Eyebrow Transplantation

BACKGROUND: Reconstruction of the eyebrow has historically been accomplished with temporal scalp pedicle flap formation or free composite scalp grafts. These two techniques may be associated with substantial morbidity and a false, overly dense eyebrow appearance. Hair transplantation of the eyebrows has been described with excellent results, but is relatively underreported in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether modern techniques of micrograft hair transplantation can suitably re-create an aesthetic eyebrow in a case of iatrogenic eyebrow alopecia. METHODS: A 33-year-old woman with iatrogenic eyebrow alopecia underwent four sessions of eyebrow micrograft hair transplantation to re-create both eyebrows. RESULTS: Suitable aesthetic eyebrows were re-created in a symmetric fashion with proper hair orientation. The process was time consuming and tedious, but highly effective. CONCLUSION: Eyebrow transplantation is a suitable alternative to pedicle flap formation and composite scalp grafting. It is a straightforward procedure that can be performed in the office under local anesthesia with minimal attendant morbidity. The result may be superior to that seen with more involved eyebrow replacement procedures.     

毛发移植术在治疗小面积外伤性眉缺损中的应用

目的：探讨应用毛发移植技术治疗小面积眉缺损的疗效。方法：18例小面积眉缺损患者,均为单侧眉缺损,眉毛缺损面积为0.5×0.5cm～1.0×1.0cm。在局麻下从耳后发际内或颞部获取单体毛囊,按照原有眉毛的生长方向植入眉毛缺损处。结果：18例患者术后随访3～10个月。未见移植的眉毛明显脱落,植入的眉毛生长良好,需要7天左右修剪一次。两侧眉毛对称。所有患者对术后效果表示满意。结论：应用单体毛囊移植治疗小面积眉毛缺损,能再造出与对侧健康眉毛相似的眉毛,效果良好。     

Hair transplantation to the eyebrow, eyelashes, and other parts of the body

Since its earliest applications, hair transplantation has been used for treating not only the scalp in pattern baldness but also other parts of the body, commencing with eyebrow reconstruction. The earliest micrografts were applied to the eyebrow more than 30 years before their application to the scalp became the standard of care. Today hair transplantation is applied to a number of other areas. The principle behind transplanting these areas is the same-once transplanted, the hairs continue to grow because of the phenomenon of donor dominance. This article reviews the role and technique of hair transplantation to the eyebrows and eyelids, chest, beard and moustache, and pubic escutcheon.     

针具打孔法单株毛发移植行眉毛美容性再造

目的:探索一种单株毛发移植修复眉毛永久性缺损的技术。方法:切取近后发际区域处含有完整毛发毛囊的条形头皮组织,借助于手术放大镜,将之分割,制备成单株毛发移植物待用。然后在预先设计的眉缺失区域内,以医用注射针具制备孔洞。继之,将这些待用之移植物按眉的自然走向植入到眉区预制的孔洞之中。结果:自2005年至2006年6月,共完成了52例89侧眉的美容性再造。所有患者一期手术均取得满意的美学修复效果。经术后6个月以上的临床随访见:再造的眉毛生长良好,成活率可达到98.5%。再造的眉形态走向较自然,较接近于正常的眉毛。从患者对术后再造眉的形态评价来看,非常满意者占84.6%;满意者占15.4%。结论:针具打孔法单株毛发移植技术手术方法简便快捷,出血少,手术野较清洁,再造的眉毛更加自然优美,是目前眉毛美容性再造较为理想的方法。     

颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣在眉再造中的应用

目的 探讨颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣在眉再造中的应用。方法 2010年4月至2014年12月,共8例眉部分或全部缺损患者,采用颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣行眉部分或全眉再造。回顾性分析眉缺损情况、皮瓣成活情况、切口瘢痕和再造眉形态等。结果 眉缺损得到良好修复,再造眉外观满意,供区切口瘢痕不明显。结论 应用颞浅动脉岛状皮瓣修复眉部分或全部缺损效果较好,再造的眉毛比较浓密,尤其适合眉毛较为浓密的男性患者。     

Surgical rejuvenation of the brow and forehead

The position and orientation of eyebrows plays an important part in the overall appearance of the face. Many incisions and approaches have been described to elevate a ptotic eyebrow. It is essential to understand the periorbital anatomy and the biomechanics of elevation and fixation of the brow and forehead soft tissues. If properly planned and executed, surgical brow lifts can restore a youthful appearance to eyelids and the orbit.     

选择性单株毛发植入在眉毛部分缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨在眉毛缺损修复手术中选择性应用不同直径单根毛发植入的临床效果。方法49例眉毛缺损患者，其中先天性眉毛稀疏37例，外伤后引起的瘢痕性眉缺损12例。在局部麻醉下从枕部靠近后发际线和耳后发际线内获取单体毛囊，粗细毛发分开摆放，应用22G或23G注射针头按正常眉毛方向打孔后将单根毛发植入。在眉头、眉尾和眉毛上缘应用较细的头发，眉中央用较粗的头发。结果术后随访3～10个月，植入的眉毛生长良好，需要5～7d左右修剪1次。两侧眉毛对称。12例患者因移植的眉毛有局部成活不良，在术后6～12个月进行二次手术补植加密。所有患者对术后效果表示满意。结论选择性植入不同直径单根毛发的眉毛缺损修复术，能再造出外观自然、形态逼真的眉毛，效果良好。     

Eyebrow reconstruction following burn injury

Facial burns represent between one-fourth and one-third of all burns. Absence of the eyebrows or distortions in their position alter the character of the face. Thus, eyebrow repair or reconstruction can be an important "finishing touch" in the overall reconstruction of a burned face. Generally, there are three ways to reconstruct the eyebrow: use of superficial temporal artery island flap; composite graft from scalp; and mini or micrografts from scalp. This report presents 20 patients reconstructed with the above techniques. Eleven patients (eight male and three female) with superficial temporal artery island flaps; seven patients (two male and five female) with composite grafts from scalp; and two patients (female) with minigrafts. The results suggest that superficial temporal artery island flaps were more suitable for males and composite graft for females who generally require thinner and less dense eyebrows. Our experience with minigrafts for burn alopecia has not been adequate. Here in this article, different methods of eyebrow reconstruction are presented with the greater emphasis on superficial temporal artery flap.     

经重睑切口行眉上提术治疗上睑松弛伴眉下垂

目的：介绍一种经重睑切口治疗上睑松弛伴眉下垂的手术方法。方法：经重睑切口,在眼轮匝肌和眶隔之间向上分离达眉下缘,再于额肌和眉脂肪垫之间分离至眉上方,将眉下缘处的眼轮匝肌固定在眶骨骨膜上,将眉毛提升在理想位置。结果：本组20例患者,15例术后随访1周～1年,均获满意效果。眉毛位于理想位置,上睑明显年轻化,无并发症。结论：经重睑切口行眉上提固定术治疗上睑皮肤松弛伴眉下垂能获得满意效果。     

部分眉切除加眼轮匝肌悬吊修复上睑松弛

目的:通过部分眉切除加眼轮匝肌悬吊,结合术后文眉,修复皮肤老化引起的眉眼下垂和上睑松弛。方法:对坏眉、眉下垂及严重上睑松弛患者,根据眉形和上睑松弛程度,于眉外2/3设计梭形或新月形切口,并估计上睑皮肤去除量。对眉毛作部分浅切除并酌情悬吊眼轮匝肌,去除眉部及部分上睑多余皮肤后,上提缝合上睑皮肤。结果:通过对67例患者行上述手术,达到了切除坏眉、纠正眉下垂和上睑松弛目的,使睑裂增大,眼睛有神,眉眼部整体形态明显改善。结论:眉切除加眼轮匝肌悬吊,可迅速修复皮肤老化所致眉眼下垂,面部年轻化整体效果好,值得推广。     

毛发单元移植行眉毛美容性修复再造

目的 探索应用毛发单元移植技术治疗各种原因所引起的眉毛永久性缺损。方法 切取后近发际区域处含有完整毛发毛囊的条形头皮组织，在手术放大镜下，将其分割，制备成毛发单元（每单元含1-3根毛发）即显微毛发移植物。然后，将这些植物按眉的自然走向植入到眉毛脱失区内预制的洞穴中。结果 自1998年4月至2000年2月，共完成了32例48侧眉的美容性再造。所有患者一期手术均取得满意的美容效果。经1年以上的临床随访再造眉毛生长良好。即使在瘢痕区域内，成活率也可达到95%，再造的眉形态走向较自然，接近于正常的眉毛。结论 毛发单元移植技术再造的眉毛与其它方式相比，手术方法简便，创伤小，更加自然，是目前眉毛美容性再造的理想方法。     

毛发移植在修复眉缺损中的临床效果

目的 探讨实施自体毛发移植术对眉缺损的修复效果。方法 选取我院2021年1月-2022年12月收 治接受修复手术的150例眉缺损患者为研究对象。150例患者均接纳自体毛发移植术治疗,记录毛囊数量、 手术时间并发症发生率、成活率、毛发脱落率以及再植次数以及患者满意度。结果 150例患者中,所钻取 毛囊数量50~600个毛囊;35~180 min完成修复术;二次眉毛接种者有14人;受区眉毛成活率70%~90%;全 部病例的供区组织恢复效果良好,术区无并发症发生;满意度为99.33%。结论 对眉缺损患者实施自体毛 发移植术的整体修复效果良好,且具有较强的安全性,成活率较高,值得临床应用。     

Follicular Unit Transplantation: The Option of Beard Construction in Eunuchoid Men

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial problems are very common in eunuchoids and may be related to the impact of underlying disorders on the physical appearance which makes them unable to overcome the sense of inferiority of childhood. A beardless patient treated with follicular unit transplantation (FUT) is reported here. OBJECTIVE: Such patients desire to get rid of a boyish appearance and want to achieve a masculine appearance. One of the easiest methods to achieve this goal is FUT. METHODS: By using an 18-gauge needle, the recipient bed was prepared under local anesthesia after premedication, and 1200 one- or two-hair micrografts were transplanted to the perioral (goatee) and its extensions to the sideburns. RESULTS: After completion of the procedure to the planned area, we achieved restoration of a masculine appearance which made the patient seem quite satisfied. CONCLUSION: The process of beard reconstruction is time consuming and tedious, but highly effective.     

Attractiveness of Eyebrow Position and Shape in Females Depends on the Age of the Beholder

Background Great diversity exists among individuals with respect to eyebrow position and shape, and the notion of an “ideal” eyebrow has changed quite significantly over the past several decades. Methods This study compared three different variations of eyebrows. One variation was the arched eyebrow with the maximum height in the middle. The other two variations had their maximum height in the lateral third, but differed in their position (high vs low). For each of the seven female portraits presented, three variations were generated using morphing software. A total of 357 subjects 12 to 85 years of age compared these variations and ranked each woman individually with respect to perceived attractiveness. Results The data show that the preference for a specific eyebrow shape depends on a person’s age. Young subjects up to 30 years of age preferred eyebrows in a lower position, and ruled out arched eyebrows. Subjects older than 50 years stated exactly the opposite preference. Conclusion First, there is not one single beauty ideal for eyebrows, but at least three. The ideal a person prefers depends on his or her age. Second, because trends are generally introduced by young people and not by older individuals, and the young tend to prefer eyebrows in a lower position, it seems plausible to assume that the trend currently appears to be moving away from arched eyebrows toward lower positioned eyebrows with a maximum height in the lateral third.     

眉美容整形的美学设计

目的：探讨眉部美学设计方法在眉美容整形术中的应用。方法：采用“5点”法行眉形设计为98例受术者实施眉美容整形。结果：术后眉形良好,达到了切除坏眉、使眼周年轻化的效果。结论：按照眉部美学以“5点”设计法进行眉形矫治,可获得令人满意的眉形。     

Eyebrow, face, and neck lifts for males

Alternate locations to skin excisions adjacent to the eyebrows for correction of eyebrow ptosis have been presented. Excisions in the upper forehead or in the scalp permit flexibility in width and length of skin or scalp to be excised and may be extended laterally to produce a temporal lift which not only improves the lateral canthal area of sagging skin but also may improve the lower eyelid surgical correction results (Figs. 1 and 3). By use of adequate lipectomy and full-width platysma muscle flaps to support the new neck contour, better and longer lasting results have been accomplished. The currently used techniques for eyebrow, face, and neck lifts for males produce better and longer lasting results than could have been accomplished with previously used techniques. The continued search for improvement in techniques by many surgeons in different areas of the world has enabled these longer lasting and better results to be accomplished.     

额颞部微创内镜除皱术对眉眼形态的改善

目的探讨内镜下额颞部除皱术对眉眼形态的改善情况。方法采用传统的额颞部小切口方法微创行内镜除皱术,并观察内镜除皱对眉眼形态的改变和影响。结果60例术后眉眼间距较术前增大（5．0±1．2）mm,有效实现眉提升,改善下睑缘松弛下垂;内镜下额颞部除皱后眼周围皮肤紧致,长久去除外眼角鱼尾纹,并可在一定程度上对眉形进行调整。结论额颞部内镜除皱术可以矫正眉下垂及双侧眉毛不对称,改善眉眼形态,达到年轻化的效果。     

Eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap

Although various reconstructive procedures for the eyebrow have been reported, few have proved satisfactory for large-tissue defects. The authors describe two cases of eyebrow reconstruction with intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled temporoparietal fascial flap (TPF flap) after malignant tumor resection. The first patient was a 24-year-old man with an adnexal carcinoma of the left eyebrow. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. The second patient was a 48-year-old woman with Bowen's disease of the left eyebrow. Tumor resection was performed on the frontal muscle with a 5-mm surgical margin. An intermediate hair flap was prepared at the hairline of the forehead in accordance with the defect. Both reconstructed eyebrows have maintained their shapes well. There have been several reports of the use of a TPF flap for eyebrow reconstruction, but none have used intermediate hair from the hairline. The authors are convinced that use of intermediate hair from the hairline of the forehead on the pedicled TPF flap is effective for reconstruction of the eyebrow and large defects extending to nonhairy subbrow skin.     

植皮区单株毛发移植修复眉毛缺损的观察

目的：观察单株毛发移植在植皮区的存活情况及再造眉毛的效果。方法：选择植皮区皮下软组织的厚度在3mm以上的患者,在枕后毛发安全供区（SDA）内局麻下切取一条带毛发的完整头皮。助手利用刀具分离出单株毛发,种植区肿胀麻醉后,术者用注射器针具按眉毛生长方向在植皮区上打孔,15～25孔／cm^2,将单株毛发种植于毛发缺损区。结果：2007～2009年间4例眉区植皮患者6只眉毛通过本方法治疗,术后随访9个月～2年,4只眉毛一次手术效果满意,2只眉毛需二次加密。所有毛发存活良好,毛发单次种植存活率接近90％,眉毛形态自然、美观。结论：在植皮区皮下软组织厚度3mm以上,密度15～25孔／cm^2的情况下,单株毛发移植在植皮区上的存活率接近90％,再造眉毛形态自然、美观。近似于真实眉毛效果。     

New eyebrow lift technique using a semiautomatic suturing device (maniceps) for patients with facial paralysis

Direct browlift and the traditional fascial suspension technique sometimes leave a prominent scar above the eyebrow. Coronal browlift, mid-forehead browlift, and endoscopic browlift leave no prominent scar, but they are sometimes not suitable for patients with facial paralysis because they have been developed for rejuvenative surgery. The authors present a new browlift fascial suspension technique for patients with facial paralysis. This method uses a semiautomatic suturing device (Maniceps), which they have used to graft three fascial strips to the forehead from the fascia lata, and to suspend and lift the eyebrow with only two small incisions posterior to the hairline. The authors treated 13 facial paralysis patients, with follow-up periods of more than 6 months. The lifted eyebrows adapted to stabilized positions within 3 months. The results in all 13 patients were satisfactory, with no severe complications. This new technique is very useful because it has wide applicability, including facial paralysis patients who experience severe ptosis.