Color Doppler ultrasonographic detection of a vibrating needle system

The purpose of this study was to compare needle detection using a commercially available vibrating needle system that is used with color Doppler sonography and conventional real-time needle guidance during ultrasonographically guided intervention. Twenty-four paired (48 total) sonographically guided needle placements were performed in 22 patients for fine needle biopsy. Two patients underwent two additional needle placements at later times and, therefore, underwent a total of four needle passes each. Twenty-four of the needles were placed utilizing conventional real-time ultrasonographic guidance, and 24 were guided using a commercially available vibrating needle system. The Color Mark System was compared with standard technique for needle visualization and graded according to ease of needle visualization (improved, no change, or more difficult visualization). This was done for both needle tip and needle shaft visualization. Visualization was graded in both superficial (less than 3 cm deep) and deep structures. Overall needle tip and shaft visualization improved in 14 of 24 cases in superficial tissues and in three of 24 cases in superficial and deep tissues with the Color Mark System. The vibrating needle system also was judged to be somewhat cumbersome when used with a 22 gauge needle, as its weight tended to bend the needle shaft. The needle vibrating system may enhance needle visualization in superficial structures, but with the present design it is of limited use in deep tissues.     

Arteriovenous fistula after renal biopsy in children.

Our objective was to assess the prevalence and history of arteriovenous fistula after renal biopsy in pediatric patients by the use of color Doppler sonography. Fifty patients, aged 6 days to 18.5 years, underwent sonographically guided renal biopsy. Color Doppler sonography was performed prior to, during, and after the procedure. Postbiopsy hematoma was detected in 46 patients (92%), of whom 10 suffered clinically significant bleeds. Six patients (age range, 8 to 18.5 years) developed postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula. In three cases the arteriovenous fistula diminished spontaneously, one persisted without symptoms, and two symptomatic arteriovenous fistulas needed coil implantation. Color Doppler sonography demonstrated all arteriovenous fistulas 4 hours after the procedure and duplex Doppler sonography demonstrated the flow disturbances in the feeding and draining vessels. We conclude that color Doppler sonography allows noninvasive detection and follow-up study of postbiopsy arteriovenous fistula, thus helping to define management after interventional procedures.     

经软腭超声引导细针穿刺诊断咽旁间隙肿瘤

目的探讨经软腭彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)诊断咽旁间隙肿瘤的应用价值.方法应用7.0 MHz腔内彩色多普勒超声探头对CT或MRI发现的40例(43个)咽旁间隙内可疑病变行软腭CDFI扫查.观察病变形态、大小、内部回声及血流情况,并行超声引导下细针穿刺(FNA)病理细胞学诊断.结果40例经CDFI扫查显示病变43个,FNA细胞学诊断良性病变6个,恶性病变32个,5个病变内未见癌细胞,其中2个病变CDFI检查高度怀疑为恶性病变,经鼻咽活检病理确诊为鼻咽癌.结论经软腭超声引导细针穿刺细胞学诊断是一种诊断鼻咽部肿瘤的新方法.当病变局限于咽旁间隙内时,FNA是对常规鼻咽活检一种有益的补充,可以提高鼻咽癌的早期诊断率.     

Has color Doppler a role in the evaluation of mammary lesions?

Has color Doppler a role in the evaluation of mammary lesions? A schematic review of color Doppler diagnostic criteria, indicating a benign or malignant lesion, are described.Malignant tumors have a tendency to show increased vascularization, but avascular tumors may be found as well as hypervascular benign tumors.Number of vessels, blood-flow velocity, and intra-tumoral vessel resistance assessed by color Doppler ultrasonography don’t permit clear differentiation between malignant and benign tumors, but intra-tumoral blood-flow analysis well correlates with aggressiveness and histological grade of the mass, so a preoperative assessment using Color Doppler may give preliminary prognostic informations useful for therapeutic planning.Color Doppler ultrasound may be valuable also in assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in particular of antiangiogenesis treatments.Color Doppler ultrasound has many other useful applications in the evaluation of diseases of the female and male breast, that are reviewed in the paper.Color Doppler however is not conceived as a stand-alone examination, but associated with B-mode ultrasound that is quite effective as a diagnostic tool, often not requiring Doppler informations.     

彩色超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活检的临床价值研究

目的探讨彩色超声引导下乳腺肿块穿刺活检的临床价值。方法采用Bard可调式自动活检枪，16G切割活检针，实时彩色超声监视，每个病灶取材2～4次。结果105例乳腺实性占位性病变，共112个病灶，80例获手术病理，怀疑恶性2例，不符1例，假阴性2例，诊断敏感性95．2％（100／105），诊断准确率达97．1％（102／105）。结论彩色超声引导下对乳腺病变进行穿刺活检，与手术切除病理诊断有很强的一致性，且副作用少，简单安全，成本低，容易被患者接受，值得临床推广使用。     

彩超实时引导活检枪法与B超定位手动法肾穿刺活检结果分析

目的 探讨彩超实时引导活检枪法与Ｂ超定位手动法肾活检的差别。方法 对２８例彩超实时引导活检枪法２０例Ｂ超定位手动法肾脏穿刺活检结果进行回顾性比较分析。结果 彩超引导活检枪法成功率１００％,肉眼血尿为０,镜下血尿３６．８％,肾包膜下及肾周血肿为０,而Ｂ超定位手动法分别为８０％,３０％,８６．７％及２０％,具有显著统计学差异,本文对两种不同结果的原因进行了讨论。结论 彩超实时引导活检枪法在安全性及取材     

Impalpable thoracic bony lesions diagnosed by sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy.

Impalpable osteolytic lesions may be detected and diagnosed by ultrasonography and sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy. Eleven cases with bone destruction found on chest radiographs were proved to be malignant by sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy. The bony lesions were all hypoechoic and could be demonstrated easily. No complications or discomfort occurred after needle aspiration. Bony lesions can be detected by ultrasonography only when pathologic changes have occurred. Ultrasonography and sonographically guided needle aspiration biopsy provide a simple, convenient, and non-invasive method for detecting and diagnosing impalpable osteolytic lesions.     

彩色多普勒超声引导下穿刺活检技术的临床应用价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声引导下的穿刺活检术的应用价值。方法63例因临床体检、影像检查有异常肿块，或肝肾有弥漫性病变者行穿刺活检术。结果58例明确诊断，5例诊断不明确。结论彩色多普勒超声引导的穿刺活检术，安全、准确性高，是临床上较为理想的穿刺活检术。     

Percutaneous biopsy of liver tumors with color Doppler US guidance

Background: Percutaneous liver biopsy is a well-established procedure. Aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of color Doppler ultrasound (US) for guiding percutaneous biopsy of liver tumors in patients at high risk of bleeding. Methods: Forty-seven patients with severe, uncorrectable coagulopathy (platelet count <50 × 10⁹/L and/or prothrombin time ratio [normal/patient] <50%) were submitted to percutaneous biopsy of focal liver lesions using a 21 G cutting needle. The procedure was guided by color Doppler US, avoiding the needle cross into any liver or tumor vessel. Results: Biopsy material was adequate for pathological reading in 46/47 cases (97.9%). No major post-biopsy complication was observed. In particular, no case of hemoperitoneum was detected on US examinations performed 2 hours after biopsy. Minor complications (including one subcapsular hematoma) occurred in 4 patients (8.5%). Conclusions: Color Doppler US can safely guide percutaneous liver biopsy in patients at high-risk of bleeding.     

囊性肾癌的超声和CT对照研究

目的 探讨囊性肾癌的超声表现及其诊断价值。方法 20例住院病例术前均行超声检查，并与CT对照。结果 20例囊性肾癌均经手术和病理证实，其中左侧12例，右侧8例，超声和CT均全部检出。常规超声病灶表现为单房或多房囊肿5例，瘤内分隔10例，瘤内结节4例，类实质回声1例。彩色多普勒超声发现瘤内血流18例，其中测及动脉频谱17例，阻力指数平均为0．66。CT表现为病灶增强后，早期不均匀强化19例，分隔强化6例，结节强化4例。常规超声联合彩色多普勒超声诊断准确率85％，CT诊断准确率80％。结论 常规超声联合彩色多普勒超声和增强CT对囊性肾癌的诊断有重要价值。     

Mesenteric panniculitis: sonographic findings

BACKGROUND: Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is a relatively rare disease, and sonographic (US) and color Doppler findings have been infrequently reported. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical data and US and Doppler results of three cases of MP to determine the role and limitations of these techniques. RESULTS: The sole presenting clinical sign was a soft mass. On US the lesion was imaged as a poorly margined echogenic mass with hypoechoic areas. Color Doppler US visualized the nondeviated mesenteric vessels within the mass, which enabled us to perform a safe guided biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: US is useful as an initial diagnostic tool, but its results must be interpreted carefully. Color Doppler US is very useful in demonstrating fine vessels and helps in performing a safe needle biopsy.     

颈动脉体瘤的彩色多普勒超声的诊断价值

目的分析颈动脉体瘤的二维和彩色多普勒超声声像图特点,探讨超声诊断颈动脉体瘤的价值。方法对10例经手术后病理证实的颈动脉体瘤患者的颈部肿块进行彩色多普勒超声检查,观察其位置、形态、大小、边界、内部回声,与颈动脉的关系等。结果肿块位于颈动脉分叉处,颈内、外动脉间距增大,常围绕颈总动脉、颈内动脉或颈外动脉生长。肿块呈中低回声,内部回声不均匀,边界清楚,无包膜,血流较丰富,为动-静脉血流频谱。结论颈动脉体瘤的声像图表现有一定的特异性,彩色多普勒超声可提供肿块与颈动脉血管的关系,为手术提供重要信息,在颈动脉体瘤的诊断中具有重要价值。     

Sonographically guided renal mass biopsy: indications and efficacy.

PURPOSE: To review the clinical indications, pathologic results, and success rate of all our sonographically guided solid renal mass biopsies over a 5-year period. METHODS: Between 1993 and 1998, 44 consecutive patients underwent sonographically guided percutaneous biopsy of a solid renal mass. Indications included prior history of nonrenal malignancy, metastatic disease of unknown primary origin, previous contralateral nephrectomy for a renal cell neoplasm, a renal transplant mass, suspected renal lymphoma, history of tuberous sclerosis, and poor surgical candidacy. Aspiration biopsies were initially performed with 22- to 18-gauge spinal needles. If the initial cytologic evaluation findings were nondiagnostic, core biopsies were then performed with 20- to 18-gauge core biopsy guns. Dictated sonographic reports of the biopsies were reviewed to determine the following: indication for biopsy, location and size of the renal mass, needle gauge and type, number of needle passes, and complications. Final cytologic and surgical pathologic records were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-six (82%) of the 44 biopsy specimens were diagnostic. Aspirated smears were diagnostic in 24 (67%) of these cases, with the diagnosis made on the basis of cell block alone in an additional 2 (6%). A definitive diagnosis came from core biopsy alone in 10 cases (28%). The 18-gauge core needle yielded diagnostic results more reliably than the 20-gauge core needle, and a significant correlation was seen between core biopsy needle size and the rate of diagnostic core samples (P = .017). Pathologic diagnoses included renal cell carcinoma (n = 18), lymphoma (n = 4), oncocytic neoplasm (n = 4), transitional cell carcinoma (n = 2), angiomyolipoma (n = 1), papillary cortical neoplasm (n = 1), and metastatic carcinoma (n = 6). Complications were seen in 4 (9%) of 44 cases; all were treated conservatively. CONCLUSIONS: For specific clinical indications, sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration and core biopsy of a solid renal mass can be performed safely. In many cases, a definitive diagnosis can be made on the basis of fine-needle aspiration alone. However, diagnosis may ultimately require core biopsy, for which 18-gauge core needles would be more reliably diagnostic than 20-gauge needles.     

颈动脉体瘤的超声诊断

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在颈动脉体瘤中的应用价值,分析超声仪器及超声医生经验与诊断的相关性.方法总结21例手术后病理证实的颈动脉体瘤患者的超声表现,用SPSS 10.0统计学软件分析超声仪器及超声医生经验与诊断的相关性.结果颈动脉体瘤表现为颈动脉分叉处低回声肿物,边界清晰有包膜,常包绕颈内、外动脉及颈内静脉等周围血管.颈内、外动脉受挤压可使两血管之间角度增大出现"金杯"征,肿瘤内部血流信号非常丰富.结论超声医生的经验及彩色多普勒超声仪器可显著提高诊断水平.     

彩色多普勒超声引导经外周穿刺置入中心静脉导管

目的 评价应用彩色多普勒超声引导经外周穿刺置入中心静脉导管的实用性和临床价值.方法 32例需要中长期静脉输液和用药的患者接受经外周穿刺置入中心静脉导管,应用彩色多普勒超声选择穿刺血管,确立最佳穿刺点及穿刺角度,对穿刺全过程进行动态监测和引导,并对导管末端进行初步定位.结果 32例患者均在彩超引导下穿刺置管成功,成功率为100%;穿刺引导时间为22 s～19 min,30例1次穿刺成功,1次成功率为93.75%.结论 彩超引导外周穿刺置入中心静脉导管可明显提高穿刺成功率,缩短穿刺时间,减少并发症,是一种简便、安全、可靠的方法.     

Metastases to intramammary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer: sonographic findings

PURPOSE: To describe the sonographic characteristics of intramammary lymph node metastasis (ILNM) in patients with breast cancer and to assess the value of sonography and sonographically guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in their diagnosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts and films of 19 women with biopsy-documented ILNM who were seen in our breast diagnostic center between December 1999 and July 2003. The sonographic appearance of the nodes was analyzed and correlated with clinical and mammographic findings and with biopsy results. RESULTS: The ILNMs were clinically and mammographically occult in 7 (37%) of the 19 women. The diameter of the ILNMs was less than 1 cm in 15 (79%) cases. The volume of the central echogenic hilum was less than 50% of the total volume of the node in each of the patients. There was marked decrease in cortical echogenicity of the ILN in all cases. Metastatic involvement was established via sonographically guided FNAB in each of the 19 suspicious intramammary lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Sonography and sonographically guided FNAB are valuable methods of assessment for ILNM in patients with known or suspected breast cancer. The most consistent sonographic features associated with ILNM were reduction in the volume of the central echogenic hilum and marked hypoechogenicity of the node's cortex.     

Sonographically guided core needle biopsy of bone and soft tissue tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of sonographically guided core needle biopsies of musculoskeletal tumors as a reliable alternative to fluoroscopy and computed tomography. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in 74 patients referred for image-guided needle biopsy of primary or recurrent musculoskeletal neoplasms and suspected solitary metastasis. Imaging studies performed before biopsy established the feasibility of sonographic guidance in 65 lesions, of which 38 were soft tissue tumors and 27 were bone lesions with extraosseous masses. The lesions were located mainly in the appendicular skeleton. Tissue samples were obtained with a 14-gauge cutting needle coupled to an automated biopsy device under local anesthesia and sonographic guidance. Statistical analysis was based on 48 biopsies confirmed by successful clinical treatment (10 cases) or surgical resection (38 cases). RESULTS: An accurate diagnosis was obtained in 47 (97%) of 48 biopsies; sensitivity was 96%, and specificity was 100%. The method did not yield sufficient tissue to establish a diagnosis in 1 case. Considering all 65 biopsies, high-quality specimens were obtained in 96%. The procedure was carried out expeditiously, and there were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided core needle biopsy is accurate and safe, obviating open biopsy in most soft tissue masses and bone tumors with extraosseous masses in the appendicular skeleton. In such patients, the sonographically guided procedure is the most prompt and effective method for obtaining tissue samples.     

超声引导下乳腺小病变的活检

目的评估实时超声引导下穿刺活检对乳腺小病变良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法21例乳腺小病变均经高频超声与彩色多普勒超声检查,并根据二维声像特征按Stasrov分类法将乳腺小病变分成恶性组(5例)、性质未定组(13例)及良性组(3例)。所有病例均在实时超声引导下行乳腺活检取得病理诊断。结果高频彩超诊断为恶性可能组的5例中,3例活检病理证实为恶性肿瘤,2例活检病理为良性,误诊率为40%;高频彩超诊断为性质未定组13例中除1例活检病理证实为恶性外,其余12例活检病理均为良性。高频彩超诊断为良性组3例,活检病理均为良性。21例中有7例乳腺病变作手术切除,术后病理与穿刺病理相一致。结论实时超声引导下行乳腺小病变穿刺活检,可以进一步提高早期乳腺癌的确诊率,是一种理想的术前诊断方法之一。     

肝脏实性占位病变超声诊断的临床研究

目的 :探讨肝脏实性占位病变尤其是≤ 3cm的小肝癌应用二维超声和彩色多普勒的诊断价值。方法 :采用 Medison- 880 0及 Toshiba- 35 0彩色多普勒超声诊断仪 ,探头频率为 3.5 MHz,对 16 8个肝脏实性占位病变进行检查 ,并与超声引导下细针穿刺活检所得病理结果对照。结果 :16 8个肝脏实性占位病变中 ,肝细胞肝癌和肝转移癌占 72 % (12 1/ 16 8) ;32个≤ 3cm肝脏占位病变中 ,肝细胞肝癌和肝转移癌占 5 3% (17/ 32 )。结论 :彩色多普勒超声检查可提高肝脏占位病变的诊断 ,对病灶性质存有异议时可行超声引导下穿刺活检     

“Fluid color” sign: a useful indicator for discrimination between pleural thickening and pleural effusion.

Color Doppler imaging has been applied traditionally in the evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. Recently it was observed that color signal may appear within the fluid collection in the pleural space during respiratory and cardiac cycles ("fluid color sign"). We performed this applicability of fluid color sign to the detection of pleural fluid capable of being removed to assess needle aspiration. From July 1992 to February 1994, we prospectively analyzed 76 patients who were suspected of having minimal pleural effusion on the basis of their chest radiographs. All patients were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography for the presence of fluid color sign, which was followed by needle aspiration to verify the presence of pleural effusion. Among the 65 patients with aspiratable fluid, 58 demonstrated positive fluid color sign (sensitivity 89.2%). None of the patients with solid pleural thickening showed fluid color sign (specificity 100%). With its relatively high sensitivity and specificity, the fluid color sign may be a useful diagnostic aid to real-time, gray scale ultrasonography for minimal or loculated effusion.