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1.
OBJECTIVES: Non-urothelial bladder tumors frequently present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. We review the peer-reviewed literature to summarize the available evidence on the etiology, diagnosis and optimal management of malignant non-urothelial bladder tumors. METHODS: A comprehensive MEDLINE database search was performed. In addition, the proceedings of recent national and international urological and cancer society meetings were reviewed. RESULTS: Primary non-urothelial bladder tumors are rare in Europe and North America representing less than 5% of all bladder lesions combined. A large number of risk factors have been implicated in the etiology of non-schistosomiasis-related squamous cell carcinoma, yet their exact pathomechanism remains poorly defined. Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, sarcoma and carcinosarcoma/sarcomatoid tumors share an unfavorable prognosis despite aggressive surgical management that relates both to an aggressive biological behaviour as well as to an often times advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Inflammatory pseudotumors are benign tumors of uncertain histogenesis that may mimic sarcomas. Paraganglioma, primary melanoma and lymphoma represent additional, exceedingly rare bladder tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The systematic investigation of most non-urothelial bladder tumors is limited by the rarity of these lesions. A concerted effort of multiple institutions linked together in a national or international tumor registry will be necessary to advance our understanding of these tumors, evaluate treatment strategies and optimize patient outcome in the future. 相似文献
2.
将0.5ml明胶-阿霉素抗癌缓释剂注入家兔膀胱粘膜下,阶段处死实验动物,分别取注射部位附近和注射部位1cm外组织块,测定阿霉素膀胱组织浓度。结果发现,明胱-阿胶素抗癌缓释剂注入家兔膀胱粘膜下后可释放12d,且注射部位附近与注射部位1cm上膀胱组织阿霉素浓度无显著性差异(P=0.8261),认为明胶-阿霉素癌缓释剂体内释药特性及组织扩散特性良好,具有较好的临床应用前景 相似文献
3.
A.M. Tawfeek D. Mostafa M.A. Mahmoud A. Radwan I.H. Hamza 《The African Journal of Urology》2018,24(1):73-78
Introduction
Bladder cancer is the second most common genitourinary malignancy. Recent technological advances have led to the development of virtual endoluminal internal views similar to those obtained with conventional endoscopy (virtual cystoscopy).Objectives
To evaluate the potential value of virtual cystoscopy in the detection and follow up of bladder tumors.Patients and methods
A total of 50 patients from Ain Shams University Hospital were studied between August 2012 and April 2014 at Ain Shams’ Radiology Department and Sonoscan Radiology Center. All patients underwent 2D-US, 3D virtual sonographic cystoscopy and conventional cystoscopy, with results compared for sensitivity and specificity in correlation with the site, size and shape of the tumor.Results
3D virtual cystoscopy showed a sensitivity of 96.5%; while its specificity in identifying lesions was 85.7%; positive predictive values were 96.5%; negative predictive value were 85.7%. The sensitivity of the 2D ultrasound was 77.2%; while its specificity in identifying lesions was 57.1%; positive predictive values came at 88%; negative predictive value were 38.1%. Calculations were made taking into consideration the conventional cystoscopy “gold standard”.Conclusion
Additional to lower costs and no radiation exposure, 3D sonography appears comparable to the use of CT scans and MRI in providing virtual cystoscopy in investigating bladder cancer. Virtual sonographic cystoscopy may therefore be a useful alternative for screening and follow up of tumors, particularly if conventional cystoscopy cannot be performed. However, 3D sonography cannot replace pathological staging, and there is still a need to further improve this technology for enhanced assessment of mucosal abnormalities. 相似文献4.
根据接触式激光对组织具有汽化切割和凝固的功能,采用接触式激光经尿道治疗膀胱肿瘤21例,其中20例为低分级移行上皮细胞癌,1例为内翻状乳头状肿瘤,结果除2例术后非治疗区域发生肿瘤外(9.5%),其余均未见复发,获得满意的临床效果。认为接触式激光治疗浅表非浸润性肿瘤操作简单,容易掌握,但需严格掌握手术指征。该术式与经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术比较有出血少、无闭孔神经反射、无伤口肿瘤种植、对患者打击小、恢复快、老年高危患者也可适用等优点,是治疗浅表膀胱肿瘤理想的手术方法。存在的不足是手术耗时较多。若将两者结合起来,可发挥各自优势。 相似文献
5.
Summary Neoplastic invasion into the connective stalks of transitional cell papillary tumors of the bladder was assessed in TUR specimens from new cases. There were 21 G1 cases, none of which showed invasion of the connective tissue stalk; this compared with definite invasion in 19 of 77 G2 cases (25%) and in 16 of 17 G3 cases (94%). During a 5 year follow-up period more of the stalk invasive cases had an unfavorable course (fatal outcome or total cystectomy) than of the stalk non-invasive cases; this was statistically significant (p>0.01) for the whole group of patients and for the smaller group of patients with G2 tumors (p>0.05). 相似文献
6.
目的 探讨微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石的可行性及相关疗效.方法 我院自2005年6月至2011年4月采用微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石86例.其中成人患者79例,小儿患者7例;男性患者83例,女性患者3例;年龄最大者88岁,最小者2岁.麻醉显效后患者取平卧位,耻骨上2 cm处穿刺入膀胱,建立经皮膀胱通道,留置工作鞘.经鞘置入输尿管镜,行气压弹道碎石,碎石片从鞘中钳取出或冲洗出.术毕缝合穿刺口皮肤,留置导尿.结果 86例手术均获成功,无残余结石,无膀胱穿孔及明显出血,术后排尿通畅,原有尿道狭窄患者无加重,也无新的尿道狭窄发生.结论 微创经皮膀胱取石术治疗膀胱结石具有创伤小、恢复快、清石率高、并发症少、安全及操作简单等优点,可有选择性的在临床开展. 相似文献
7.
Osman Inci Esat Kaya Bulent Alagol Mustafa Kaplan Latife Doganay 《International urology and nephrology》2003,36(1):45-46
Chondrosarcoma is a rare tumor that more frequently involves the pelvic bones, the femur, and the humerus [1, 2]. The rareness
of the tumor makes the diagnosis difficult. Malignant cartilage tumors typically have an unstable radiographic appearance
[3]. In this report we aimed to point out the difficulties of the radiological differentiation of the pelvic chondrosarcoma
and bladder tumor.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨静脉尿路造影(IVU)和经腹B超在原发性膀胱癌和复发性膀胱癌诊断中的价值。方法:对173例原发性膀胱癌和156例复发膀胱癌病例均行病理、膀胱镜检查、IVU与肾输尿管和膀胱B超检查。结果:173例原发性膀胱癌中IVU检出率59.0%,B超检出率92、5%,23例上尿路异常两者均同时检出;156例复发性膀胱癌中IVU检出率66.7%,B超检出率71.8%,26例上尿路异常两者均同时检出。结论:经腹B超可以作为以无痛性血尿为首发症状的膀胱癌的首选筛选方法,对原发性和复发性膀胱癌均有较高的价值;IVU不必列为常规检查,甚至可以省去。 相似文献
9.
采用大剂量(每次120mg/m2)顺铂(PDD)对13例膀胱癌患者定期施行4~6次膀胱灌注,获得较好疗效,10例浅表性膀胱癌基本消退;2例浸润性膀胱癌,1例肿瘤基本消退,1例中断灌注;1例结肠腺性细胞转移癌患者3个月后死于肝转移。除并发严重血尿外,无其他毒副作用。随访30个月以上,复发率为4.8%。认为大剂量PDD膀胱铂灌注既有预防性作用,也有治疗性作用;既有直接杀伤癌细胞的作用,也有增强机体免疫能力的作用;但使用大剂量PDD应持慎重态度,严防出血。 相似文献
10.
膀胱非上皮性肿瘤25例诊治报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 总结膀胱非上皮性肿瘤的影像及临床诊断特点,探讨治疗方法与预后的关系.方法 回顾性分析25例膀胱非上皮肿瘤临床资料.男16例,女9例.年龄2~71岁.其中血尿6例,下腹部肿块2例,尿频14例,排尿困难2例,排尿晕厥1例.超声及CT检查发现22例膀胱占位病变,3例盆腔肿物及膀胱壁受累.均行膀胱镜检查,穿刺活检17例.结果 15例良性肿瘤行单纯肿瘤剜除术或膀胱部分切除术;10例恶性肿瘤行膀胱部分切除术或膀胱全切术.恶性肿瘤术后辅助化疗、放疗.随访3个月~11年.良性肿瘤均无复发,恶性肿瘤9例死于术后3年内,平均存活16个月;1例膀胱恶性淋巴瘤带瘤存活6年.结论 膀胱非上皮性肿瘤临床上少见,病理类型复杂,恶性居多,预后较差.膀胱部分切除术或膀胱全切术是本病的主要治疗方法,恶性肿瘤结合其病理特点辅助放化疗,疗效不理想,预后差别较大. 相似文献
11.
探讨明胶-阿霉素抗癌缓释剂治疗膀胱肿瘤的临床可行性。方法应用含20%小牛血清的完全培养基浸泡明胶-阿霉素抗癌缓释剂,将不同时间所得的培养基分别行阿霉素药物浓度测定及与膀胱肿瘤细胞株BIU-87混合培养。结果明胶-阿霉素抗癌缓释剂可于体外释放21天,第1至第19天释出药物对BIU-87细胞具有生长抑制作用,其释出药物浓度与BIU-87细胞生长率呈明显负相关(r=-0.6718,P<0.01)。结论明胶-阿霉素抗癌缓释剂应用于临床治疗膀胱肿瘤具有可行性。 相似文献
12.
前列腺增生并膀胱结石三种腔内碎石方法比较 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的:探讨BPH并膀胱结石患者经尿道腔内碎石的高效方法。方法:对BPH并膀胱结石患者280例,行经尿道腔内碎石治疗,术中均先行碎石,采用大力碎石钳碎石150例(Ⅰ组),气压弹道碎石55例(Ⅱ组),钬激光碎石75例(Ⅲ组);如碎石成功再行前列腺电汽化术切除前列腺(TVP)。结果:Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组碎石成功率分别为57.3%、67.3%、98.7%;术中发生膀胱损伤、穿孔率20.0%、1.8%、0%,因膀胱穿孔改为开放手术率2.7%、0%、0%,结石无法粉碎改为开放手术率40%、32.7%、1.3%,术后6月尿道狭窄发生率18%、5.5%、2.7%。改为开放手术患者均行耻骨上膀胱切开取石及前列腺摘除术,余碎石失败患者均行TVP并耻骨上膀胱切开取石。Ⅲ组与Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组碎石成功率、结石无法粉碎改开放手术率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组术中并发症发生率及术后尿道狭窄发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:经尿道钬激光碎石治疗BPH并膀胱结石是一种安全、高效的方法,可以作为首选。 相似文献
13.
14.
螺旋CT仿真膀胱镜在膀胱肿瘤诊断中的应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目的:探讨螺旋CT仿真膀胱镜(CTVC)在膀胱肿瘤诊断中的应用和临床价值。方法:使用GE Hispeed CT/i螺旋CT扫描机对38例可疑膀胱肿瘤患者行平扫,增强扫描后再延迟扫描(层厚3-5mm),螺距1.5mm,重建率60.0%-66.6%,并利用GE AW3.1工作站Navigator软件生成仿真内窥镜影像。结果:CTVC检查的准确度为94.4%,特异度为99.9%,敏感度为96.0%,CTVC对病变形态的显示与纤维膀胱镜和标本具有良好的对应性,结论:CTVC是一种新的非侵袭检查手段,有一定的临床使用价值。 相似文献
15.
目的探讨进展期腹、盆腔脏器肿瘤侵犯膀胱的临床特点及其诊断和处理。方法回顾性分析经临床和病理证实的21例进展期腹、盆腔脏器肿瘤侵犯膀胱的临床资料。结果本组原发癌占13例和复发癌8例。其中降、乙状结肠癌10例,直肠癌7例,卵巢癌2例,恶性子宫内膜异位症2例。临床表现主要为便血,血尿,腹痛,腹部肿块,肾积水。手术配合化疗15例(根治性手术9例,姑息性手术6例),放弃治疗6例。术后随访15例,随访3个月~5年,平均2.6年,无瘤生存6例,局部复发带瘤生存4例,死于癌症或晚期并发症11例。结论进展期腹、盆腔脏器肿瘤侵犯膀胱,主要依据临床表现、影像和窥镜等检查而诊断。处理取决于原发肿瘤的进展情况,对局部进展侵犯膀胱者,可以施行肿瘤扩大根治手术或姑息切除术,配合化疗等综合措施,近期效果良好,生活质量改善。 相似文献
16.
Accurate detection and staging is critical to the appropriate management of urothelial cancer (UC). The use of advanced optical techniques during cystoscopy is becoming more widespread to prevent recurrent nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Standard of care for muscle-invasive UC includes the use of computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging, but staging accuracy of these tests remains imperfect. Novel imaging modalities are being developed to improve current test performance. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography has a role in the initial evaluation of select patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and in disease recurrence in some cases. Several novel immuno-positron emission tomography tracers are currently in development to address the inadequacy of current imaging modalities for monitoring of tumor response to newer immune-based treatments. This review summaries the current standards and recent advances in optical techniques and imaging modalities in localized and metastatic UC. 相似文献
17.
B超定位经皮肾镜治疗肾及输尿管上段结石940例临床分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的:探讨B超定位下经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声波碎石清石术治疗复杂肾结石及输尿管上段结石的临床治疗结果及远期疗效。方法:选取2005年7月~2008年11月在我科采用B超定位下经皮肾镜气压弹道联合超声波碎石清石术的940例结石患者其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:患者双肾结石210例,单侧肾结石730例,其中并发患侧输尿管结石124例;一期碎石成功1060例次,需二期碎石156例次。结论:用B超定位经皮肾镜弹道联合超声碎石清石术治疗肾脏复杂结石及输尿管上段结石具有较高疗效,可被视为治疗该种疾病的“金标准”。 相似文献
18.
目的 探讨一种新型碎石模式的构建及处理合并前列腺增生的复杂性膀胱结石的临床效果.方法 以电切镜鞘、肾镜镜鞘、膀胱侧视镜构建出三通道碎石系统,结合气压弹道碎石治疗42例合并前列腺增生的复杂性膀胱结石,比较碎石效果及术前、术后3个月I-PSS、QOL评分、BOO分级、Qmax差异.结果 42例患者均一次清石成功,碎石时间(43.6±11.2) min;无膀胱穿孔、明显水外渗、大出血、严重尿道损伤等并发症;顺利进行进一步经尿道前列腺电切术.术后3月I-PSS评分(9.5±3.6)分,QOL评分(1.3±1.2)分,Qmax(17.7±5.9) mL,以及BOO分级与术前比较差异均有统计学意义.结论 电切镜鞘、肾镜镜鞘及膀胱侧视镜构建出的三通道碎石系统可以连续高效地处理合并前列腺增生的复杂性膀胱结石,临床效果良好. 相似文献
19.
目的总结肾镜联合双频超声治疗膀胱结石的疗效及操作技巧。方法回顾性分析我院自2009年4月至2010年3月应用肾镜联合Cyberwand双频双导管超声治疗膀胱结石14例的临床资料。14例患者中,结石平均直径为2.4cm,其中8例为膀胱多发结石,合并前列腺增生11例。应用美国Cybersonics公司双频双导管超声及Wolf24F李氏肾镜进行碎石。结果手术均成功,无严重并发症发生,无需尿道扩张入镜,结石清除率为100%(14/14),平均手术时间为21min,单纯膀胱结石患者术后平均住院为1.8d,结石分析尿酸3例,草酸钙和磷酸钙混合成分8例,余3例为混合成分。结论肾镜联合双频双导管超声治疗膀胱结石手术时间短、碎石效率高、不损伤膀胱黏膜、无需置入膀胱镜冲洗出结石,且肾镜直径小,不损伤尿道,手术方法简便,值得临床推广。 相似文献
20.
膀胱灌注10-HCPT预防肿瘤复发的临床观察 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的:探讨膀胱灌注10-式喜树碱(10-HCPT)预防肿瘤复发的临床疗效。方法:对26例膀胱肿瘤患者在施行膀胱部分切除术或经尿道胱肿瘤电气化术后作10-HCPT10mg加生理盐水20ml膀胱灌注治疗。结果:所有患者均获是18 ̄56个月随访,平均34.7个月,24例无肿瘤复发;2例于2年后复发。结论:膀胱肿瘤术后膀胱灌注10-HCPT治疗效果可靠,副作用微小,无全身性化疗反应发生。 相似文献