散发性非甲非乙型肝炎130例分析

对我院1989年1月至12月共收治散发性非甲非乙型肝炎130例加以分析。男女比例为1.83:1。平均年龄39.3岁,发病以成年为多。有输血制品史60例占46.2％,潜伏期平均6.7周。病程最短21天,最长超过1年以上仍迁延不愈。谷丙转氨酶升高持续6周以上者70例占53.8％,病程超过3个月以上仍迁延不愈者32例占24.6％。死亡1例占0.77％。本文资料提示非甲非乙型肝炎有慢性化趋势。     

晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌治疗新进展

肺癌是目前全球最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,其中80%的患者为非小细胞肺癌,严重威胁着人们的身体健康。近年来多学科综合治疗水平有了较大的进步,但由于缺乏有效地早期筛查手段,将近一半患者就诊时已属晚期,同时有相当数量的早期患者在接受治疗后会出现复发和转移。目前对于晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌的治疗,主要是以化疗、分子靶向治疗及生物免疫治疗等全身综合治疗为主。本文就分子靶向治疗、生物免疫治疗、生物化疗对晚期非鳞非小细胞肺癌治疗的新进展做一综述。     

非血栓性肺栓塞

肺栓塞 (pulmonaryembolism ,PE)是因各种内源性或外源性栓子阻塞肺动脉系统而引起的肺循环障碍的临床病理生理综合征 ,发生肺出血或坏死者称肺梗死。临床所见的肺栓塞栓子类型主要为血栓 ,称为肺血栓栓塞症 (pulmonarythrom boembolism ,PTE)。此外尚可见到非血栓性栓子 ,如脂肪、羊水、空气、异物等 ,统称为非血栓性肺栓塞 ,它们的病因、临床过程各不相同 ,治疗方法也不同于一般的血栓性肺栓塞 ,应注意区别。以下按栓子类型分别阐述。1　脂肪栓塞 (fasembolism)脂肪栓塞是病理诊断名词 ,是指脂肪小滴进入循环的一种状态 ,可有或没有临床…     

非溃疡性消化不良

<正> 非溃疡性消化不良(简称NUD),据统计约占以消化不良症状为主诉患者的50%以上。NUD的定义目前尚不统一,曾用过许多名称,如Moynihan氏病、假溃疡综合征或溃疡样消化不良、胃肠胀气性消化不良、非器质性消化不良、功能性消化不良等等。1980年Greenlaw和Deluca等首次使用了NUD,以后为各学者所采用,并于1989年在芝加哥举行了专题工作会议,把NUD定义为“上腹或胸骨疼痛、不适、烧心、恶心、呕吐或其他被认为与近端消化道有关的症状,持续4周以上,且排除局部或全身性疾病”者。 NUD的病因和发病机制尚不清楚,可能与以下     

非肥胖型与肥胖型非酒精性脂肪肝临床特点比较分析

目的 通过比较非肥胖型与肥胖型非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者明确非肥胖型NAFLD的临床特点。方法随机选取2018年1~12月在笔者医院体检中心、门诊及住院确诊为NAFLD的患者。本研究将BMI<25kg/m²定义为非肥胖组,25kg/m²≤BMI＜30kg/m²定义为肥胖组,同时设置无肝脏疾病且BMI＜25kg/m²的健康人(或患者)作为对照组,收集研究对象具体信息,包括年龄、性别、吸烟、运动、学历、高血压、糖尿病、相关生化指标、腰围、血去甲肾上腺素、血肾上腺素、促甲状腺素等实验室检查以及Fibroscan、无创病理评分公式,比较3组之间的差异。结果 两组NAFLD患者在文化程度、腰围、血肾上腺素、空腹胰岛素、甘油三酯、空腹血糖、胰岛素抵抗(IR)比较差异有统计学意义,而在ALT、AST、总胆固醇、LDL-C、HDL-C、白蛋白、PLT、TSH水平、去甲肾上腺素、年龄、性别、运动时间、吸烟情况、高血压、糖尿病方面比较差异无统计学意义。结论 非肥胖型NAFLD患者虽无肥胖,但这部分患者仍有胰岛素抵抗,其程度低于肥胖组。此外,非肥胖型NAFLD患者肾上腺素水平高于肥胖患者,胰岛素则低于肥胖组,体内脂解激素及抗脂解激素水平变化,可能是非肥胖NAFLD患者除胰岛素抵抗之外的另一重要致病机制。     

中医非药物方法干预非特异性颈痛的临床研究

目的客观评价颈部＂鳯＂字操,＂五式推拿＂,怀堂磁圆梅针干预非特异性颈痛的安全性、有效性;评价中医综合干预后非特异性颈痛受试者的生活质量改善状况;探索出一套安全、有效、简便、廉价的非特异性颈痛中医综合干预方案,便于在医院、社区推广应用。方法应用量表学方法及相关实验室检查,针对非特异性颈痛受试人群,采用传统特色的磁圆梅针、自创颈部＂鳳＂字保健操及五式推拿手法进行干预。结果在中医非药物综合干预之后,患者的临床症状得到了极大的改善,实验室数据经统计学分析具有统计学意义。结论非药物干预非特异性颈痛能显著改善患者的生活质量状况,临床可大力推广,为人们的健康服务。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.