pSS患者唇腺组织中Fas介导的凋亡信号蛋白的表达

目的:研究原发性干燥综合症( primary Sjgren’s syndrome，pSS)唇腺组织细胞中Fas 介导的细胞凋亡信号蛋白的表达，探讨导致干燥综合征的细胞信号转导的可能途径。 方法:采用Western blotting法检测唇腺组织中Fas、FasL、FADD蛋白的表达;免疫组织化学法检测caspase-3蛋白表达;RT-PCR半定量检测CAD mRNA表达。 结果:pSS患者唇腺组织细胞中Fas 介导的细胞凋亡信号转导相关蛋白Fas、FasL、FADD、caspase-3及CAD mRNA表达都有不同程度高于对照组(P＜0.05)。 结论:导致干燥综合征患者唇腺组织凋亡的信号转导途径可能是：FasL与其受体Fas结合后，通过FADD激活caspase-8，级联激活ICE家族成员，最后通过caspase-3裂解ICAD释放CAD催化DNA降解导致细胞凋亡。     

DcR3重组蛋白对糖尿病大鼠心肌组织凋亡相关分子的表达及细胞凋亡的作用

目的:研究诱骗受体3(DcR3)在正常大鼠、糖尿病(DM)大鼠心肌组织的表达,DcR3重组蛋白对心肌组织凋亡相关分子表达以及心肌细胞凋亡的影响,探讨DcR3对DM大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的作用。方法:一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立大鼠DM模型,尾静脉注射不同剂量的DcR3重组蛋白[1.2 mg/(鼠·d)、0.8 mg/(鼠·d)、0.4 mg/(鼠·d)]40 d。RTPCR检测心肌组织DcR3 mRNA、Fas mRNA、FasL mRNA的表达。Wester blot分析凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Caspase-8的表达。双抗夹心ELISA检测血液中IL-1β、TNF-α及LFN-γ水平的变化,HE染色观察心肌细胞凋亡的百分率。结果:DcR3治疗组大鼠与DM组比较心肌组织DcR3 mRNA高表达,Fas mRNA、FasL mRNA表达下调。Caspase-8蛋白水平下调,Bcl-2蛋白水平上调,以中剂量组的作用最明显。各DcR3治疗组血清IL-1β、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平均有不同程度的降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。心肌细胞凋亡的百分率下降(P<0.05)。结论:DcR3重组蛋白有抑制DM大鼠心肌细胞凋亡的作用,其机制与竞争Fas,阻断FasL诱导细胞凋亡,心肌细胞表达DcR3,凋亡相关因子Caspase-8下调、Bcl-2上调及细胞因子水平的降低有关。     

Caspase抑制剂对大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注损伤Fas／FasL表达的影响

目的探讨大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注时caspase抑制剂对心肌细胞凋亡及Fas／FasL基因mRNA表达的影响及其机制。方法以穿线结扎或松扎左冠状动脉制备大鼠心肌缺血／再灌注模型。42只大鼠随机分为假手术组、Z-VAD-fmk治疗组和缺血／再灌注对照组,并分设缺血4-5min后再灌注3,6,12h3个时相点。以缺口末端标记法检测心肌细胞凋亡的变化,逆转录聚合酶链反应法检测Fas／FasL基因mRNA的表达改变,并分析心肌组织病理学损伤程度。结果心肌缺血／再灌注后心肌细胞凋亡指数及Fas/FasL基因mRNA表达均增高,caspase抑制剂预处理下调Fas／FasL表达水平,减少心肌细胞凋亡。结论心肌细胞凋亡与Fas／FasL系统参与了心肌缺血／再灌注损伤过程,caspase抑制剂Z-VAD-fmk通过抑制凋亡和下调Fas／FasL表达,减低再灌注损伤。     

乐尔脉对脑缺血再灌注损伤后期大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的作用

 目的： 探讨乐尔脉胶囊（LEM）对脑缺血再灌注损伤后期大鼠海马神经细胞凋亡的作用与机制。方法: 采用大鼠左侧大脑中动脉内栓线阻断法(MCAO)造成局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型。缺血2 h再灌注30 d后,应用原位末端标记法（TUNEL）检测海马神经细胞凋亡,免疫组化、RT-PCR 法检测海马神经细胞Fas、Bax、caspase-3、caspase-9蛋白及 mRNA的表达,并进行阳性细胞计数及Mias图像程序分析结果。结果: 大鼠缺血再灌注30 d后,模型组缺血侧海马CA1、CA2区凋亡细胞显著高于假手术组(P<0.05), Fas、Bax、 caspase-3、caspase-9蛋白表达明显增加,fas、bax、caspase-3、caspase-9 mRNA的表达上调(P<0.05)。LEM2.00 g/kg、0.87 g/kg和氟桂利嗪可显著减少海马神经细胞凋亡数,降低Fas、Bax、caspase-3、caspase-9蛋白表达,fas、bax、caspase-3、caspase-9 mRNA的表达下调,LEM 0.87 g/kg作用次于2.00 g/kg。LEM对bax mRNA有显著抑制作用。结论: LEM抑制海马神经细胞的凋亡,明显地减轻缺血再灌注后期大鼠海马神经细胞的损伤,其作用机制与调节细胞凋亡信号转导通路及相关蛋白有关。     

急性胰腺炎时细胞凋亡及调控基因的研究进展

细胞凋亡参与急性胰腺炎的发病过程.胰腺腺泡细胞凋亡与急性胰腺炎的严重程度呈负相关,诱导腺泡细胞凋亡可减轻急性胰腺炎的病情;Bax,FasL促腺泡细胞凋亡;Bcl-2抑制导管上皮细胞凋亡,促进导管管状复合体形成.这些研究对急性胰腺炎的病理生理过程提出了一种新的理论,为急性胰腺炎的临床治疗提供了新的思路.     

二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷对重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤中核因子-KB表达及细胞凋亡作用

目的:探讨二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肺组织中核因子-κB(NF-κB)活化及细胞凋亡的作用。方法:大鼠建立模型后取肺组织行大体及光镜下病理观察,免疫组织化学检测NF-κB、凋亡调控因子(Fas)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(Bcl-2)及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的表达,TUNEL法检测肺组织细胞凋亡,免疫印迹法观察半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)蛋白表达情况。结果:SAP组与PDTC预处理组肺组织病理改变明显,细胞凋亡明显,NF出、Fas、Bcl-2与TNF-α表达均明显升高,6 h达最高峰。PDTC预处理组与SA/P组比较,则病理改变明显减轻,凋亡指数、NF-κB、Fas、TNF-α与caspase-3蛋白表达均下降,但仍高于对照组,而Bcl-2表达趋势相反。结论:NF-κB活化参与了SAP时肺组织的细胞凋亡。PDTC能有效缓解SAP肺损伤症状,其机制可能是通过抑制NF-κB激活与细胞凋亡。     

大鼠急性肺栓塞后SMP-30表达下降及其对细胞凋亡的影响

目的：研究大鼠急性肺栓塞模型肺组织中衰老标记蛋白质30(SMP-30)的表达变化及其对Fas诱导的细胞凋亡的影响。方法:建立大鼠急性肺栓塞模型，分别在急性肺栓塞后1、8、24和48 h进行支气管肺泡灌洗，然后开胸取出肺组织。常规提取肺组织的总RNA和总蛋白，以正常组为对照，采取半定量RT-PCR的方法研究SMP-30在mRNA水平表达的变化；采用Western blotting方法进一步验证SMP-30在蛋白水平表达的变化；采用免疫组织化学方法检测大鼠肺组织中SMP-30以及肺泡巨噬细胞中IL-8在肺栓塞前后表达的变化及其组织分布情况；采用TUNEL法研究急性肺栓塞后组织细胞的凋亡情况；最后采用ELISA法检测急性肺栓塞后肺泡灌洗液中sFasL的浓度变化。结果:在大鼠急性肺栓塞后的不同时点，SMP-30的mRNA水平和蛋白水平均逐渐降低，在24和48 h下降最为明显。免疫组化研究表明SMP-30主要分布在支气管黏膜上皮细胞和肺泡上皮细胞，急性肺栓塞后SMP-30在上述细胞内的表达均明显降低。TUNEL染色发现随着SMP-30表达的降低，肺组织内出现明显的细胞凋亡现象，同时肺泡灌洗液中sFasL的浓度升高，肺泡巨噬细胞内IL-8的表达也明显升高。结论:大鼠急性肺栓塞后肺组织内SMP-30的表达明显降低，可能促进Fas－FasL细胞凋亡系统的活化。     

白介素10对脑缺血大鼠神经细胞凋亡的作用研究

目的:探讨白介素10(IL-10)对大鼠脑缺血梗死灶周围神经细胞凋亡的作用。方法:成年雄性Sprague-Darley大鼠36只,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、局灶性脑缺血组(MCAO组)和脑缺血 IL-10干预组(IL-10组),术后24h断头取脑,TUNEL法(Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling)测定梗死灶周围凋亡神经细胞的数目,免疫组化和RT-PCR法检测促凋亡基因Fas、FasL和caspase-3的表达。结果:脑缺血诱导神经细胞凋亡显著增多(P<0.05),Fas,FasL和caspase-3表达显著上调(P<0.05);IL-10干预可显著减少脑缺血神经细胞凋亡(P<0.05),并抑制FasL和caspase-3的表达(P<0.05),而对Fas的表达无明显作用(P>0.05)。结论:IL-10可抑制大鼠脑缺血梗死灶周围神经细胞凋亡,其机制可能与抑制促凋亡基因FasL和caspase-3的表达有关。     

重组组织因子途径抑制物对大鼠肾系膜细胞凋亡及Fas和bcl-2表达的影响

目的 观察重组组织因子途径抑制物(rTFPI)对大鼠肾脏系膜细胞(MsC)凋亡的影响,并探讨其可能相关的凋亡机制.方法 免疫组织化学(ABC)法检测人肾穿组织中TFPI表达;免疫荧光法检测培养正常大鼠MsC中TFPI表达;将rTFPI及其不同结构域蛋白分别作用于大鼠MsC,Hoechst 33258染色观察MsC细胞核形态变化;流式细胞仪定量检测MsC细胞凋亡率;DNA片段凝胶电泳分析MsC凋亡情况;Western blot检测凋亡相关激酶半胱氨酸蛋白酶3(caspase-3)、bel-2以及Fas蛋白的表达.结果 系膜增生型肾小球肾炎肾小球内TFPI表达高于轻微病变者;正常大鼠MsC中有TFPI表达;rTFPI及其C末端能诱导大鼠MsC发生凋亡,并具有剂量和时间依赖性劝口入rTFPI后,MsC的凋亡率分别为对照组的2.1、3.0及4.9倍(P<0.05).活性形式的caspase-3和Fas蛋白表达明显高于对照组,bcl-2表达无明显变化.结论 rTFPI能诱导正常大鼠MsC发生凋亡,并且其主要功能区位于C末端,死亡受体Fas/FasL信号通路可能参与了rTFPI诱导MsC凋亡的过程.     

心衰大鼠心肌核因子-κB活化及其与心肌细胞凋亡的关系

目的:探讨核因子-κB(NF-κB)活化与充血性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠心肌细胞凋亡发生、发展的关系及其对Fas和Fas配体(FasL)表达的调控作用。方法:以假手术组为对照,观察雄性Wistar大鼠心肌梗死(MI)后2周、4周及8周的血流动力学指标、心肌细胞凋亡指数、Fas、FasL、Bcl-2和κB抑制蛋白的表达及NF-κB核结合活性的改变。结果:MI后心肌细胞凋亡指数、Fas及FasL表达水平进行性升高,Bcl-2的mRNA表达下调;κB抑制蛋白水平逐渐降低,而NF-κB活性逐渐增高。结论:心肌细胞凋亡在MI后CHF发生、发展过程中起着重要作用,NF-κB活化启动Fas和FasL基因转录,Fas和FasL表达上调、Bcl-2表达下降介导大鼠MI后心肌细胞凋亡的发生。     

Cytokine expression and induction of acinar cell apoptosis after pancreatic duct ligation in mice.

To clarify the role of cytokines and acinar cell apoptosis in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, we investigated the expression of intrapancreatic cytokines and apoptosis-related molecules in mice after pancreatic duct ligation (PDL). From day 1 or 3 after PDL, the expression of interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) mRNA were up-regulated in the pancreas, suggesting that these cytokines may be involved in the development of pancreatitis after PDL. Acinar cell apoptosis was observed in the pancreas at rates of 0.13 +/- 0.03, 1.32 +/- 0.38, and 0.86 +/- 0.23% on days 1, 3, and 7 after PDL, respectively. Significant increases in intrapancreatic mRNA levels of TNF-alpha, Fas ligand (FasL), and IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) were observed from day 3 after PDL with the appearance of acinar cell apoptosis. The serum amylase activity peaked on day 1 after PDL and gradually decreased on days 3 and 7 after PDL. These results suggest that acinar cell apoptosis induced after PDL may modulate the progression of acute pancreatitis by reducing the release of digestive enzymes and may therefore be a host defense mechanism, and that acinar cell apoptosis after PDL may be mediated by the TNF-alpha and/or Fas/FasL and ICE system.     

DcR3 对肝纤维化动物模型的影响

目的:研究DcR3 基因对肝纤维化大鼠的预防性治疗的作用。方法:SPF 级健康雄性Wistar 大鼠30 只,体重范围180 ~220 g,随机分为3 组,每组10 只,分别为正常对照组、DcR3 基因预防性治疗组(1% DMN+DcR3 组)、造模组(1%DMN 组)。采用1%DMN 诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,腹腔注射DcR3 质粒进行预防性干预。分别采用HE 染色和Masson 染色观察肝组织病理情况;qRT-PCR 和Western blot 法检测DcR3、Fas、FasL、-SMA 和TGF-1 的mRNA 和蛋白表达水平。结果:与模型组相比,DcR3 预防治疗组大鼠肝组织炎性细胞浸润及胶原类物质沉积有所改善;DcR3 基因可显著降低肝纤维化大鼠Fas、FasL、 SMA 和TGF-1 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平,DcR3 基因预防性治疗组与对照组和造模组有显著性差异(P<0.05);同时DcR3 基因预防性治疗组DcR3 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:DcR3 基因可有效防治大鼠肝纤维化,其作用机制可能是DcR3 通过降低肝脏炎症反应,减少胶原类物质沉积,抑制 SMA 和TGF-1 表达,从而抑制HSC 活化;下调Fas和FasL 表达,抑制Fas/ FasL 途径诱导的肝细胞凋亡。     

三七总皂甙降低兔肺缺血再灌注损伤和抑制细胞凋亡

 目的: 探讨细胞凋亡与肺缺血再灌注损伤的关系以及三七总皂甙的作用及机制。方法: 健康日本大耳白兔84只,随机分为对照组、肺缺血再灌注1、3、5h组和相应三七总皂甙干预组。复制肺缺血再灌注损伤模型。用原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳观测肺组织细胞凋亡,原位杂交技术检测肺组织细胞Fas/FasL系统和Caspase-3基因表达。结果: 肺缺血再灌注组肺组织细胞凋亡指数(肺缺血再灌注5h组:22.08±1.93;对照组:2.04±0.67)、Fas/FasL和Caspase-3基因表达(肺缺血再灌注5h组:0.241±0.029;对照组:0.121±0.015)均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),并出现电泳梯形条带结构;三七总皂甙干预组Fas/FasL mRNA及其Caspase-3的表达(三七总皂甙干预5h组:0.199±0.020;肺缺血再灌注5h组:0.241±0.029)显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),肺组织细胞凋亡指数(三七总皂甙干预5h组:12.58±1.82;肺缺血再灌注5h组:22.08±1.93)也显著低于缺血再灌注组(P<0.01),梯形条带结构基本消失。肺组织细胞凋亡指数分别与Caspase-3 mRNA及Fas/FasL mRNA之间均呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论:三七总皂甙可能通过抑制Fas/FasL系统的激活,阻遏肺组织细胞凋亡,从而减轻肺缺血再灌注损伤。     

牛磺酸对大鼠肢体缺血再灌注后肺损伤时细胞凋亡的影响

目的:从细胞凋亡的角度探讨肢体缺血再灌注(LIR)后急性肺损伤(ALI)的发病机制及牛磺酸的影响。方法:复制大鼠肢体缺血再灌注(LIR)损伤动物模型,采用TUNEL法、电泳法、半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(SqRT-PCR)及免疫组织化学等技术观察LIR后肺损伤发生过程中,肺泡上皮及血管内皮细胞凋亡变化以及Fas/FasL系统蛋白质和mRNA表达的改变。结果:大鼠LIR后,肺泡上皮细胞和肺血管内皮细胞凋亡明显增加;肺组织Fas/FasLmRNA和蛋白质表达明显上调,DNA断链率、组织钙含量和活性氧(ROS)升高,且与肺泡上皮及血管内皮细胞凋亡的增加相一致。结论:肺泡上皮及血管内皮细胞凋亡以及Fas/FasL系统表达明显上调可能参与LIR后ALI的发生;牛磺酸可减少肺组织细胞凋亡,但并非通过影响Fas/FasL基因表达而实现其保护效应。     

Overexpression of Fas and FasL Is Associated with Infectious Complications and Severity of Experimental Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Promoting Apoptosis of Lymphocytes

This study investigated the relationship of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression and apoptosis of lymphocytes in relation to the pathogenic immune response and infectious complications observed in experimental severe acute pancreatitis in mice. Forty male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into control, mild (MAP), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) groups. Overexpression of Fas/FasL messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein was observed in spleen-derived lymphocytes in SAP (p?<?0.01). Apoptosis of these resulted in a depletion of circulating lymphocytes in this group (p?<?0.05). A further significant change in the SAP group with infectious complications was observed. A positive relationship was found between the Fas/FasL expression and lymphocyte apoptosis, and negative relationships were observed between Fas/FasL expression and CD4⁺ and CD19⁺ lymphocytes and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio in SAP mice (p?<?0.01). The results suggest that the overexpression of Fas/FasL is associated with infectious complications and severity of experimental severe acute pancreatitis by promoting apoptosis of lymphocytes.     

Differential effects of caspase-1/interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme on acinar cell necrosis and apoptosis in severe acute experimental pancreatitis.

There is recent experimental evidence that inhibition of caspase-1/interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE) significantly ameliorates overall severity and survival in severe acute experimental pancreatitis. However, little is known about the effects of this approach on the dynamics and mechanisms of local acinar cell damage, which we aimed to investigate in the present study. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was induced by retrograde infusion of 4% sodium taurocholate in rats treated with isotonic saline or a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of ICE. After 3, 6, and 24 hours, 3 and 7 days, acinar cell death by necrosis and apoptosis, as well as intrapancreatic and systemic interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression, was assessed. Treatment with the ICE inhibitor significantly reduced the extent of acinar cell necrosis accounting for major parenchymal destruction. In contrast, apoptosis was confined to the postacute course of the disease and was closely related to tubular complex formation, both remaining unchanged. Whereas intrapancreatic IL-1beta mRNA expression was highly up-regulated in both treated and untreated animals, active IL-1beta protein expression and subsequent neutrophil tissue infiltration was dramatically decreased in the ICE-inhibited group. Parallel to the onset of enhanced apoptotic acinar cell death and tubular complex formation, TNF-alpha mRNA and protein expression was up-regulated, with levels being lower in ICE inhibitor-treated rats. We conclude that activation of caspase-1/ICE plays a central role in the progression of acinar cell death by necrosis in SAP. Herein, IL-1beta-mediated neutrophil infiltration seems to be a crucial step in enhanced cellular destruction. In contrast, acinar cell apoptosis contributes to ductal transformation and is independent of this mechanism, but may be influenced by TNF-alpha.     

Seawater induces apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells via the Fas/FasL-mediated pathway

Our previous study showed that seawater can cause lung tissue cell apoptosis; in the present study, the immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis results demonstrated that Fas, FasL, and cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 were up-regulated in the rat lungs exposed to seawater. We found that seawater-induced human lung alveolar epithelial A549 cell apoptosis was concentration and time dependent. Moreover, seawater increased the expression of Fas, FasL, and cleaved caspase-8 and caspase-3 in A549 cells. The incubation of A549 cells in the presence of FasL-neutralising antibody (NOK-2) or caspase-8 inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) resulted in a decrease of seawater-induced cell apoptosis. NOK-2 inhibited Fas/FasL interaction and reduced the cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, and Z-IETD-FMK blocked caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation. Seawater similarly produced a significant increase in rat alveolar type II cell apoptosis and expression of Fas and cleaved caspase-8. In summary, the Fas/FasL pathway involved in alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis could be important in the pathogenesis of seawater-induced acute lung injury (SW-ALI).     

Relationship of acute lung inflammatory injury to Fas/FasL system

There is mounting evidence that apoptosis plays a significant role in tissue damage during acute lung injury. To evaluate the role of the apoptosis mediators Fas and FasL in acute lung injury, Fas (lpr)- or FasL (gld)-deficient and wild-type mice were challenged with intrapulmonary deposition of IgG immune complexes. Lung injury parameters ((125)I-albumin leak, accumulation of myeloperoxidase, and wet lung weights) were measured and found to be consistently reduced in both lpr and gld mice. In wild-type mice, lung injury was associated with a marked increase in Fas protein in lung. Inflamed lungs of wild-type mice showed striking evidence of activated caspase-3, which was much diminished in inflamed lungs from lpr mice. Intratracheal administration of a monoclonal Fas-activating antibody (Jo2) in wild-type mice induced MIP-2 and KC production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and a murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) showed significantly increased MIP-2 production after incubation with this antibody. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid content of MIP-2 and KC was substantially reduced in lpr mice after lung injury when compared to levels in wild-type mice. These data suggest that the Fas/FasL system regulates the acute lung inflammatory response by positively affecting CXC-chemokine production, ultimately leading to enhanced neutrophil influx and tissue damage.