台盼蓝囊膜染色剂在复明工程成熟期白内障手术撕囊中的应用

目的 探讨台盼蓝囊膜染色剂在白内障复明工程白内障手术撕囊中的应用价值。设计 回顾性比较性病例系列。研究对象 2012-2013年期间河北省兴隆县人民医院“百万贫困白内障患者复明工程” 成熟期或过熟期白内障手术患者84例（84眼）。方法 随机分为观察组和对照组,每组42例（42眼）。观察组超声乳化白内障手术过程中接受0.1 ml 0.1%台盼蓝磷酸盐缓冲溶液前囊膜染色后行连续环形撕囊,对照组超声乳化白内障术中撕囊前未予染色。主要指标  术中囊膜染色情况,撕囊成功率,术后视力、眼压、前房炎症反应、角膜水肿及后囊混浊情况。结果 观察组台盼蓝染色后,晶状体前囊膜100%被染成淡蓝色。撕囊成功率观察组97.6%,对照组78.6%（P=0.003）;术后1个月视力、眼压、前房炎症反应、角膜水肿情况两组比较差异无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）;术后3个月后囊膜明显混浊观察组1/42例、对照组6/42例（P=0.027）。结论 白内障复明工程成熟期或过熟期白内障手术中采取台盼蓝囊膜染色剂行前囊膜染色,使连续环形撕囊相对容易,保证手术更顺利进行。（眼科,2014,23：271-273）     

外伤性白内障防止术后后囊浑浊的研究--二次撕囊联合后囊撕囊的效果分析

目的 评价二次撕囊联合后囊撕囊手术防止外伤性白内障术后后囊浑浊的效果。方法 将在外伤性白内障手术过程中行二次撕囊联合后囊撕囊的62例（62眼）定为观察组；随机抽取62例（62眼）在手术过程中未行二次撕囊联合后囊撕囊的定为对照组。将两组在术后随访过程中观察记录的晶状体后囊中央部浑浊程度进行统计学分析。结果 术后随访发现在两组后囊中央部浑浊同级别比较中，观察组：对照组：0级者为37：8（x^2=29．334，P〈0．01），1级者为17：30（x^2=5．791，P=0．016），2级者为5：13（x^2=4．159，P=0．041），3级和4级者为3：11（x^2=5．153，P=0．023），观察组后囊无浑浊的例数明显增多，各级后囊浑浊例数均明显少于对照组。结论 二次撕囊联合后囊撕嵌在外伤性白内障手术中应用，晶状体后囊中央部浑浊程度在一定时间内明显减轻。     

后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术在先天性白内障手术中的应用

目的观察先天性白内障手术中联合后囊连续环形撕囊及前段玻璃体切除术的意义。方法 50例（79眼）年龄2月～8岁先天性白内障施行摘出手术（超过2岁者植入人工晶状体）。其中21例（31眼）联合后囊连续环形撕囊（Ⅰ组）,29例（48眼）联合后囊连续环形撕囊及前段玻璃体切除术（Ⅱ组）。随访6～36个月,观察并比较两组视力及后囊浑浊的情况。结果术后矫正视力≥0.5者,Ⅰ组11眼（35.48%）,Ⅱ组31眼（64.58%）;视力0.3～0.4者,Ⅰ组14眼（45.16%）,Ⅱ组14眼（29.17%）;视力≤0.2者,Ⅰ组6眼（19.35%）,Ⅱ组3眼（6.25%）;两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=5.38,P〈0.05）。后发性白内障（后囊浑浊≥3级者）,Ⅰ组9眼（29.03%）,Ⅱ组2眼（4.17%）;两组比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.69,P〈0.05）。均未出现眼底并发症。结论后囊连续环形撕囊联合前段玻璃体切除术能明显降低儿童先天性白内障术后后发障的发生率。     

电热截囊环用于离体猪晶状体截囊的实验研究

目的 观察使用镍铬合金电热截囊环对离体猪晶状体前囊膜的截囊效果。设计实验研究。研究对象离体猪眼球50例。方法50例离体猪眼球随机分为两组:传统连续环形撕囊组(传统组)和电热截囊环辅助截囊组(电热组),每组25例。手术操作在去除角膜后进行,操作全程录像,完成操作后拍照记录前囊口与角巩膜缘。应用计算机软件PotPlayer、Digimizer及MATLAB对图像中的前囊口边缘及角巩膜缘进行标记分析与数学计算,比较两组离体猪眼球前囊膜的截囊效果。主要指标前囊口的圆度误差值(△Z)、偏心程度(B)、直径(D)、直径误差值(△D)、截囊时间(T)。结果实验过程中均未发生前囊膜径向撕裂。传统组平均△Z、B、D、△D、T分别为(17.57±6.10)px、(36.99±17.59)px、(5.51±0.95) mm、(0.59±0.49) mm、(26.12±8.82)s;电热组分别为(16.95±7.08) px、(25.54±15.78) px、(5.29±0.50) mm、(0.21±0.23) mm、(43.48±12.31) s。两组的△Z (Z=-0.534,P=0.594)、D(t=1...     

水下连续环形撕囊在硬核白内障手术中的应用

目的 观察水下连续环形撕囊技术在手法小切口硬核白内障手术中的临床效果.方法 我院白内障236例（278眼）.年龄53 ～88岁.晶状体核硬度Ⅳ～Ⅴ级.随机分为两组：常规撕囊组（122眼）：晶状体核硬度Ⅳ级72眼,Ⅴ级50眼,水下撕囊组（156眼）：晶状体核硬度Ⅳ级94眼,Ⅴ级62眼.比较两组环形撕囊成功率、手术源性散光度、术中术后并发症.随访3个月.结果 水下撕囊组成功率显著高于常规撕囊组（x2 =8.818,P＜0.01）.两组手术前后散光度差异无统计学意义,组间术后散光差异无统计学意义.常规撕囊组中有3眼后囊破裂,水下撕囊组中有2眼后囊小范围破裂.结论 水下环形撕囊技术便捷易行、安全实用,适合成熟期和过熟期白内障的各种硬度的核.     

两种先天性白内障手术方式预防后发性白内障的比较

目的比较2种先天性白内障手术方式预防后发性白内障的临床效果。方法回顾性分析先天性白内障患者89例（98眼）,按手术方式分为2组,A组42例（47眼）为超声乳化白内障摘出＋人工晶状体植入＋后囊膜撕囊术组;B组47例（51眼）为超声乳化白内障摘出＋人工晶状体植入＋后囊膜撕囊＋前段玻璃体切割术组,分别观察2组术后视力和后发性白内障的发生情况。结果A组发生后发性白内障者24眼,占51.06%;其中21眼行YAG激光后囊膜切开,3眼不合作者行手术后囊膜切开术。B组发生后发性白内障者10眼,占19.61%;其中8眼行YAG激光后囊膜切开术,2眼不合作行手术后囊膜切开术。2组术后后发性白内障发生率的比较,差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。结论与超声乳化白内障摘出＋人工晶状体植入＋后囊膜撕囊术相比,超声乳化白内障摘出＋人工晶状体植入＋后囊膜撕囊＋前段玻璃体切割术能更好地减少先天性白内障术后后发性白内障的发生率。     

张力环植入与人工晶状体囊袋内单襻缝线固定两种手术方式的对比研究

目的　比较白内障超声乳化联合囊袋张力环及人工晶状体囊袋内植入术,与白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体囊袋内单襻缝线固定术两种手术方式治疗白内障合并晶状体不全脱位的临床效果。方法　收集白内障伴晶状体不全脱位33例（41眼）,按手术方式分为两组,其中A组行囊袋张力环及人工晶状体囊袋内植入术,共14例17眼;B组行人工晶状体囊袋内单襻缝线固定术,共19例（24眼）。对两组术后视力、眼压、手术并发症及IOL稳定性等资料进行统计学分析。结果　A组术后最佳矫正视力为0.66±0.15;1眼（5.9%）发生低眼压;5眼（29.4%）发生高眼压;8眼（47.1%）发生人工晶状体-囊袋张力环复合体脱位;12眼（70.6%）发生后发性白内障。B组术后最佳矫正视力为0.72±0.14;8眼（33.3%）发生低眼压;1眼（4.2%）发生高眼压;18眼（75.0%）发生后发性白内障。两组术后最佳矫正视力差异无统计学意义（t=-1.150,P=0.257）;术后低眼压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.377,P=0.036）;术后高眼压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.077,P=0.024）。结论　两种手术方法均能有效改善患者视力,达到相似的临床效果。     

老年性白内障超乳术中晶状体囊相关风险研究

目的 评估不同程度老年性白内障超声乳化手术中晶状体囊相关的手术风险。方法 回顾性分析老年性白内障的超声乳化手术432例（566眼）。根据白内障成熟程度分为研究组（成熟期和过熟期白内障）和对照组（未熟期白内障）,记录术中发生的相关并发症,以Fisher精确概率法将两组间的数据进行对比分析。结果 在研究组232眼中,撕囊失败12眼（5．2％）,后囊破裂6眼（2．6％）,其中4眼（1．7％）人工晶状体固定在睫状沟;在对照组334眼中,所有病例均成功完成了撕囊,2眼后囊破裂（0．6％）,所有病例的人工晶状体均成功植入囊袋。结论 成熟期和过熟期老年性白内障超声乳化手术晶状体囊相关并发症发生率较未熟期高（X^2=18．54,P〈0．01）,尽管应用囊染色剂可以方便撕囊操作,但是撕囊仍是成熟期和过熟期白内障的超声乳化手术中最困难的步骤。     

手法小切口白内障术中累及悬韧带区的连续环形撕囊的安全性探讨

目的：探讨在手法小切口白内障术中超出无悬韧带区域的连续环形撕囊的安全性及有效性。方法：采用手法无缝线白内障囊外摘除术对住院1 443例1 965眼白内障患者进行手术,术中采用连续环形撕囊法制作7～8mm直径前囊口,对患者术中撕囊是否成功、后囊破裂、术后角膜水肿及视力等情况进行统计学分析,研究其手术价值。结果：患者1 965眼中,1 942眼（98.83%）连续撕囊成功; 15眼（0.76%）囊膜瓣向周边撕裂不能挽救,留有放射状裂口一个; 8眼（0.41%）因为囊膜钙化机化等原因无法常规撕囊,采用囊膜剪开及截囊等方法完成前囊开口。所有病例,均无后囊破裂发生,并顺利植入人工晶状体。术后一过性角膜水肿36眼（1.83%）。术后1d,视力≥0.5者1 650眼（83.97%）,≥0.3者1 867眼（95.01%）。人工晶状体位置正并且稳定。结论：在手法白内障术中用连续环形撕囊方法制作累及悬韧带区域的大于常规直径的前囊口,并未降低囊袋和人工晶状体的稳定性,使手术安全性提高,值得推广和应用。     

电子撕囊针在白色白内障手术中的应用

目的　评估电子撕囊针在白色白内障手术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法　３０例（３０眼）白色白内障患者随机分为常规撕囊组和电子撕囊组,各１５眼,均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。常规撕囊组用传统撕囊镊撕囊,电子撕囊组用电子撕囊针撕囊。观察两组撕囊状况及人工晶状体植入情况。结果　两组所有患者均顺利完成白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术。除常规撕囊组１眼行人工晶状体睫状沟植入外,其余患者均囊袋内植入。常规撕囊组撕囊优良率只有２０％,失败率达６０％,而电子撕囊组撕囊优良率达１００％,两组差异有统计学意义（χ２＝１４．５２,Ｐ＜０．０１）。术后１周２组矫正视力和角膜内皮细胞计数差异均无统计学意义（均为Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论　白色白内障超声乳化术中使用电子撕囊针撕囊安全有效。     

Elastic properties and scanning electron microscopic appearance of manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and vitrectorhexis in an animal model of pediatric cataract

PURPOSE: To compare the tear resistance of anterior capsulotomies using manual continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) and vitrector-cut capsulotomy (vitrectorhexis) techniques in an animal model of the pediatric eye and in 2 pairs of human infant eyes. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA. METHODS: Continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and automated vitrectorhexis capsulotomy techniques were performed in 20 pig eyes, 10 with each technique. The capsules were then stretched until they ruptured. The forces required for rupture after each technique were compared. The forces required for rupture of the pig eye lens capsule were also compared with those required for the human infant eye lens capsule. Scanning electron microscopy was performed in each group following intraocular lens (IOL) insertion. RESULTS: All capsules stretched adequately for IOL insertion. The percentage of stretch prior to rupture was higher in the capsulorhexis group (mean 157%, range 147% to 169%) than in the vitrectorhexis group (mean 135%, range 124% to 147%) (P < .001). The percentage of stretch in the human infant eyes was not statistically different from that in the porcine eyes (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The manual CCC offered greater resistance to capsule tearing than the vitrectorhexis and also revealed a more smooth, regular edge. It therefore remains the gold standard. However, the vitrectorhexis displayed more than adequate resistance to unwanted anterior capsule tears when used for IOL insertion through capsulotomy sizes currently used in clinical practice.     

Fate of anterior capsule tears during cataract surgery

PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of anterior capsule tears, at what stage of surgery they occurred, and their intraoperative behavior. SETTING: Ambulatory surgery center, Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. METHODS: This 5-year retrospective study was of patients having phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation complicated by unplanned peripheral extension of the capsulorhexis tear or a radial anterior capsule tear. The operative notes and a videotape of the surgery were reviewed. The stage at which the tear was initially observed and when it extended were identified, as was whether the tear extended to the posterior capsule. Anterior vitrectomy and the design and location of the IOL implanted were also analyzed. RESULTS: A discontinuous anterior capsulorhexis or a break in the anterior capsule rim was observed in 21 eyes of 2646 cases, for an overall incidence of 0.79%. Anterior capsule tears were identified during ophthalmic viscosurgical device injection in 1 eye, capsulorhexis in 13 eyes, hydrodissection in 2 eyes, phacoemulsification in 3 eyes, irrigation/aspiration (I/A) in 1 eye, and implantation of a prosthetic iris device in 1 eye. Seven of the 13 tears identified during the capsulorhexis were managed by redirecting the second edge of the "safety" capsulorhexis to incorporate the tear. In 14 eyes, the tear in the anterior capsule extended into the zonules; 4 of these tears were limited. Ten tears extended around the equator and through the posterior capsule, occurring during the hydrodissection in 1 eye, phacoemulsification in 2 eyes, I/A in 1 eye, and IOL implantation in 6 eyes. An anterior vitrectomy was required in 4 eyes that had posterior capsule involvement. Endocapsular fixation of a 1-piece acrylic IOL was achieved in 18 eyes. Three eyes required implantation of a 3-piece acrylic IOL in the ciliary sulcus. CONCLUSIONS: Extension of an anterior capsule tear can complicate cataract surgery at any stage. Extension of the tear through the posterior capsule occurred in almost half the eyes with an anterior capsule tear, often requiring an anterior vitrectomy. Managing an anterior capsule tear can be challenging yet compatible with implantation of a posterior chamber IOL.     

小切口非超声乳化白内障手术四种娩核方式的对比观察

目的探讨小切口非超声乳化白内障手术中4种不同娩核方式的特点及疗效。方法选白内障患者200例（200只眼）,随机分为4组,接受小切口非超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,分别通过黏弹剂娩核法、前房维持器娩核法、晶状体圈匙娩核法及前房内劈核法完成娩核过程,观察记录娩核时间、术后角膜水肿程度及术后视力。结果娩核时间（s）：黏弹剂组：11±2,维持器组：17±2,圈匙组：24±3,劈核组：63±5,经方差分析及最小显著性差异法（least-significant difference,LSD）检验,各组间均有统计学差异（P=0.00）;术后第1天角膜内皮水肿（≥2级）眼数（只）黏弹粘组：7（15%）,维持器组：10（20%）,圈匙组：19（40%）,劈核组：38（75%）,经检验,劈核组与黏弹粘组、维持器组以及圈匙组均存在统计学差异（Z=-7.477,-6.882,-4.294;P=0.00）,黏弹剂组与圈匙组存在统计学差异（Z=-3.281;P=0.001）。术后第1天视力≥0.3的眼数（只）：黏弹剂组：45（90%）,维持器组：43（85%）,圈匙组：33（65%）,劈核组：13（25%）,经检验,黏弹剂组优于圈匙组和劈核组（P=0.00）,维持器组和圈匙组均优于劈核组（P=0.00）。结论在临床应用中,4种娩核方式各有特点。其中,黏弹剂娩核法、前房维持器娩核法因其操作简便,损伤小,术后视力恢复良好,值得临床推广。     

Two-stage capsulorhexis for endocapsular phacoemulsification

The continuous tear anterior capsulotomy or capsulorhexis technique is important for safe, successful cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation surgery. A two-stage continuous tear capsulotomy or capsulorhexis extends the possibility of achieving continuous tear capsulotomy to challenging and complicated cases. In endocapsular phacoemulsification this technique preserves the integrity of the capsule because it prevents the extension of radial tears in the capsule and thus facilitates safe cataract extraction and secure in-the-bag IOL placement. The benefits and advantages of the continuous tear capsulotomy are preserved by two-stage capsulorhexis.     

微量美蓝前囊染色在白色白内障连续环形撕囊术中的应用

目的：探讨以微量美蓝着色前囊膜提高白色白内障前囊在术中的辨别率的可行性和技术方法。方法：前房内注入消毒空气,水分离针抽取1％美蓝注射剂0．01ml,注入前囊中央表面,轻轻磨擦30s,粘弹剂置换出空气,撕囊镊完成连续环形撕囊术,结果：32例39例眼中35只眼中35只眼获得圆形或类圆形撕囊口,占89．7％,3只眼产生1个方位放射状裂口,1只眼产生2个方位放射状裂口,术后未见明显前房反应和裂隙灯显微镜下所见的内皮反应。结论：微量美蓝前囊染色可安全有效地应用于白色白内障连续环形撕囊术中,但必须注意操作技巧。     

Influence of indocyanine green staining on the biomechanical properties of porcine anterior lens capsule

PURPOSE: Indocyanine green (ICG) has recently been introduced in cataract surgery to stain the anterior lens capsule for better visualization of the capsulorhexis. The aim of the current in vitro study was to examine the effect of ICG staining on the biomechanical strength of the anterior porcine lens capsule. METHODS: Two parallel, 8 mm anterior lens capsule strips were prepared from each of 65 porcine postmortem eyes. ICG staining combined with white light exposure of 0.5, 1, 3, and 30 min duration was conducted. Unstained, nonilluminated and 0.1% glutaraldehyde-treated specimens were used as controls. Biomechanical stress-strain measurements were performed using an automated material tester. The absorption spectrum of the 0.5% ICG solution and the emission spectrum of the light source were controlled. RESULTS: After ICG staining combined with at least 3 min light exposure, a significant increase of stress (31%) at 25% strain and a significant decrease (7%) in ultimate strain was found. Without light exposure, there was no such effect, suggesting a light-dependent process. After 30 min of 0.1% glutaraldehyde treatment, there was a similar increase in stress (322%) at 25% strain and a decrease (47.6%) in ultimate strain. CONCLUSIONS: ICG staining of the lens capsule causes a significant increase in elastic stiffness and a reduction in ultimate extensibility, thereby facilitating a smooth continuous capsulorhexis. The effect is due to a photosensitizing effect of ICG, leading to collagen cross-linking.     

Effect of lens epithelial cell aspiration on postoperative capsulorhexis contraction with the use of the AcrySof intraocular lens: randomized clinical trial

PURPOSE: To determine whether aspiration of lens epithelial cells (LECs) from under the anterior capsule reduces postoperative contraction of the capsulorhexis aperture. SETTING: Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom. METHODS: This prospective randomized observer-masked study comprised 100 patients who had routine phacoemulsification by the same surgeon at a district general hospital in the United Kingdom. The postoperative changes in capsulorhexis apertures and anterior capsule opacification (ACO) between Group A (aspiration of LECs) and Group B (control) were compared. Digital retroillumination images of the capsulorhexis aperture were taken 1 week and 3 months postoperatively. The area of capsulorhexis aperture was determined with computer software, and capsule opacification was graded subjectively. RESULTS: Three months postoperatively, the mean decrease in capsulorhexis aperture was 1.9% in Group A and 5.6% in Group B (P = .02). The ACO at 3 months was grade 2 in 44% of eyes in Group A and in 61% in Group B (P = .13). CONCLUSION: Aspiration of LECs from the anterior capsule was a safe procedure that reduced capsulorhexis aperture contraction 3 months after cataract surgery.     

电子撕囊仪在婴幼儿先天性白内障手术中的应用

目的探讨电子撕囊仪在婴幼儿先天性白内障手术中的应用价值和临床效果。方法回顾性分析在我院确诊并进行手术的先天性白内障患儿52例(92只眼)的临床资料。手术中采用电子撕囊仪环形撕开前囊膜。对于机化混浊的后囊膜使用电子撕囊仪环形撕后囊,再行玻璃体切割。观察手术中及术后晶体囊膜情况。随访时间6~17个月。结果 92只眼(100%)使用电子撕囊仪成功完成前囊膜撕开,未改用其他撕囊方法。83只眼一次性形成光滑的前囊圆形切口。9只眼在撕前囊时出现放射状撕裂,立即反方向进行撕囊,均完成撕囊。撕前囊膜成功率90.2%。13只眼一次性形成光滑的后囊圆形切口,撕后囊膜成功率100%。术后1个月,术眼囊膜边缘呈不同程度的机化、变白。术后6个月,所有术眼囊膜边缘呈瓷白色,囊袋发生不同程度皱缩。结论对于婴幼儿先天性白内障手术中囊膜的处理,电子撕囊仪与手法撕囊相比,具有更加广泛的适用性和有效性。     

Femtosecond laser capsulotomy versus manual capsulotomy: a Meta-analysis

AIM: To perform a Meta-analysis on the precision and safety of femtosecond laser (FSL) capsulotomy compared with manual continuous curvilinear capsulotomy (CCC). METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library databases, and Clinical Trials.gov that maintained our inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. The effects of morphology of capsulorhexis and the tears of anterior capsule were calculated by using random-effect models. RESULTS: We identified 4 randomized and 7 nonrandomized studies involving 2941 eyes. The diameter of capsulotomy and the rates of anterior capsule tear showed no statistically difference between FSL group and manual group (MD=0.03; 95%CI, -0.03 to 0.09, P=0.31), and (OR=1.40; 95%CI, 0.28 to 6.97, P=0.68) respectively. In terms of the circularity of capsulotomy, FSL group had a more significant advantage than the manual CCC group (MD=0.09; 95%CI, 0.05 to 0.12, P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our Meta-analysis shows that FSL can perform a capsulotomy with more precision and higher reliability than manual CCC. The results in diameter of capsulotomy and the rate of anterior capsule tears was no significant difference between FSL and manual CCC groups. However in terms of circularity, the FSL was superior to the manual procedure.