新型冠状病毒肺炎影像学检查院内感染防控管理:中华医学会影像技术分会推荐意见(第一版)

2019年12月在湖北省武汉市出现的不明原因肺炎疾病,国家卫生健康委员会将其命名为新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)。影像学是临床诊断COVID-19的重要指标,放射科技师与护士直接面对患者,处于抗疫第一线,感染风险大。为进一步规范全国COVID-19影像检查的院内感染防控,保护医患安全,中华医学会影像技术分会牵头组织全国委员和国内相关医院专家讨论编写了本推荐意见。本推荐意见阐述了放射科抗击COVID-19疫情中的应急管理,分区检查,个人防护用品规范使用的培训、考核与督查等内容,同时阐述了放射技师需要学习并掌握COVID-19的典型影像学表现,不同疾病患者同时检查的流程优化和消毒规范,旨在指导放射科技师面对疫情强化防范意识,做好自我防护,且针对不同的设备配置客观条件和待检者规范有序进行影像检查,预防院内交叉感染。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的HRCT影像诊断价值

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)病人临床特点及胸部高分辨CT(HRCT)影像特征,提高放射科医生对该疾病的认识。方法回顾性分析单中心24例确诊COVID-19病人的病史、临床症状及影像特点。男15例,女9例,年龄17~74岁。所有病例均行胸部HRCT检查,并由2位影像科高年资医师对其影像征象进行归纳、总结。结果24例COVID病人中18例有临床呼吸道感染症状,2例有呼吸道以外症状,无症状者4例。白细胞计数增高6例(25%)、正常6例(25%)、减少12例(50%);淋巴细胞计数增高5例(21%)、减少19例(79%);中性粒细胞增高10例(42%)、正常9例(37%)、减少5例(21%);全部病人均有C反应蛋白升高(100%)。胸部HRCT表现以两肺外带及胸膜下弥漫性分布磨玻璃影(GGO)为主,可出现肺间质改变、支气管空气征、支气管血管束增粗、铺路石征及“白肺”改变,少数病例有淋巴结肿大及少量胸腔积液。结论COVID-19病人胸部HRCT具有一定特征表现,结合临床呼吸道感染症状及流行病史,可以发挥临床早期诊断的作用。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎首次胸部高分辨率CT影像分析

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)首次胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像表现。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月3日至25日武汉市中西医结合医院确诊的106例COVID-19患者的首次胸部HRCT图像,对病灶分布、形态及周围受累情况进行统计和分析。结果 106例COVID-19患者首次肺部HRCT均发现病灶,单侧肺分布11例(10.4%),双侧肺分布95例(89.6%);肺外周分布65例(61.3%),肺外周及中心同时分布41例(38.7%);1个病灶8例(7.5%),2个病灶5例(4.7%),多发病灶93例(87.8%);结节状病灶12例(11.3%),磨玻璃状病灶94例(88.7%),条索状病灶7例(6.6%),2种及以上形态共存病灶15例(14.2%);累及一个肺叶10例(9.4%),累及2个及以上肺叶96例(90.6%);纵隔淋巴结增大24例(22.6%)(>60岁患者19例,占79.2%),胸腔积液3例(2.8%),心包积液1例(0.9%),胸膜受累/增厚2例(1.9%)。>60岁患者多表现为多病灶,多形态,肺外周及中心同时分布,累及多个肺叶,纵隔淋巴结增大。结论 COVID-19患者首次胸部HRCT检查能发现肺部病灶,是首选的影像学检查方法,胸部HRCT扫描检查在NCP的早期诊断中有重要作用。     

医学影像在新型冠状病毒肺炎诊治中的作用及思考

2019年12月,新型冠状病毒肺炎在中国爆发,疫情迅速以武汉市为中心蔓延至全国和境外。影像科作为疫情防控一线科室,在肺炎筛查和分流、影像诊断与鉴别、疗效评估和随访、工作流程和管理、人员管控和排班乃至科室感染防控能力等诸多方面都面临考验。面对突发疫情,如何迅速响应和正确决策,有许多值得讨论和思考的问题。     

广州地区新型冠状病毒肺炎的高分辨率CT表现与临床特点

目的 初步探讨广州地区新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的临床及首诊高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像表现特点。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月22日至30日广州市第八人民医院确诊的91例COVID-19患者,其中男39例、女52例,中位年龄50(33, 62)岁,分析91例COVID-19患者的临床及HRCT特点。结果 临床表现主要为发热70例,咳嗽57例,以干咳为主(39例)。首次HRCT有24例COVID-19患者呈阴性表现,67例HRCT有异常病灶,主要表现为肺内磨玻璃影65例、病灶内合并血管束增粗64例、病灶邻近胸膜增厚50例、间质间隔增厚47例、斑片影42例。所有患者均未见肿大淋巴结。病灶分布:双肺弥漫分布的2例,多发57例,单肺叶出现8例;病灶主要分布于胸膜下46例,肺下叶分布为著39例,上叶为著7例,在肺内无明显分布特征的有13例。结论 广州地区COVID-19早期影像主要表现为多发磨玻璃影,以胸膜下及下肺野多见,多有肺间质间隔的增厚,广州地区COVID- 19轻型及普通型患者比例较高,部分确诊患者首次HRCT呈阴性表现,对于HRCT呈阴性的患者,应及时复查。     

区域内首发新型冠状病毒肺炎的病例报道

笔者报道了1例以乏力、发热为首发症状,流行病学史不明确、实验室检查倾向于细菌性感染,发病第8天经胸部CT影像学检查结果考虑为新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的疑似病例,并最终经核酸检测结果而确诊。该病是一种新型冠状病毒所致的呼吸道传染病,传播性强,部分患者累及多个脏器,病情进展迅速。该病例为区域内聚集性发病的首例,笔者意在提示,在COVID-19防控临床工作中,对于从事高危职业但无明确流行病学史的患者应予以足够重视,应尽早行胸部CT影像学检查,综合判断,并反复多次行核酸检测,避免漏诊。     

17例新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)CT影像特征与分析

目的分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的CT征象,探讨CT的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析3家医院共17例确诊COVID-19病人的CT影像资料,分析其特征性影像表现,并总结病变发生特点、累及部位和分布情况。结果17例病人中1例CT无异常征象。其余16例病人的CT上共显示111个病变,典型的CT表现包括磨玻璃密度影(62/111,55.9%)、混合磨玻璃密度影(16/111,14.4%)、实性密度影(18/111,16.2%)和“铺路石样”密度影(15/111,13.5%);病变多分布于双肺外带(93/111,83.8%)。全部病例均不伴有胸腔积液及纵隔淋巴结肿大。结论新型冠状病毒肺炎胸部CT表现有一定特征性,CT检查对发现病变及明确诊断具有重要作用。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎初诊临床特征及高分辨率CT影像表现

目的 探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者初诊临床特征及胸部高分辨率CT(HRCT)影像表现。方法 回顾性搜集2020年1月20日至28日武汉大学人民医院经临床及核酸检测确诊的141例COVID-19患者,男77例,女64例,中位年龄49(9, 87)岁。分析141例COVID-19患者的临床特征、实验室检查指标以及胸部HRCT影像学表现。结果 141例COVID-19患者实验室检查发现白细胞计数降低38例(26.95%)、淋巴细胞比率降低71例(50.35%)。141例COVID-19患者中发热(>37.5 ℃) 139例(98.58%)、咳嗽106例(75.18%)、头痛11例(7.80%)、咳痰41例(29.08%)、胸闷93例(65.96%)、呼吸道以外症状主要有腹泻等4例(2.84%)。141例COVID-19患者HRCT均有异常,52例(36.88%)胸部HRCT图像表现为磨玻璃影(GGO)和斑片影,以胸膜下分布为主;23例(16.31%)GGO合并局灶实变影;27例(19.15%)小片状模糊影;20例(14.18%)大片状实变影;48例(34.04%)支气管血管束增粗和血管穿行征;5例(3.55%)有空气支气管征象;7例(4.96%)小结节影;5例(3.55%)纤维化、网格影或条索影;7例(4.96%)双侧胸腔积液,4例(2.84%)纵隔或双侧肺门淋巴结肿大。结论 COVID-19的临床特征及HRCT影像表现多样,在COVID-19特定的流行病学背景下,应及时开展胸部HRCT扫描,对疾病做出早期预警。     

河南地区新型冠状病毒肺炎的影像学诊断

目的 探讨河南地区新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)肺炎(NCP)早期、进展期及转归期不同影像表现,旨在为NCP的诊断及病情监测提供重要的筛查及影像学依据.方法 回顾性分析我院收治的17例2019-nCoV核酸阳性患者的临床资料及胸部CT影像学资料,采用x2检验对数据进行统计学分析.结果 男性8例,女性9例,年龄5～8...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎儿童高分辨率CT表现

目的 探讨儿童新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者高分辨率CT(HRCT)表现。方法 回顾性分析2020年1月25日至2月5日华中科技大学同济医学院附属武汉儿童医院22例经临床及核酸检测确诊为COVID-19患儿的胸部HRCT表现。其中男12例,女10例,年龄2个月~14岁,中位年龄4岁,5岁以下患儿14例。由2名放射科医师共同观察肺部病变分布、形态、密度等特征及有无肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大及胸膜改变。结果 22例患儿中,3例(3/22)肺部CT正常,19例(19/22)肺部HRCT见病灶浸润,其中单侧肺病变7例,双侧肺病变12例。HRCT表现为:磨玻璃影6例,其中淡磨玻璃影4例、典型铺路石征磨玻璃影2例;4例呈肺实变改变,表现为局限性条索影、斑片状高密度影;6例表现为实变影与磨玻璃影共存,呈斑片状致密影夹杂周围磨玻璃影改变,其中1例呈右侧白肺表现;3例呈类支气管肺炎改变,表现为肺叶内散在点状或斑片状密度不均高密度影。下叶病灶较上叶为重,肺外后带较肺尖部、中央区多见。全部患儿均未见肺门淋巴结增大和胸腔积液,1例见叶间胸膜增厚。结论 儿童COVID-19的HRCT表现多样化,需结合流行病学资料、临床表现及实验室检测综合判断,但肺部CT表现可作为临床早期诊断和防控干预的重要依据。     

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Since then, this highly contagious COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide, with a rapid rise in the number of deaths. Novel COVID-19–infected pneumonia (NCIP) is characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. A variety of chest imaging features have been reported, similar to those found in other types of coronavirus syndromes. The purpose of the present review is to briefly discuss the known epidemiology and the imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, with a focus on the reported imaging findings of NCIP. Moreover, the authors review precautions and safety measures for radiology department personnel to manage patients with known or suspected NCIP. Implementation of a robust plan in the radiology department is required to prevent further transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members.     

Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Practice of Clinical Radiology

The speed at which coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread quickly fractured the radiology practice model in ways that were never considered. In March 2020, most practices saw an unprecedented drop in their volume of greater than 50%. The profound changes that have interrupted the arc of the radiology narrative may substantially dictate how health care and radiology services are delivered in the future. We examine the impact of COVID-19 on the future of radiology practice across the following domains: employment, compensation, and practice structure; location and hours of work; workplace environment and safety; activities beyond the “usual scope” of radiology practice; and CME, national meetings, and professional organizations. Our purpose is to share ideas that can help inform adaptive planning.     

Rescheduling Nonurgent Care in Radiology: Implementation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic

ObjectiveTo meet hospital preparedness for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ACR recommended delay of all nonemergent tests and elective procedures. The purpose of this article is to report our experience for rescheduling nonemergent imaging and procedures during the pandemic at our tertiary academic institution.MethodsWe rescheduled the nonemergent imaging and procedures in our hospitals and outpatient centers from March 16 to May 4, 2020. We created a tiered priority system to reschedule patients for whom imaging could be delayed with minimal clinical impact. The radiologists performed detailed chart reviews for decision making. We conducted daily virtual huddles with discussion of rescheduling strategies and issue tracking.ResultsUsing a snapshot during the rescheduling period, there was a 53.4% decrease in imaging volume during the period of March 16 to April 15, 2020, compared with the same time period in 2019. The total number of imaging studies decreased from 38,369 in 2019 to 17,891 in 2020 during this period. Although we saw the largest reduction in outpatient imaging (72.3%), there was also a significant decrease in inpatient (40.5%) and emergency department (48.9%) imaging volumes.DiscussionThe use of multiple communication channels was critical in relaying the information to all our stakeholders, patients, referring physicians, and the radiology workforce. Teamwork, quick adoption, and adaptation of changing strategies was important given the fluidity of the situation.