.结论 鼻内镜下眼眶内侧壁重构治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折安全可靠,效果好.     

鼻内镜下硅胶管支撑修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折

鼻及眼眶位于人体面中部,易遭受暴力而骨折。其中眶内侧壁又称纸样板,最为菲薄,骨折后常造成眶内容物脱出到筛窦,导致眼球内陷、复视、眼球运动障碍等,应积极进行早期复位,防止并发症的发生及晚期处理的困难。我院自2007年2月～2009年10月在鼻内镜下经筛窦硅胶管支撑修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折28例,取得满意效果,现报道如下。     

鼻内镜下带软骨膜的鼻中隔软骨治疗眶内侧壁骨折

自2014年12月～2015年12月以来,我科采用鼻内镜下经鼻-鼻窦入路,利用自体带单侧软骨膜的鼻中隔软骨行眼眶内侧壁重建治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折11例,效果良好,现总结如下. 1 资料与方法 1.1 临床资料.本组爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折患者11例,均系不同原因的外伤所致,其中男性10例,女性1例;年龄23～55岁,平均年龄36岁;左侧眼眶内侧壁骨折患者6例,右侧眼眶内侧壁骨折患者5例.外伤至手术间隔时间为7～14 d.     

Medpor填充物经鼻内镜行眶内壁骨折复位术的临床应用

目的探讨在鼻内镜引导下经鼻腔入路应用Medpor修复眶内侧壁骨折的可行性。方法对20例单纯性眶内侧壁骨折患者应用Medpor填充复位并观察其疗效。结果术后随访6个月至2年，术后12眼未出现眼球内陷，无眼球运动障碍；6眼眼球内陷0．5～1．0mm，眼球向外运动障碍；2眼眼球内陷达1．5mm以上，有复视及眼球向外运动完全障碍。结论鼻内镜引导下经鼻腔入路应用Medpor为修复单纯的眼眶内侧壁骨折提供了一个安全可行的治疗方法。     

鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折

目的：探讨鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复治疗爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折的临床效果。方法：在鼻内镜下将骨折复位,将眶内容物还纳,以自体鼻中隔软骨植入骨折缺损处修复眶壁缺损,观察患者手术前后视力、复视、眼球突出度和眼位变化。结果：术后随访3个月～4年,28例患者术后均未出现患眼明显视力下降和视力丧失,术后眼球内陷度数为（1．5±0．6）mm,与术前（3．6±1．1）mm相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术后3个月,25例患者复视完全消失,2例患者第一眼位无复视,但仍有周边复视,1例术后第一眼位复视仍存在。26例术后眼球运动基本恢复正常,2例外展稍受限,但较术前好转。以上28例患者均未发现填充物移位、感染或排异反应。结论：鼻内镜下鼻中隔软骨修复爆裂性眼眶内侧壁骨折具有手术人路简捷、视野清晰、操作简便、损伤小、无面部瘢痕等优点,效果确信可靠。     

经鼻填充鼻中隔软骨修复眶内侧壁骨折

目的：探讨应用鼻内镜填充鼻中隔软骨,修复眶内侧壁骨折,经鼻做眼部手术的可能性。方法：选取眶内侧壁骨折患者11例（11眼）,术前检查均有不同程度的眼球内陷、复视、视力减退症状,行眼眶CT诊有眶内容物疝入筛窦并伴积液,其中6例内直肌肿胀。手术开始在内镜直视指引下,经鼻腔开放筛窦,摘除筛房,暴露骨折的纸板,将疝入物回纳眶内,鼻中隔软骨覆盖骨折区。结果：患者手术后全部治愈。双眼突出度相差≤1mm,平均0.11mm。视力较术前不改变或者略有改善。鼻内镜检查见筛窦术腔上皮化,填充的鼻中隔软骨无移动,无感染及排斥现象。结论：经鼻填充鼻中隔软骨修复眶内侧壁骨折方法简便,成功率高。自体鼻中隔软骨无排斥反应。     

眼眶爆裂性和非爆裂性复杂骨折经鼻人路的手术治疗

目的 探讨眼眶爆裂性骨折和非爆裂性复杂骨折的诊断与经鼻入路手术整复的方法及疗效.方法 回顾性总结2000-2009年经鼻入路手术治疗的41例眼眶骨折(爆裂性和非爆裂性复杂骨折分别有35例和6例)患者的诊断方法及手术疗效.患者主要表现为复视、眼球内陷及颌面部畸形等.手术方法主要包括:鼻内镜经鼻腔筛窦入路手术修补筛窦型,经鼻腔外侧壁入路修补上颌窦型,联合进路修复筛上颌窦型;鼻内镜与颅、颌面、鼻腔联合进路修复眶-上颌-颧弓复杂骨折.结果 35例爆裂性骨折术后29例复视消失,6例术后轻度复视,其中4例术后6个月恢复正常,另外2例仍有轻度复视.33例眼球内陷者术后即完全矫正,2例术后改善为轻度内陷.非爆裂性骨折眶-上颌-颧弓复杂骨折6例,4例术后复视和眼球内陷消失,颌面骨外形基本恢复正常,1例轻度复视和眼球轻度内陷,1例无复视有眼球轻度内陷,颌面骨外形轻度改变.结论 经鼻入路手术可有效治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折和非爆裂性复杂骨折所致的眼球内陷和复视,且该术式具有术中组织损伤小,并发症少的优点.     

导航辅助鼻内镜下眶壁骨折复位术

眶壁骨折是眼科最常见的一种外伤,轻度眶壁骨折不伴复视不需手术,严重的颌面部外伤需眼科、耳鼻咽喉科及口腔科合作进行联合整复,单纯眶内侧壁及眶下壁骨折伴复视的患者既往需眼科行鼻外筛窦入路或睑缘下切口进行手术,但随着鼻内镜外科的发展单纯眶下壁及内侧壁骨折可在鼻内镜下完成。但因眶内侧壁骨折突到筛窦的组织有时只有一小部分,有时很难判断骨折部位,导航辅助鼻内镜则使这一操作变得简单易行,现将我科与眼科合作的6例患者报告如下。1对象与方法1.1临床资料1.1.1一般资料2005年10月～2006年12月共开展导航辅助鼻内镜眶壁复位手术6例,…     

经鼻爆裂性眶骨折眼球内陷的晚期整复

目的研究眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷晚期手术整复的方法及疗效。方法回顾性总结1998～2002年不同人路手术治疗19例眼眶爆裂性骨折患者的手术疗效。结果17例患者的眼球内陷得到不同程度的矫正,2例治疗无效。术后复视症状完全消失4例,部分消失5例,无变化6例。结论眼眶爆裂性骨折眼球内陷的晚期重建复位手术获得满意疗效。     

鼻内镜下造口术治疗侵入眼眶的鼻窦黏液囊肿

目的：研究鼻内镜下造口术治疗侵入眼眶的鼻窦黏液囊肿和术后处理方法及长期疗效。方法：对24例侵入眼眶的鼻窦黏液囊肿患者,均采用鼻内镜下造口术;术后按内镜鼻窦手术后的常规处理,重点是防止中鼻道粘连及窦口再狭窄和促进窦口上皮化。结果：随访1～5年。24例患者术后均无囊肿复发,无眶内并发症,眼球复位。结论：鼻内镜下造口术治疗侵入眼眶的鼻窦黏液囊肿,无复发和并发症,是一种值得推荐的手术方式;术后处理的重点是防止中鼻道粘连及窦口再狭窄和促进窦口上皮化;长期复查是必要的。     

Endoscopic intranasal reduction of the orbit in isolated blowout fractures

CONCLUSION: Endoscopic intranasal reduction of the orbital floor with a detachable temporary balloon, or of the medial orbital wall with a silastic sheet and Merocel packing, provided good functional results and definite advantages. We suggest that these techniques are another surgical alternative for isolated orbital floor or medial wall blowout fractures that do not accompany any associated fractures of the orbital rim. OBJECTIVES: Extended applications of endoscopic sinus surgery have reported endoscopic intranasal reduction or reconstruction of the orbital wall with good functional and cosmetic results. We present our experience with endoscopic intranasal reduction of the orbit in isolated orbital floor and/or medial wall blowout fractures, treated by reduction of the orbital floor with a detachable temporary balloon, or of the medial orbital wall with a silastic sheet and Merocel packing. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Floor reduction: After creating a wide middle meatal antrostomy, herniated orbital contents and fracture-displaced floor are mobilized and reduced. The orbital floor is supported by a saline filled balloon, which is connected with an infant feeding catheter and passed through the middle meatal antrostoma. After confirming the reduction of the orbital floor by postoperative CT, the catheter is ligated and cut in short to keep it in the nasal cavity. Medial wall reduction: After completing an intranasal ethmoidectomy, herniated orbital contents and fractured lamina papyracea are mobilized and reduced. The shape of the medial orbital wall is fixed by a silastic sheet and Merocel packing saturated with an antibiotic solution. Surgery was performed when the eye function could be accurately assessed, usually at 7 to 10 days following the injury. Temporary supporting of the orbital wall with a detachable temporary balloon, or a silastic sheet and Merocel packing was removed 4 weeks after surgery in the out-patient clinic. RESULTS: We have experienced 40 cases of endoscopic intranasal reduction of the orbit in blowout fractures. CT scan confirmed isolated orbital floor fracture in 11 patients, isolated medial wall fracture in 17 patients, and combined fractures of the orbital floor and the medial wall in 12 patients. Twenty five patients had diplopia, 20 patients had limitation of eye movement, and 14 patients developed enophthalmos. Thirty three of the 40 patients recovered completely without any residual eye symptoms or complications.     

Orbitastabilisierung mit Suprabrow-Periosttranspositionslappen

BACKGROUND: Common reasons for orbital defects are midfacial traumas or defects following tumor resection within the sinu-orbital region. In these cases, reconstruction of the medial or inferior orbital wall often is required. Common materials for orbital reconstruction, such as titanium-mesh, are used where epithelialisation problems are frequently encountered. METHODS: Three patients with extended resection of malignomas of the medial and inferior orbit wall were reconstructed with a myofascial transposition flap from the suprabrow region. RESULTS: Orbital tumor infiltration was present in 11 of the 54 patients treated from 1997 to 2003 for tumors of the nasal region. In three cases, tumor extension to the medial and caudal orbital wall required extensive tissue resection, including the periorbit. In these cases, we created a new horizontal fascial flap from the suprabrow-region which stabilized the bulbus by fixation to the lateral maxilla. Follow-up 12 months after surgery showed good epithelialisation of the reconstructed region without functional deficits. CONCLUSION: This previously undescribed fascial suprabrow-flap constitutes a valuable method in the reconstruction of large combined defects of the medial and caudal orbit wall profiting particularly from the autologous material used.     

Endoscopically assisted retro-caroncular approach for medial wall fracture of the orbit: preliminary study

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present our experience of endoscopically assisted retro-caruncular approach of medial wall fracture of orbital bone, notably concerning the accessibility and visibility. METHODS: Five consecutive patients (4 men and 1 woman) with recent fracture (1 to 3 days), underwent medial wall reconstruction with a polydioxanone plate, endoscopically assisted via a retro-caruncular approach. The surgical technique and its results are described. Helpful hints are discussed. RESULTS: The plate did not have to be bent for introduction. Operative time was less than an hour for all patients. All patients were discharged the day after surgery. All experienced a mild degree of postoperative edema-related diplopia. None had persistent or secondary diplopia or enophthalmos at the one and six-month follow-up visits, respectively. Other postoperative complications, such as hematoma, nerve injury, or infection were not observed. All patients were satisfied with the outcome and especially the cosmetic result. DISCUSSION: The retro-caruncular approach with adjunctive endoscopic surgery should be the gold standard for posttraumatic isolated medial wall reconstruction of the orbit.     

Medial orbital blow-out fracture: a case report.

A case report of orbital blow-out fracture with medial rectus muscle entrapment is described. Over one-third of the patients with blow-out fractures of the orbital floor also sustain medial wall injury. Five previous case reports of medial entrapment are reviewed. The mechanism of injury is hydraulic, and the medial muscle incarceration in the fracture may produce an orbital retraction syndrome. Exploratory surgery is recommended through an external orbito-ethmoid approach.     

Orbitokutane Fistel nach Orbitarekonstruktion

A 73-year old man presented with a lesion inferior to his left medial canthus with discharge and headache. Fifteen years previously, the patient had undergone reduction of an orbital fracture and reconstruction of the orbit with silicone. An orbitocutaneous fistula was found to originate from the implant which was displaced in the ethmoid, obstructing frontal sinus outflow. Symptoms disappeared after explantation of the implant, reconstruction of the orbit with a titanium plate and frontal sinus surgery. Although the use of silicone in facial trauma has declined, complications have to be expected even years after implantation.     

The transcaruncular approach to the medial orbital wall

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the safety and use of the transcaruncular approach as a surgical technique that provides rapid exposure of the medial orbital wall and apex through a small cosmetic conjunctival incision. METHODS: The transcaruncular anterior orbitotomy incision is made through the conjunctiva, between the plica and caruncle, with dissection to a subperiorbital plane along the medial orbital wall. This technique was used in 49 patients (58 orbits) between July 1995 and December 2000. The patients' ages ranged from 5 to 89 years (mean, 50 y). RESULTS: The transcaruncular anterior orbitotomy approach provided appropriate surgical exposure in all cases of orbital decompression for thyroid-related orbitopathy (in 33 orbits [26 patients]); for biopsy of medial orbital or orbital apex masses in 12 patients; and for drainage of an orbital abscess or marsupialization of a mucocele in 7 orbits (6 patients). Five patients (6 orbits) underwent a transcaruncular approach for release of medial rectus entrapment after fracture. The single complication was 1 patient who required a revision procedure for treatment of medial fornix scarring with resolution of diplopia. CONCLUSIONS: The transcaruncular approach provides a safe, rapid, and cosmetically pleasing surgical approach to the medial orbital wall and orbital apex. This technique can be used for a variety of indications.     

Study on the treatment of traumatic orbital apex syndrome by nasal endoscopic surgery

Orbital apex syndrome (OAS) is a complex disease caused by a variety of pathological factors, and trauma is one of the main factors/causes. Clinical data of 17 cases of traumatic OAS treated by nasal endoscopic surgery in our department from January 2002 to April 2009 were gathered and reviewed. Among them, the six patients presented with OAS after injury to the lateral wall of orbital apex. Seven other patients exhibited OAS after injury to the medial wall of orbital apex, two displayed OAS after zygomatic trauma, while OAS manifested in the other two patients with craniocerebral trauma 3?days after they had decompressive craniotomy??of them, one was blind in both eyes. In the 17 cases, 6 patients were without light sensation, 1 was blind in both eyes; the sight-chart index of eight patients was 0.1, that of three other patients was 0.1?C0.2. Fifteen patients displayed eyeball movement disturbance (disorder) and cornea sensory disturbance (disorder), two were with the eyeball abducent disturbance. After the nasal endoscopic surgeries for OAS performed on the 17, the sight of the most patients was restored in varying degrees. The sight of nine patients was between 0.2 and 0.3, that of two patients was between 0.1 and 0.2, that of the other two patients was 0.1, and that of four patients remained unchanged. The eyeball movement and the cornea esthesia in 15 patients recovered from the surgeries, one patient recovered with good eyeball adducent movement and the cornea esthesia but with eyeball abducent disturbance, the other patient did not make a recovery from the eyeball immobility, cornea anesthesia and ptosis. A follow-up lasting 2?months to 2?years suggested that the 16 patients had stable recovery from the surgeries. Satisfactory results could be achieved in the treatment of traumatic OAS by nasal endoscopic surgery. From objective assessment of the therapeutic effects of traumatic OAS, it can be concluded that if a patient is diagnosed with fractures of the optic canal and the superior and medial walls of orbital apex, nasal endoscopic decompression of superior and medial walls of orbital apex and optic canal via the approach to the sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses is the most ideal operative therapy.     

3D技术在鼻内镜手术精准治疗鼻前颅底恶性肿瘤中的应用

目的 探讨3D技术在鼻内镜手术精准治疗鼻前颅底恶性肿瘤及颅底功能重建手术中的作用。 方法 对21例鼻颅底恶性肿瘤患者术前行鼻窦冠状位CT或MRI扫描,并行3D影像重建及模型打印,根据3D成像及模型了解鼻颅底恶性肿瘤侵及范围、颅底及眶壁骨质的缺损大小形状,制定鼻内镜手术术式、肿瘤精准切除范围及颅底功能精准重建方法。 结果 患者肿瘤均一次手术全切除,其中6例行颅底功能精准重建术,无脑脊液鼻漏及颅内感染并发症。术后病理示鳞癌9例,嗅母细胞瘤5例,腺样囊腺癌3例,横纹肌肉瘤4例。术后行正规放疗,横纹肌肉瘤患者加化疗。经平均随访36个月,未发现肿瘤复发及与本肿瘤相关的死亡。 结论 3D成像及打印模型能清楚显示鼻颅底恶性肿瘤范围、颅底及眶壁骨质缺损的大小及形状,并有助于术者选择最佳内镜手术入路及手术方案,有重要临床指导作用。     

Medial and lateral orbital wall surgery for balanced decompression in thyroid eye disease

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Diplopia remains a major potential complication of orbital decompression performed for thyroid eye disease. We sought to examine the effect of medial and lateral wall surgery with sparing of the orbital floor on the incidence of postoperative diplopia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 63 consecutive medial and lateral orbital wall surgeries (40 patients) performed between December 1996 and May 2002 for orbital decompression of thyroid eye disease. RESULTS: The average patient age was 50.9 years of age (age range, 14-83 y). The studied group was predominantly female (sex ratio, 36:4). Indications were compressive optic neuropathy (34), exposure keratopathy (25), and aesthetic concerns (4). The mean time since surgery was 31.5 months (range, 3-69 mo). The medial wall was approached by a transcaruncular (59) or endoscopic (4) technique. Two patients had fat removal. The average improvement in exophthalmos was 4.1 mm (range, 0-10 mm). The average palpebral fissure improvement was 2.0 mm (range, 0-7 mm). Two patients had cerebrospinal fluid leaks during excavation of the sphenoid bone. These were diagnosed and repaired primarily without complication. New-onset diplopia occurred in four patients. Two of these patients required strabismus surgery. CONCLUSION: A 10% new-onset diplopia rate compares favorably with other surgical series. Medial and lateral wall surgery only, sparing the floor, may reduce diplopia after surgery for orbital decompression in thyroid eye disease.