荧光定量PCR技术在血液筛查中的应用及可行性分析

目的　了解 ELISA法筛查血液乙型肝炎病毒 ( hepatitis B virus,HBV)的漏检率 ,探讨荧光定量聚合酶链反应 ( Flurescence quantitative PCR,FQ-PCR)技术用于混合血浆标本病毒核酸检测的可行性。　方法　应用 FQ-PCR技术对常规 ELISA初复检正常献血者 (包括无偿献血者和个体献血者 )的微量血浆汇集池标本 ( 1 0人份× 2 0 μ1 )进行 HBV DNA检测 ,再对阳性汇集池中的标本进行单份检测。用双蒸水和 HBV DNA阴性汇集池中的血浆标本分别对 HBV DNA标准品(浓度为 1 0 3拷贝 /ml)作 1 0～ 5 0倍稀释后行 FQ-PCR测定 ,观察不同的血浆标本混合后是否存在 Taq酶抑制物的叠加作用及对 PCR结果有无影响。对浓度为 1 0拷贝 /ml～ 1 0 4拷贝 /ml的 HBV DNA标准品分别进行 FQ-PCR检测 ,确定试剂盒的敏感度。　结果　 1 2 0 0份无偿献血者标本中有 1 1例 HBV DNA阳性 ( 0 .92 % ) ;4 70份个体献血者标本中有 1 0例 HBVDNA阳性 ( 2 .1 3% )。双蒸水与混合血浆稀释的 HBV DNA标准品的 FQ-PCR检测结果 (定性 )完全一致。试剂盒的检出下限为 1 0 2拷贝 /ml。　结论　 ELISA法筛查血液存在较高的 HBV漏检率 ,FQ-PCR用于混合血浆标本的病毒核酸检测是可行的     

核酸扩增检测在血液筛查的初步应用

目的为提高血站供血安全性,探讨核酸扩增检测在血站血液筛查中的可行性。方法在酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)常规筛查血液的基础上,采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法,检测乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)、丙型肝炎抗体(抗-HCV)和人免疫缺陷病毒抗体(抗-HIV)1/2呈阴性的献血者微量血浆汇集池标本（20人份×50μl汇集）中的丙肝病毒（HCV）和乙肝病毒（HBV）核酸,再对阳性汇集池中的标本进行单份检测。结果8805份（分442个汇集池）血液被检测HCVRNA,结果有1例（0.01%）为阳性;1441份血液被检测HBVDNA,结果6例（0.4%）为阳性。从标本汇集到筛查出单份阳性献血者大约需要3d。结论ELISA结合荧光定量PCR检测微量血浆汇集池标本的方法筛查血液HBV和HCV感染是可行的,能够进一步提高输血的安全性。     

血液HBV DNA全自动检测及基因分型分析

目的建立血液HBVDNA标本汇集、核酸提取、扩增及检测的全自动筛查模式,对阳性标本进行基因分型和血清学追踪检测,为血液HBVDNA自动化筛查提供科学依据。方法在酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)筛查血液基础上,应用STAR2000加样仪自编程序进行全自动血样汇集(24人份),在MPLC仪上全自动提取标本核酸,应用PCR方法在COBASAMPLICOR进行扩增和检测分析结果,用国际标准核酸质控品考评检出限量,对阳性标本进行基因分型并追踪血清转换过程。结果全自动汇集、全自动核酸提取和扩增及检测HBVDNA95%检出限量为38.9IU/ml,95%CI为(21323)。通过对16512个标本共688个汇集池分析,HBVDNA阳性8例,阳性率为0.049%。其中C型3人,B型2人,D型1人,2人未能确定基因型,6例阳性标本追踪发现,3例发生了血清转换现象。结论HBVDNA全自动核酸检测方法可应用于24人份血液混样核酸筛查。     

HBsAg阴性献血者血清(浆)HBV DNA检测的意义

目的　明确HBsAg阴性献血者血清 (浆 )HBVDNA检测的应用价值。 方法　采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)检测HBsAg阴性献血者血清 (浆 )HBVDNA。如HBVDNA为阳性 ,则进一步检测乙肝“两对半”血清学指标。结果　 5 0 0份标本中有 1 4份为HBVDNA阳性 ,检出率为 2 .8%。进一步检测其它HBV感染的血清学指标 ,发现这 1 4份标本中有 5份表现为抗 HBs、抗 HBe和抗 HBc一项或两项阳性。对HBVDNA的定量测定表明 ,其含量在 1 0 4～ 1 0 6拷贝数 /ml。结论　为尽可能减少输血后HBV感染的发生 ,有必要采用PCR方法检测HBsAg阴性献血者血清 (浆 )HBVDNA     

荧光PCR法检测乙型肝炎病毒YMDD基因变异的研究

目的探讨荧光PCR法在检测酪氨酸-蛋氨酸-天门冬氨酸-天门冬氨酸(YMDD)基因变异上的临床应用价值及其拉米夫定治疗一年慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者发生YMDD基因变异的情况。方法61例HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)HBcAb(+)HBVDNA(+)CHB患者接受拉米夫定治疗一年,采用荧光定量PCR法检测其血清HBVDNA含量,ELISA法检测血清乙肝五项标志物,动力学法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量。HBVYMDD基因变异采用荧光PCR法进行检测。结果61例CHB患者经拉米夫定治疗一年后HBV-DNA阳性率降至34.4%(21/61),YMDD基因变异发生率18.0%(11/61),分析YMDD基因变异类型:4例为混合变异,其中3例为YMDD+YIDD,1例为YMDD+YVDD;7例为完全变异,其中5例为YIDD,2例为YVDD。变异患者组无1例出现HBeAb血清学转换,血清HBVDNA含量106.6±0.8(copies/ml),明显高于HBVDNA(+)无变异组(P<0.05),ALT含量123.8±53.8(U/L),明显高于HBVDNA(-)无变异组(P<0.01)。结论YMDD基因变异CHB患者HBVDNA均反跳,伴有ALT升高,及时了解CHB患者有无YMDD基因变异对避免造成患者不必要的经济负担、指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。荧光PCR法用于检测YMDD基因变异,具有经济实用、自动化程度高、简便快捷的优点。     

荧光PCR法检测乙型肝炎病毒YMDD基因变异的研究

目的探讨荧光PCR法在检测酪氨酸-蛋氨酸-天门冬氨酸-天门冬氨酸(YMDD)基因变异上的临床应用价值及其拉米夫定治疗一年慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者发生YMDD基因变异的情况.方法61例HBsAg(+)HBeAg(+)HBcAb(+)HBVDNA(+)CHB患者接受拉米夫定治疗一年,采用荧光定量PCR法检测其血清HBVDNA含量,ELISA法检测血清乙肝五项标志物,动力学法检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)含量.HBV YMDD基因变异采用荧光PCR法进行检测.结果61例CHB患者经拉米夫定治疗一年后HBV-DNA阳性率降至34.4%(21/61),YMDD基因变异发生率18.0%(11/61),分析YMDD基因变异类型:4例为混合变异,其中3例为YMDD+YIDD,1例为YMDD+YVDD;7例为完全变异,其中5例为YIDD,2例为YVDD.变异患者组无1例出现HBeAb血清学转换,血清HBVDNA含量1066±0.8(copies/mi),明显高于HBVDNA(+)无变异组(P＜0.05),ALT含量123.8±53.8(U/L),明显高于HBVDNA(-)无变异组(P＜0.01).结论YMDD基因变异CHB患者HBVDNA均反跳,伴有ALT升高,及时了解CHB患者有无YMDD基因变异对避免造成患者不必要的经济负担、指导临床合理用药具有重要意义.荧光PCR法用于检测YMDD基因变异,具有经济实用、自动化程度高、简便快捷的优点.     

HBV DNA与preS1抗原均阳性患者HBeAg阴性的原因探讨

目的探讨导致HBVDNA阳性、preS1抗原阳性标本ELISA检测HBeAg阴性的原因。方法筛选76例HBeAg阴性而preS1及HBVDNA阳性的血清分别进行（1）血清1：100稀释后重新用ELISA测定HBeAg;（2）用单克隆抗-HBe固相ELISA检测血清HBeAg／IC;（3）用寡核苷酸探针斑点杂交法测定HBV前C区的基因突变。结果76份血清稀释后重测5例HBeAg阳性;38例HBeAg／IC阳性;24例HBV前C区存在基因突变。结论后带效应、HBeAg／IC、前C区基因突变是HBVDNA阳性血清HBeAg阴性的主要原因;HBVDNA阳性、HBeAg阴性标本多为野生型毒株感染,只是由于形成了HBeAg／IC使常规ELISA检测不出HBeAg。     

应用生物发光技术定量检测PCR扩增产物

目的　建立一种基于生物发光技术的定量检测PCR产物的方法 ,并用于HBV定量PCR检测。方法　首先利用ATP硫酰化酶 (ATPsulfurylase)将焦磷酸 (PPi)定量转化成ATP ,然后利用虫荧光素酶 (luciferase)系统发光检测ATP ,从而确定样品中PPi含量。利用 2次PCR法扩增HBVDNA目的片段 ,并进行回收纯化定量 ,以之作为阳性标准模板制作标准曲线。选择适当的循环次数扩增样品中HBVDNA ,利用化学发光法检测扩增产物中PPi的量 ,进而确定样品中HBVDNA模板的量。结果　当起始模板量为 (10～ 5 )× 10 5拷贝 ,循环次数为 2 5 ,发光值与起始模板浓度呈现良好的相关。检测 32份样品血清 ,其中 2 3例HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(+)、HBcAb(+)标本中HBVDNA平均含量为 1 6× 10 5拷贝 / μl,9例HBsAg(+)、HBeAg(- )、HBcAb(+)标本中HBVDNA平均含量为 5 6× 10 3 拷贝 / μl。结论　本方法是一种操作简便、灵敏度高的定量PCR方法     

聚合酶链反应荧光偏振技术在乙型肝炎病毒DNA检测中的应用及价值

目的　探讨聚合酶链反应荧光偏振技术 (PCR FP)检测乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)DNA的临床应用价值。方法　将PCR扩增得到的HBVDNA特定片段 ,与荧光素标记探针和PCR产物中的一条DNA链杂交 ,形成特异杂交体 ,用荧光偏振光检测仪检测特异杂交体 ,最终判断HBVDNA是否存在。并对对 10 2份乙型肝炎患者和 30份非乙型肝炎患者血清进行检测结果比较。结果　PCR FP检测HBVDNA的最低检测限为 1× 10 1拷贝 ,在 4 0份乙型肝炎表面抗原 (HBsAg)、乙型肝炎e抗体 (HBeAg)和抗乙型肝炎核心抗原 (抗HBc)均阳性患者血清标本中检出HBVDNA阳性率为 10 0 % ;33份HBsAg、抗乙型肝炎e抗体 (抗Hbe)和抗HBc均阳性患者血清HBVDNA阳性率为 81 8% ;2 9份HBsAg和抗HBc阳性患者血清HBVDNA阳性率为 72 4 % ;14份乙型肝炎患者和 30份非乙型肝炎患者血清均为阴性。方法的灵敏性和特异性分别为 86 %和 10 0 %。结论　PCR FP操作简单、灵敏、特异 ,适用于临床HBV基因检测。     

HBV-DNA定量与乙肝病毒感染免疫学检测结果对比分析及意义

本文采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应 (FQ PCR)和ELISA两种方法同时检测了 310份血清 ,并对结果进行了对比分析 ,结果显示 :80例HBsAg (+)、HBeAg (+)、HBcAg (+)组的血清HBVDNA检出率为 92 5 % (74例 ) ,平均拷贝数为 4 10× 10 10 /ml,6 8例HBsAg (+)、HBeAb (+)、HBcAb (+)组血清HBVDNA检出率为32 35 % (2 2例 ) ,平均拷贝数为 1 31× 10 9/ml,70例HBsAg (+)、HBeAb (+)组血清HBVDNA检出率为45 71% (32例 ) ,平均拷贝数为 4 0 8× 10 8/ml;32例HBV M全阴性组血清HBVDNA检出率为 6 .6 7% (2例 ) ,平均拷贝数为 1 5 4× 10 8/ml。结果表明 :HBV -M阴性的病人也可能有HBVDNA阳性 ,因此为临床提供HBV感染、复制及传染性的判断以及指导治疗 ,应选择乙肝两对半标志物检测的同时做PCRHBVDNA定量检测     

Comparison of the nucleic acid-based crosslinking hybridization assay and the branched DNA signal amplification assay in the quantitative measurement of serum hepatitis B virus DNA

Quantitative measurement of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA has become important in the clinical diagnosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B, especially in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative precore mutant and in patients who received treatment with interferon or antiviral agents. Two different hybridization assays for quantitative measurement of HBV DNA: Naxcor crosslinking assays and Chiron branched DNA signal amplification (bDNA) assay, were applied to 158 serum samples which were positive for HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Among 158 serum samples, 135 samples (85.4%) were positive by the crosslinking assay and 129 samples (81.6%) were positive by the bDNA assay in the quantification of serum HBV DNA (P > 0.05). Serum HBV DNA levels obtained from both assays showed a good linear correlation (r = 0.91, P < 0.001). The sensitivity of both assays in HBeAg-positive samples was 90.5%, significantly higher than in HBeAg-negative samples (69.6% for the crosslinking assay and 56.5% for the bDNA assay, P < 0.05). In HBeAg-negative patients with elevated serum alanine transaminase levels, the so-called precore HBV mutant, the detection sensitivity for HBV DNA was better in the crosslinking assay (83%) than in the bDNA assay (61%). The crosslinking assay was less time consuming than the bDNA assay in performing the measurement of serum HBV DNA (6 hours vs. 20 hours). In conclusion, Naxcor crosslinking hybridization assay was equally as sensitive as Chiron bDNA assay in the quantitative measurement of serum HBV DNA. Less time-consuming procedures and better sensitivity in the detection of HBeAg-negative samples with elevated serum alanine transaminase levels may favor the clinical use of the crosslinking assay.     

Serum HBV-DNA (hepatitis B virus DNA) in acute and chronic hepatitis B infection

HBV DNA was measured in the sera of 69 patients with hepatitis B virus infections. Sixteen patients had acute hepatitis B, 24 had chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 6 had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH), 5 had cirrhosis without CAH and 18 were asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. In patients with acute hepatitis B who recovered, HBV DNA was present in the serum transiently early in the illness. HBV DNA persisted in the serum in the two patients who developed chronic hepatitis. Sera of 23 of 24 patients with CAH were persistently positive for HBV DNA. There was no relationship between the quantity of HBV DNA in the serum and the histological intensity of activity. Thirteen of the 24 patients with CAH had histological evidence of cirrhosis in addition to CAH and HBV DNA was detected in the sera of all 13. The sera of 2 of 6 patients with CPH were positive for HBV DNA. In one it was positive only where there was clinical evidence of reactivation of HBV infection. The other patient subsequently developed CAH. Sera of 5 patients with established HBsAg positive cirrhosis but without evidence of CAH were negative for HBV DNA. Two of these patients had hepatocellular carcinoma. Sera of 18 asymptomatic anti-HBe positive carriers with normal ALT were negative for HBV DNA. HBeAg and HBV DNA were not always found in the serum together. In acute hepatitis 5 patients with HBV DNA in the serum were HBeAg positive, but in 6 patients the sera were HBeAg positive inthe absenceof HBV DNA.     

免疫筛查阴性献血者血样病毒核酸检测的研究

目的了解二次酶联免疫筛查献血者血样漏检的原因。方法将二次酶联免疫筛查阴性的献血者血样在加样仪上实现血液样本汇集,用全自动核酸提取仪提取样本核酸,以核酸扩增检测仪做HBV、HCV和HIV自动扩增检测。对HBsAg阴性、HBVDNA阳性献血者用核酸筛查试剂定量检测HBV,并每隔2周对其跟踪采血,做HBV两对半免疫检测和HBsAgV3的确认试验。结果16320份二次酶联免疫筛查阴性的合格献血者血样中,8份HBVDNA阳性(漏检率0.49‰),未发现HCV和HIV1RNA阳性。8份HBVDNA阳性献血者乙肝两对半免疫检测HBsAg、HBsAb和HBeAg均为阴性,HBcAb均为阳性,3份HBeAb为阳性。6例HBsAg阴性HBVDNA阳性献血者血样的病毒滴度在(76～1490)copies/ml,2例病毒滴度过低,未定量检测到病毒。跟踪6名HBVDNA阳性献血者,1例18周时HBsAg确认试验阳性,其余5例仍为阴性。结论现行的二次酶联免疫技术的血液筛查存在HBV漏检,原因可能是隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染。应重视血液筛查工作中HBV的漏检及输血传播,并在现有的血液筛查模式中或增加HBcAb检测,或增加病毒核酸筛查。     

Detection of hepatitis B virus DNA in serum by a nonisotopic hybridization technique.

We developed a nonisotopic technique, Hepagene, for measuring hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in human serum by using a sulfonated probe that is detected by a sandwich immunoenzymatic reaction. The detection limit, determined by serum dilution tests, was 2.5 ng/L. The precision of the Hepagene test was demonstrated by the accurate reproducibility observed for low (3 ng/L) and medium (38 ng/L) concentrations of HBV DNA assayed in 24 different series. Specificity was established by assaying HBV DNA in sera from 98 patients by the Hepagene technique or by a solution hybridization assay with an 125I-labeled probe. Results by both techniques agreed for 94 sera (96%), with 68 being concordant for HBV DNA negativity and 26 for positivity. HBV DNA titers assayed by both methods also agreed. Hepagene represents the first nonisotopic HBV DNA assay involving a sulfonated probe and with performance characteristics equivalent to those of classical radioactive hybridization techniques.     

上海地区无偿献血者乙肝病毒核酸检测分析

目的了解无偿献血者乙肝病毒核酸筛查(NAT)阳性人群特点,为血液安全策略提供参考。方法无偿献血者血液经Murex和科华HBsAg ELISA试剂检测,结果为阴性的血液使用cobas TaqScreen MPX试剂进行HBV DNA,HCV RNA,HIV RNA 3项联合核酸检测。对于MPX反应性标本,使用COBAS AmpliPrep/TaqMan进行核酸鉴别试验,同时使用罗氏ECL电化学发光检测系统进行乙肝补充血清学试验。结果 2011年11月1日～2012年1月31日3个月共有献血者86 375人(次),其中有63 351人(次)为初次献血者,HBsAg反应性为1.04%,23 024人(次)为重复献血者,HBsAg反应性为0.46%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=63.63,P0.05)。84 990份HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV1/2阴性血液进行MPX核酸检测,共发现52例(0.060%)HBV DNA阳性,均为低拷贝,含量为(20～200)IU/ml间,其中32例(0.051%)来自初次献血者,20例(0.087%)来自重复献血者,两者比例差异无统计学意义(χ2=3.65,P0.05),没有发现HCV RNA与HIV RNA阳性。结论重复献血者HBsAg反应性比率低于初次献血者;HBsAg阴性献血者HBV DNA阳性率为0.060%,重复献血者HBV DNA阳性率与初次献血者比较,两者差异无统计学意义;开展HBV核酸检测能够进一步保障血液安全。     

基因芯片检测拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者YMDD变异的初步研究

目的 用基因芯片技术检测拉米夫定耐药的慢性乙型肝炎患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNAP区YMDD基序变异情况。探讨变异对临床的影响，为疗效预测及制定进一步治疗措施提供依据。方法 取40例，临床考虑拉米夫定耐药患者的血清，用基因芯片的方法检测血清样本YMDD基序变异情况。观察变异检测阳性患者反跳时的丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平及血清转换情况。结果 40例患者血清标本中，用基因芯片法检测HBV DNAP区YMDD变异，YMDD变异阳性标本27例，总变异检出率为67．5％(27/40)。单纯YMDD变异5例。YMDD变异株与野生株混合存在22例。在变异类型中，YIDD变异4例；YVDD变异16例；YIDD与YVDD混合变异7例。血清HBV DNA反跳时YMDD变异组ALT正常者有13例。40例患者中有3例发生血清转换，在YMDD变异检测阳性者中有1例发生血清转换。结论 在拉米夫定治疗过程中出现血清HBV DNA反跳时，多数患者血清中可以检出YMDD变异。反跳时变异株大多与YMDD野生株以共生形式存在，尤以YVDD变异为多，这可能是耐药变异出现后继续服用拉米夫定仍然有效的原因。用基因芯片技术能较好地检测YMDD变异情况，并能检测到患者体内变异株与野生株存在形式。     

Comparison of the performance of the NucliSENS EasyQ HPV E6/E7 mRNA assay and HPV DNA chip for testing squamous cell lesions of the uterine cervix

This study aims to evaluate the clinical performance of the NucliSENS EasyQ assay and compare it with HPV DNA genotyping for the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and cancer in a Korean population. In 188 total thin prep samples, the remaining fluid after cytology slide preparation was tested with Goodgene HPV DNA chips and the NucliSENS EasyQ HPV E6/E7 messenger RNA (mRNA) assay. The sensitivity and specificity of each test were calculated with HSIL and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as the disease endpoint. Out of the 188 samples, 139 (74%) were positive for DNA of 14 HPV types, while 57 (30%) cases were positive for E6/E7 mRNA. The DNA test was positive in cytology cases of SCC, HSIL, and atypical squamous cell. The mRNA test yielded results of 75%, 74%, 60%, 56%, and 29% positivity in abnormal cytology cases of SCC, HSIL, atypical squamous cells – cannot exclude HSIL, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, respectively. In normal cytology cases, the positivity rates were 9% and 53% for the mRNA and DNA tests, respectively. For detection of HSIL and SCC, the sensitivity of the mRNA test was 74.36% and that of the DNA test was 100%, while the specificities of the tests were 85% and 40.83%, respectively. These findings suggest that the HPV E6/E7 mRNA assay can overcome the shortcoming of low specificity of DNA assays for clinical detection of high-grade cervical lesions and malignancies.     

DNA芯片检测肝组织及血清中乙型肝炎病毒DNA的临床研究

目的：研究DNA芯片检测乙型肝炎和肝硬化患者肝组织及血清中乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）DNA的应用价值。方法：用点样仪将聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增的HBV DNA探针制成基因芯片。对15例慢性乙型肝炎病人的血清和肝活检组织，99例乙型肝炎后肝硬化肝组织，分别用基因芯片、原位分子杂交、免疫组织化学和雅培试剂检测HBV DNA、乙型肝炎核心抗原(HBcAg)、乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg)和乙型肝炎e抗原（HBeAg)。结果：用基因芯片对15份HBsAg,HBeAg阳性的乙型肝炎患者血清进行检测，HBV DNA均阳性，阳性率符合率为100％；15份肝活检组织标本，免疫组化法检测HBcAg阳性15例，原位分子杂交法和基因芯片检测HBV DNA均阳性14例，阳性率93％。99份肝炎后肝硬化患者肝组织标本，HBcAg阳性67份，HBV DNA阳性53份，基因芯片检测HBV DNA阳性46份，阳性率分别为69％、88％。32例HBcAg、HBV DNA阳性的肝组织中，基因芯片检测HBV DNA均为阴性。结论：肝炎基因诊断芯片可检测肝组织及血清中HBV DNA，诊断准确率高，假阳性率低。     

Comparison of the sensitivity of NAT using pooled donor samples for HBV and that of a serologic HBsAg assay

BACKGROUND: Studies were conducted using samples from early and late-stage HBV-infected persons to determine the pool size at which PCR had better sensitivity than a sensitive HBsAg chemoluminescence immunoassay (CLIA-HBsAg). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: HBV seroconversion panels were tested for HBsAg by CLIA and for HBV DNA by nested PCR (95% hit rate: 100 copies/mL); PCR was carried out at various dilutions. HBV serologically positive samples that were detected from the simultaneous screening of 540,161 routine whole-blood donations using CLIA-HBsAg and agglutination assays were also characterized for additional markers of HBV infection. RESULTS: In 9 of 10 HBV seroconversion panels, PCR had better sensitivity than CLIA-HBsAg at dilutions of 1-in-25 or lower. Of 65 CLIA-only confirmed-positive donor samples (agglutination assay-negative), 8 represented early infection, 2 of which were PCR positive at a 1-in-50 dilution but negative at a 1-in-100 dilution. Only 2 of 47 samples from probable late-stage HBV infection that were positive on CLIA only were PCR positive with 0.1-mL sample volume and the S-region primer; the remaining 45 samples required a 1.0-mL sample input and C-region primer for increased PCR positivity. The remaining 10 CLIA-only confirmed-positive donor samples were from HBV vaccine recipients. None of the 12 CLIA- and HBsAg-negative donor samples that were strongly anti-HBc reactive could be detected by PCR at any dilution; all 12 were PCR positive when undiluted, but 4 required a 1.0-mL input volume for PCR positivity. CONCLUSION: For the detection of samples representing early-stage HBV infection, PCR at dilutions of 1-in-25 or lower (equivalent to a pool of < or =25 members) had greater sensitivity than CLIA-HBsAg. In contrast, samples from late-stage HBV infection were detected by PCR only with undiluted samples (0.1-mL or 1.0-mL input volumes), regardless of CLIA-HBsAg reactivity. Therefore, although NAT using minipools of 25 donations or less may be effective for the detection of early-stage HBV infection, it may not be effective for the detection of persistent HBV infection.     

基因芯片技术在乙型肝炎病毒耐药和分型检测中的价值

目的通过基因芯片技术快速检测临床血清样本中乙型肝炎病毒的基因亚型和耐药突变情况。方法同时用荧光定量PCR和基因芯片2种方法检测211例临床慢性HBV感染血清样本,并用DNA测序对基因芯片HBV分型和耐药结果进行验证。结果211例样本荧光PCR定量结果均大于或等于5．0&#215;10^2IU／mL,基因芯片检出阳性210例,未检出的1例样本定量值小于1．0&#215;10^3Iu／mL。210例基因芯片检测阳性的样本,基因芯片检测显示耐药突变病例67例,占31．9％;基因亚型2种,其中B型137例,占65．2％,c型69例,占32．9％,B、C混合感染4例,占1．9％。上述210例样本经DNA测序验证,基因亚型和耐药突变类型完全符合。结论基因芯片技术具有准确、灵敏、高通量的特点,适用于临床乙型肝炎病毒基因分型和耐药突变检测。