放射科应对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的预防管理

【摘要】突如其来的新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）来势凶猛,传染性强,且人群普遍易感。自2019年12月发生以来虽已得到各级政府、卫生健康行政主管部门的高度重视,仍造成以湖北为主的全国范围内超过6万人的确诊病例,目前举国上下同心协力共同打响的防疫攻坚战尚在激烈进行中。放射学检查和诊断是诊疗COVID-19的重要一环,因而国内放射学界必然经受着前所未有的考验。放射技术人员更是工作在抗击COVID-19第一线,与患者直接接触。如何做好发热、疑似或确诊患者的放射学检查,是放射科在COVID-19流行期间工作的重中之重。因此,如何做好疫情应对,预防和控制COVID-19在放射科这一环节的传播至关重要。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎影像学检查院内感染防控管理:中华医学会影像技术分会推荐意见(第一版)

2019年12月在湖北省武汉市出现的不明原因肺炎疾病,国家卫生健康委员会将其命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)。影像学是临床诊断COVID-19的重要指标,放射科技师与护士直接面对患者,处于抗疫第一线,感染风险大。为进一步规范全国COVID-19影像检查的院内感染防控,保护医患安全,中华医学会影像技术分会牵头组织全国委员和国内相关医院专家讨论编写了本推荐意见。本推荐意见阐述了放射科抗击COVID-19疫情中的应急管理,分区检查,个人防护用品规范使用的培训、考核与督查等内容,同时阐述了放射技师需要学习并掌握COVID-19的典型影像学表现,不同疾病患者同时检查的流程优化和消毒规范,旨在指导放射科技师面对疫情强化防范意识,做好自我防护,且针对不同的设备配置客观条件和待检者规范有序进行影像检查,预防院内交叉感染。     

2019新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）康复过程中胸部CT的肺部改变

正胸部CT可以评估2019新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的肺部受累严重程度。目的明确COVID-19病人从确诊到治愈的胸部CT表现的变化过程。材料与方法 回     

18F-FDG PET/CT在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊断中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）被发现以来,迅速蔓延,其早期诊断有利于患者的及时救治和疾病进一步传播的有效控制。目前,诊断的依据是流行病史、临床表现、影像学特征和逆转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）检测结果,其中RT-PCR检测到新型冠状病毒核酸阳性是COVID-19确诊的主要依据,影像学特征尤其是肺部高分辨率CT表现则是诊断该病的重要临床依据。作为一种被广泛应用的影像学方法,18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的价值仍未可知。笔者分析了18F-FDG PET/CT在COVID-19中的诊断和鉴别诊断的价值,以及评估COVID-19患者纵隔淋巴结受累情况方面的潜在应用,讨论了COVID-19患者肺外器官和组织受累可能出现的18F-FDG PET/CT影像学表现。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎CT检查流程与感染防控管理探讨

【摘要】新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）是一种以肺部炎性病变为主要表现的传染病,可以通过呼吸、接触及粪口等方式传播,传染性极强。湖北省的COVID-19患者比较集中且数量大,而核酸检测阳性率仅为30%～50%,且有一定滞后性。因此,国家卫生健康委员会《新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案》（试行第五版）中将CT诊断纳入临床诊断的重要依据,CT扫描则成为COVID-19临床诊断的首选检查方法,CT技师也成为继发热门诊、感染科和ICU后最危险的一线群体。本文总结了本科室实施的一系列CT检查技术、工作流程和感染防控措施,旨在为广大影像同行制定管控策略提供参考,降低CT技师院内感染风险。     

COVID-19合并双侧跟骨骨折患者手术治疗1例

新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)作为一种新型传染病在全世界流行.COVID-19的潜伏期为1～14d,但多为 3～7d,以发热、干咳、乏力为主要表现[1] ,重症患者多在发病1周后出现呼吸困难及低氧血症,并可能快速进展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征、难以纠正的代谢性酸中毒和...     

《放射学实践》杂志常务副主编 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院放射科夏黎明主任/教授团队获AlexanderR.Margulis科学卓越奖

近日,北美放射学会(RSG NA)发布最新消息,《放射学实践》杂志常务副主编、华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院放射科主任夏黎明教授团队的新冠肺炎相关研究论文“Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)in China:A Report of 1014Cases”(2019年发生在中国的冠状病毒疾病胸部CT与核酸检测的对比研究:1014例报道)荣获RSNA2020年Alexander R.Margulis科学卓越奖.     

COVID-19肺炎病人肺栓塞的CT表现：一项回顾性分析

正摘要目的描述确诊为肺栓塞的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病人的影像学和实验室表现,评价临床疑似肺栓塞的COVID-19病人的特征。同时分析了需要住进重症监     

240例COVID-19肺炎病人的放射学表现：症状发作后的时间依赖性

正摘要目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)最常见的影像特征并评估胸部X线(CXR)检测肺部改变的有效性。方法回顾性评估经RT-PCR证实2019新型冠状病毒     

影像学在COVID-19中的应用——国际放射学会的一项全球调查结果

正摘要目的该调查得到欧洲放射学会支持并由国际放射学会完成,旨在收集目前有关放射科对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病人管理实践方面的信息。方法分析来自各大     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.