低浓度氟化氢接触者职业健康检查结果分析

目的了解氟化氢对作业人员健康的影响。方法对常州天合光能有限公司103名氟化氢接触者进行职业健康检查,并测定工作场所空气中氟化氢浓度。结果车间空气中氟化氢平均浓度为0.013 mg/m3。作业工人尿氟平均浓度为3.40 mmol/mol肌酐)。未发现疑似职业病或职业禁忌证。结论低浓度氟化氢接触有蓄积作用。未发现低浓度氟化氢与尿氟存在相关性。     

职业性锰接触对工人尿锌水平的影响

目的预防工人职业性锰中毒,寻找锰中毒早期预警指标。方法对148名职业性锰接触工人和100名对照人员进行了尿锰、尿锌水平的检测。结果锰暴露组人群与对照组尿锰差异无统计学意义(t=0.195,P0.05;尿锌暴露组显著低于对照组,分别为(2.08±0.48)和(3.21±0.64)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=15.15,P0.01);而尿锌浓度随尿锰浓度升高而降低,呈负相关(P0.01)。结论过量锰可能影响人体内锌的正常代谢,尿锌浓度的检测对于锰中毒的早期诊断具有参考意义。     

低浓度接触氟化氢影响男工尿氟因素探讨

氟化氢是较常见职业危害因素,经呼吸道吸入后,少部分蓄积体内如骨骼等处,引起钙磷代谢紊乱和氟骨症。目前尿氟作为生物监测指标,广泛用于工业/地方性氟病诊治［1］。接触高浓度氟化氢所致氟骨症及地方性氟病已有报道,但低浓度接触对尿氟影响尚未见报道。本文旨在探讨其影响男工尿氟的主要因素。1资料来源与方法1．1资料来源公司下属某铝厂电解工按《化工健康监护技术规定》要求定期健康检查并存档,本资料取449名男性存档尿氟值作接触组;取不接氟的男性277名尿氟值作对照。两组年龄、工龄相仿可比。1．2车间环境氟化氢浓度资料依《化…     

低浓度氟化氢对工人健康的影响

低浓度氟化氢对工人健康的影响林绍臣朱会臣苏建春温荣杰我们对佳木斯某铝厂电解车间进行了劳动卫生学调查，并追踪观察了８０例长期接触低浓度氟化氢（ＨＦ）的铝电解工人的健康状况，以探索低浓度ＨＦ对人体的慢性影响，为防治工作提供科学依据。一、对象与方法１．对象...     

低剂量职业性氟化氢接触与骨代谢生化指标相关性分析及基准剂量研究

目的通过职业流行病学调查和基准剂量(BMD)计算, 对低剂量职业性氟化氢接触骨代谢指标进行相关性分析。方法于2021年5月, 采用整群抽样方法, 选择某公司接触氟化氢作业工人(237人)为接触组, 某电子生产企业未接触氟化氢工人(83人)为对照组。测定工人氟化氢接触外剂量值、尿氟浓度、血尿生化指标结果, 以血清骨钙素(BGP)、血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、尿羟脯氨酸(HYP)作为效应标志物, 采用基准剂量计算软件(BMDS 1.3.2)计算各效应标志物对应的尿氟BMD并对数据进行统计学分析。结果接触组工人尿氟浓度与肌酐校正后的尿氟浓度具有相关性(r=0.69, P=0.001);接触组工人氟化氢外剂量值与尿氟值相关性无统计学意义(r=0.03, P=0.132)。接触组和对照组工人尿氟浓度分别为(0.81±0.61)、(0.45±0.14)mg/L, 两组差异有统计学意义(t=5.01, P=0.025), 以BGP、AKP、HYP为效应指标计算的尿氟BMDL-05分别为1.28、1.47、1.08 mg/L。结论尿氟能够敏感地反映出骨代谢生化指标的效应指标的改变, BGP和HYP可作为...     

低浓度氟化氢接触作业工人健康检查结果分析

[目的]了解氟化氢对人体的危害,为预防氟化氢危害提供依据。[方法]按《职业健康检查项目及周期》规定对氟化氢进行体检,尿氟用氟电极法测定,生产环境监测按GBZ 159-2004和GBZ/T 160.36-2004进行。[结果]尿氟浓度均值为1.12 mg/L(0.15~1.61 mg/L),车间空气氟化氢浓度为(0.11~1.68)mg/m3,体检未发现牙齿及骨骼的损害,但慢性咽炎、慢性萎缩性鼻炎、皮疹、口腔溃疡、神经衰弱综合症和眼刺激症状有一定发生率。[结论]氟化氢是高毒物品,预防高毒物品危害关键在于贯彻预防措施和避免长期接触。     

职业性镉接触工人尿镉含量的影响因素

目的分析镉接触工人的尿镉含量的影响因素。方法选取无锡某电池厂的镉接触工人437名为接触组,另选取782名未接触镉的工人作为对照组,分析2组人群的尿镉含量水平,同时对此镍镉电池厂进行劳动卫生学调查。结果工作场所中镉及其化合物的短时间接触浓度范围为0．002～3．058mg／m3,超标率为87．5％。接触组尿镉含量（中位数1．4300μmol／mol肌酐）明显高于对照组（中位数0．7300μmol／mol肌酐）,高浓度接触组的尿镉含量（中位数1．7500μmol／mol肌酐）明显高于低浓度接触组（中位数1．2450μmol／mol肌酐）,高浓度接触组的尿镉异常率（6．40％）也明显高于低浓度接触组（2．14％）。对照组和接触组中女性尿镉含量明显高于男性;多元线性回归分析结果显示,车间空气中镉暴露水平、工龄和年龄与尿镉含量的相关系数依次为0．851、0．630和0．038。结论工作场所中镉及其化合物浓度超标、工龄的增加是尿镉含量升高的主要因素,降低工作场所空气中镉及其化合物的浓度至职业接触限值以下和减少接触时间是预防慢性镉中毒的关键。     

职业性镉接触对工人尿β2-微球蛋白的影响

目的了解职业性镉接触工人尿镉和尿β2微球蛋白的关系。方法测定32名镉接触工人的尿镉、尿β2-微球蛋白含量和32名对照组工人的尿β2-微球蛋白含量,对结果进行比较和相关分析。结果与对照组相比,镉接触工人尿β2-微球蛋白排出增加,镉接触工人尿β2-微球蛋白异常率为43.75%,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);在镉接触工人中,尿镉正常组尿β2-微球蛋白异常率为33.33%,尿镉增高组尿β2-微球蛋白异常率为52.94%,但2者差异未见有统计学意义。镉接触工人尿镉与尿β2-微球蛋白呈正相关,有统计学意义。结论尿β2-微球蛋白是镉接触工人的早期监测指标,镉接触工人中尿β2-微球蛋白异常率较高,提示我们应重视镉接触工人肾小管损害的健康监护。     

职业性接触对二氯苯对作业工人健康的影响

目的：研究职业性接触对二氯苯对作业工人健康的影响，为制订我国对二氯苯职业性接触限值标准提供参考依据。方法：344名对二氯苯作业工人接触对二氯苯浓度不同分为高水平、中等水平、低水平接触3个亚组，对其进行全面的医学检查，并与对照组进行比较。结果：高中浓度接触组神经衰弱与呼吸道刺激症状检出率均显著高于对照组，血清丙氨酸转氨酶活力及其异常率均显著高于对照组，并存在一定的剂量-效应关系，各组血液学指标及尿N-乙酰-β-d-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力均未见显著性变化。结论：职业性接触对二氯苯具有肝脏毒性和中枢神经毒性以及呼吸道刺激作用。     

多种有害因素联合对作业工人健康影响的研究

目的探讨在多种有害因素[粉尘、噪声、溶剂(主要为苯、甲苯、二甲苯,以下简称混苯)]同时存在时对工人健康的影响.方法选择66名接触噪声、粉尘、混苯的作业工人为观察组,另选56名无任何毒物接触的工人为对照组,对两组人员进行常规体检,检测免疫三项、血清中SOD活力、Hb含量和WBC计数、外周血淋巴细胞微核率.结果两组比较,上呼吸道慢性炎症、(IgG、IgA、IgM)差异有显著性(P＜0.05),类神经症发生率、心电图异常率差异有非常显著性(P＜0.01),SOD活力、外周血淋巴细胞微核率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论长期在低浓度多种有害作业环境下工作,对作业人员身体健康有一定负面影响,有降低免疫功能的趋势,对细胞的毒性效应暂无发现.     

铅暴露对某铅蓄电池企业719名作业工人血清生化指标的影响

目的 探讨铅暴露对作业工人血清生化指标的影响。
方法 选取武汉市某铅蓄电池企业719名现场铅作业人员作为调查对象,按《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求对其进行在岗期间职业健康体检,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法和自动生化分析仪分别测定研究对象血铅及血清生化指标,包括丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）和门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）。以400 μg/L为界,将人群分为血铅水平≥ 400 μg/L的高血铅组和血铅水平 < 400 μg/L的低血铅组。采用多元线性回归模型分析719名铅作业人员的血铅与血清生化指标的相关性。
结果 低血铅组与高血铅组的血铅均值分别为（221.71 ±105.15）μg/L和（583.24 ±153.54）μg/L。血清ALT异常56名,异常率为7.79%;血清AST异常20名,异常率为2.78%。低血铅组ALT为（23.68 ±18.47）U/L,高血铅组ALT为（23.07 ±14.48）U/L;低血铅组AST为（21.88 ±10.18）U/L,高血铅组AST为（23.71 ±17.71）U/L;两组以上指标差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多元线性回归结果显示:血铅每增加1 μg/L,工人血清AST升高0.004 U/L。
结论 血铅水平与血清AST值存在正相关关系,铅的蓄积可造成对肝脏组织的损害。
     

Possible adverse effect of chromium in occupational exposure of tannery workers

Our aim was to investigate the adverse effects of occupational exposure to trivalent chromium. We measured chromium and iron levels in serum and urine and hemoglobin levels in tannery workers and unexposed persons. We studied three groups of subjects. Group 1 included 15 non-smoking male tannery workers highly exposed to chromium from tanning and retanning departments. Group 2 included 14 non-smoking male tannery workers with moderate chromium exposure from dying, drying and finishing departments. Group 3 included 11 healthy, non-smoking male subjects without direct chromium exposure. Higher serum chromium levels were observed in groups 1 and 2 with respect to group 3 (mean values respectively: 0.43; 0.25 and 0.13 microg x l(-1)). Urine chromium levels in group 1 were higher than those in controls (mean values: 1.78 and 1.35 microg x l(-1)). In group 1 an inverse association was found between serum chromium and urine iron (-0.524), urine chromium and hemoglobin (-0.594) and between the urine chromium to iron ratio and hemoglobin (-0.693, p<0.05). The results suggest a chromium adverse effect on iron metabolism, possibly associated with excessive body chromium accumulation. In conclusion, chromium urine test could be recommended for diagnosis of chromium adverse effect on iron metabolism. Further studies are needed to quantify the relationship between urine chromium and hemoglobin metabolism.     

职业接触丙烯腈对工人健康影响的流行病学研究

目的:探讨职业接触丙烯腈对工人健康的影响,为保护职业接触工人健康提供依据。方法:对4家以丙烯腈为原料的化工企业车间空气中丙烯腈浓度进行检测。选取接触丙烯腈职业工人为接触组,以不接触化学毒物的服务业工人为对照组,进行健康监护和流行病学调查,分析接触低浓度丙烯腈对工人健康的影响。结果:接触组头疼、头晕、心悸、胸闷、失眠、咽痛、腹痛等自觉症状多于对照组(P<0.01);男性接触组愤怒状态高于对照组(P<0.01);女性愤怒、紧张、忧郁、疲惫状态显著高于对照组(P<0.01);接触组血压、脉压、白细胞高于对照组(P<0.05);接触组心电图改变显著高于对照组。血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶异常率(18.35%)高于对照组(2.63%);肝脂肪浸润、脂肪肝发生率高于对照组;接触组外周血淋巴细胞染色体总畸变率、畸变阳性率均高于对照组(P<0.01);淋巴细胞微核率、微核阳性检出率高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:职业接触低浓度丙烯腈对工人健康有一定伤害,应重视对接触工人的个人防护。     

6种接触振动岗位作业工人手传振动危害现况调查

目的了解接触手传振动(以下简称接振)作业工人的职业接触现况。方法通过问卷调查,了解接振工人作业及防护情况。使用丹麦B&K4447型人体振动分析仪,依据ISO 5349—1:2001,对7个不同行业15家工厂6种接振岗位共59个操作位进行了手传振动测量,计算8 h等能量频率计权加速度[ahv(eq,8h),记为A(8)],分析其危害程度。结果各接振岗位的A(8)中位数(M)为5.16 m/s2,四分位数间距(Q)为2.83 m/s2,最小值为1.53 m/s2,最大值为51.43m/s2。有39个点(66.10%)的A(8)值超过ISO 5349—1:2001限值(3.7 m/s2)。左右手以及手套内外加速度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论手传振动职业接触水平高,防护差,接振工人的职业健康危害风险较高。     

丙烯腈作业对工人健康影响的调查

目的探索低浓度（１．０４０ｍｇ／ｍ３）丙烯腈（Ａｃｒｙｌｏｎｉｔｒｉｌｅ,ＡＮ）对职业人群健康状况的影响。方法对２２４名ＡＮ作业工人（接触组）和２２４名不接触毒物工人（对照组）进行流行病学调查。结果①ＡＮ作业人群可有类神经症和咽部刺激等症状,其中头昏、记忆力减退、胸闷、食欲不振等比例较对照组高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。②血清 －ＧＴ、ＵＳＣ Ｎ平均水平比对照组高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。③接触组人群外周血淋巴细胞微核率较对照组明显升高,且吸烟与ＡＮ遗传效应之间有某种协同作用。结论认为 ＡＮ在低于国家最高容许浓度（２ ｍｇ／ｍ３）下,对接触人群仍会发生一定影响。     

Combined effect of smoking and occupational exposure to noise on hearing loss in steel factory workers

Background: Evidence has accumulated concerning the adverse effects of smoking on hearing acuity, but it is not clear whether smoking modifies the association between exposure to noise and hearing loss.

Aims: To examine the synergistic effect of these variables on hearing.

Methods: Data used were derived from periodic health examinations for 4624 steel company workers in Japan and included audiometry testing and information on smoking habits. Occupational exposure to noise was determined based on company records. Logistic regression was used to examine the dose-response association between smoking and hearing loss. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of hearing loss for each combination of smoking and noise exposure factors, taking non-smokers not exposed to occupational noise as a reference. The interaction between smoking and noise exposure was assessed using a synergistic index, which equals 1 when the joint effect is additive.

Results: Smoking was associated with increased odds of having high frequency hearing loss in a dose-response manner. The PRR for high frequency hearing loss among smokers exposed to occupational noise was 2.56 (95% CI 2.12 to 3.07), while the PRR for smokers not exposed to noise was 1.57 (95% CI 1.31 to 1.89) and the PRR for non-smokers exposed to noise was 1.77 (95% CI 1.36 to 2.30). The synergistic index was 1.16. Smoking was not associated with low frequency hearing loss.

Conclusions: Smoking may be a risk factor for high frequency hearing loss, and its combined effect on hearing with exposure to occupational noise is additive.

     

In-vivo determination of lead in the skeleton after occupational exposure to lead

ABSTRACT The concentrations of lead in the phalanges and in the blood were determined in 22 subjects who had formerly been exposed to lead in a storage battery plant, which had been closed for seven years. The bone lead concentration was measured in vivo using an -ray fluorescence technique in which two ⁵⁷Co γ-ray sources were used for generating the characteristic -rays of lead, which were measured with a Ge(Li) detector. In three subjects the variation of the lead concentration along the fore finger was measured together with the lead concentration in the tibia. The measured lead concentrations in the phalanges were between 20 μg/g (our detection limit) and 118 μg/g. The lead concentration in the phalanges was found to increase with the length of employment, but no simple relation was found between the lead concentrations in the blood and in the phalanges. The decrease in the blood lead concentration after the cessation of exposure was followed in four subjects. Seven years after exposure had ended, the blood lead concentration was found to be more dependent on the daily intake of lead than on the release of lead from the skeleton. These experimental results could be explained by a two-compartment model using exchange rates given in publications. This model has also been used to calculate the blood lead concentration that could be achieved after a sudden release of lead from the skeleton.     

某区高温作业人员职业禁忌证的调查分析

为了解高温作业人员职业禁忌证的现患率 ,对某区从事高温作业的467名工人进行健康体检 ,依据卫生部卫监发(1997)60号文件精神及《职业禁忌证的探讨》确定职业禁忌证范围。各类职业禁忌证为43人 ,检出率为9.22 %。该文仅仅从高温角度对从事高温作业的职业禁忌证进行了探讨 ,提示在其他有毒有害作业工种行业中同样有职业禁忌证的存在