香烟烟雾暴露对大鼠睾丸转铁蛋白mRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响

目的探讨香烟烟雾暴露对大鼠睾丸结构及睾丸组织转铁蛋白(Tf)mRNA及其蛋白表达水平的影响。方法清洁级成年雄性SD大鼠160只,随机分为对照组及低(10根香烟)、中(20根香烟)、高(30根香烟)剂量染毒组,各染毒组大鼠分别染毒2、4、6、8、12周,共16组,每组10只。染毒组大鼠采用呼吸道静式染毒,1次/d,30 min/次。观察大鼠睾丸组织结构,采用RT-PCR及Western blot法检测睾丸组织Tf mRNA及其蛋白表达水平。结果染毒组大鼠睾丸病理切片可见生精上皮层次减少,生精细胞排列疏松,支持细胞空泡化。染毒4、8、12周时高剂量组大鼠睾丸组织Tf mRNA表达水平低于对照组和低剂量组,染毒8周时高剂量组大鼠睾丸组织Tf蛋白表达水平低于对照组,染毒12周时中、高剂量组大鼠睾丸组织Tf蛋白表达水平低于低剂量组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论香烟烟雾暴露可导致雄性大鼠睾丸组织损伤,并抑制Tf基因及蛋白表达。     

香烟烟雾暴露大鼠肺组织中RAGE蛋白表达的改变

[目的]观察香烟烟雾暴露大鼠肺组织中晚期糖基化终产物受体(receptor for advanced glycation endproducts,RAGE)蛋白的表达。[方法]健康雄性Wistar大鼠20只,随机分为3个香烟烟雾染毒组和1个对照组,每组5只。采用动式气体染毒装置对大鼠进行香烟烟雾的染毒,装置内烟雾及氧气浓度分别控制在20%和21%,每天染毒2次,每次30min,3个染毒组分别暴露1、2、4个月作为短、中、长时间暴露组。染毒结束后取动物肺脏,左肺甲醛固定作病理切片,右肺提取蛋白,分别采用免疫组织化学方法和免疫印迹方法(Western blot)定性和定量检测RAGE蛋白在各组大鼠肺组织中的表达。同时检测肺组织氧化损伤指标--线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶(cytochrome C oxidase,COX)的活性,并分析RAGE的表达与COX活性的相关性。[结果]免疫组织化学结果显示RAGE蛋白棕黄色阳性颗粒在香烟烟雾暴露组大鼠的肺泡上皮细胞、支气管上皮细胞以及淋巴细胞中均呈现阳性表达。Western blot结果显示,与对照组比较,中、长时间暴露组大鼠肺组织中RAGE蛋白的表达明显增高(P<0.01)。...     

氟对体外大鼠睾丸支持细胞雄激素结合蛋白和抑制素B mRNA表达的影响

目的研究氟对体外培养大鼠睾丸支持细胞雄激素结合蛋白(ABP)和抑制素B(INHB)转录水平的影响。方法建立支持细胞体外培养模型,以浓度分别为2.5、5.0、10.0和20.0mg/L氟化钠溶液染毒细胞,用RT-PCR方法检测ABP和INHB mRNA的相对表达量。结果①ABP mRNA相对表达量在各剂量组与对照组相比,2.5mg/L组高于对照组,且差异有统计学意义(P0.05);5.0mg/L高于对照组,但差异没有统计学意义;其余各组低于对照组,但差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。②INHB mRNA相对表达量在各剂量组与对照组比较,2.5和5mg/L组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);其余两组低于对照组,但是差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在2.5～20.0mg/L剂量范围内,未观察到氟对体外培养大鼠睾丸支持细胞ABP和INHB mRNA的表达有明显影响。     

烟草烟雾对青春期雄性大鼠性激素水平的影响

目的探讨烟草烟雾对青春期雄性大鼠睾丸损伤及性激素的影响。方法将5周龄SPF级雄性SD大鼠80只随机分为对照组和染毒组,每组40只。染毒组采用呼吸道静式染毒法吸入烟草烟雾,每日1次,每次2 h,共染毒8周。于染毒后第2、4、6、8周分别处死染毒组与对照组大鼠各10只,观察大鼠睾丸组织结构,并测定血清中睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平。结果染毒6、8周时大鼠睾丸重量低于对照组,染毒4~8周时大鼠血清中T、LH水平低于对照组,染毒2~8周时FSH水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。睾丸病理切片显示,染毒组大鼠睾丸组织萎缩、细胞裂解、间质组织变性。结论烟草烟雾可导致青春期雄性大鼠睾丸组织损伤,血清性激素水平降低。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大鼠睾丸支持细胞的影响

目的探讨邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对睾丸支持细胞超微结构和功能的影响。方法将6周龄雄性SD大鼠随机分成0、250、500和1000mg/kg组,每组16只。给予DBP灌胃,分别于染毒2周和4周后各处死8只动物。采用放射免疫法测定血清卵泡刺激素,逆转录聚合酶链反应测定雄激素结合蛋白mRNA和抑制素αmRNA的相对表达量,用透射电镜观察支持细胞的超微结构。结果DBP染毒4周后,卵泡刺激素表现出明显的上升趋势,250和1000mg/kg组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;精子头计数和每日精子生成量呈现出单一的下降趋势,500和1000mg/kg组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。雄激素结合蛋白mRNA和抑制素αmRNA表达水平随着DBP染毒剂量的增加呈现出明显的下降趋势,无论是染毒2周还是4周,500和1000mg/kg组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义。0、250、500和1000mg/kg组的雄激素结合蛋白mRNA相对表达量在染毒2周后分别为0.89±0.15、0.85±0.23、0.54±0.17和0.52±0.16,染毒4周后分别为0.76±0.16、0.73±0.17、0.47±0.14和0.38±0.14;抑制素αmRNA的相对表达量在染毒2周后分别为0.88±0.16、0.61±0.12、0.48±0.15和0.47±0.11,染毒4周后分别为0.75±0.19、0.56±0.16、0.53±0.08和0.45±0.10。电镜观察结果显示,1000mg/kg组支持细胞胞浆中初     

环境香烟烟雾对大鼠甲状腺功能的影响

通过香烟烟雾（ＥＴＳ）污染环境模型，研究ＥＴＳ对大鼠甲状腺抗氧化能力以及血清ＦＴ４、ＴＳＨ、ＴＧ等的影响。结果发现：ＥＴＳ暴露６周后，大鼠体重和甲状腺相对重量在２ｈ组明显下降，甲状腺ＳＯＤ活性明显降低，ＭＤＡ含量显著增高；血清ＦＴ４水平升高，ＴＳＨ无明显变化，且与ＦＴ４无相关性，ＴＧ在１ｈ组明显降低，提示ＥＴＳ可对甲状腺造成脂质过氧化损伤。甲状腺生理功能受到影响，可能与ＥＴＳ中尼古丁对交感神经的刺激以及５′脱碘酶活性受抑制有关。     

Effect of cigarette smoke on DNA damage,oxidative stress,and morphological alterations in mouse testis and spermatozoa

Although the adverse effects of active smoking on sperm quality and fertilization ability are well established, little is known about possible effects of involuntary exposures to cigarette smoke (CS). We designed an experimental study aimed at evaluating the induction of possible noxious effects on testicular morphology and functions in A/J mice exposed whole-body to CS during the first 70 days of life, from birth to early adulthood. Twenty-five sham-exposed neonatal mice and 23 CS-exposed neonatal mice were used. Exposure to CS caused a variety of interconnected alterations in male gonads, including loss of weight and histomorphological alterations of testis, accompanied by a significant increase in abnormalities affecting epidydimal spermatozoa. Induction of oxidative stress was demonstrated by significantly increased concentrations of both reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation products in sperm cells. Occurrence of DNA damage in the same cells was documented by using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay, which showed a remarkable increase in DNA single- and double-strand breaks in CS-exposed mice, as compared with sham-exposed mice. Since biochemical and molecular alterations of sperm cells are known to be associated with impaired sperm quality, our findings suggest that involuntary smoking is potentially able to impair fertility in subjects exposed early in life.     

烟溶液与温石棉对细胞增殖活性的影响

目的　探讨香烟烟雾溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用对细胞增殖活性的影响。方法　将人胚肺（ Ｈ Ｅ Ｌ） 成纤维细胞用不同浓度的烟溶液和温石棉单独及联合作用一定时间后,应用［３ Ｈ］ Ｔｄ Ｒ参入法测定了细胞的增殖能力。结果　低剂量的烟溶液与温石棉单独作用时均可促进细胞的增殖,但较高剂量的烟溶液和温石棉则可抑制细胞的增殖;当二者联合作用时,低剂量的烟溶液与温石棉可协同增加细胞的增殖,而较高剂量的烟溶液与温石棉则只表现为相加作用。结论　烟溶液与温石棉单独及联合作用均可影响 Ｈ Ｅ Ｌ细胞的增殖活性,但其促增殖和抑制增殖能力则随剂量不同而不同。     

香烟烟雾对大鼠肺组织白介素17表达的影响

目的 通过烟熏法建立大鼠被动吸烟模型,观察香烟烟雾及戒烟对大鼠白介素17（简称IL-17）和肺表面活性物质A（pulmonary surfactant protein A简称SP-A）的变化,探讨IL-17、SP-A在吸烟相关性肺损伤中的作用机制。方法 选择健康雄性Wistar大鼠50只,随机分为5组,分别为正常对照组、被动吸烟4周组、被动吸烟8周组、被动吸烟12周组和戒烟组。HE染色观察肺组织的病理改变,免疫组织化学染色方法观察大鼠肺组织中IL-17的表达,采用ELISA方法检测血清中SP-A、IL-17含量。结果 香烟烟雾可导致肺组织炎症反应和肺气肿改变;肺组织 IL-17表达增强;被动吸烟组和戒烟组大鼠血清SP-A［(4.94±1.90）、（8.80±1.44）、（12.81±3.16）、（10.39±1.92） mg/L 和 （3.32±0.73） mg/L,F = 22.85,P＜0.001］、IL-17［(118.29±15.71）、（148.99±17.01）、（175.70±15.40）、（151.31±20.6） pg/L 和 （98.99±12.26）pg/L,F = 33.62,P ＜0.001］含量较正常对照组升高;随着被动吸烟时间的延长,肺组织中IL-17表达逐渐增加,血清中SP-A、IL-17含量逐渐增加;戒烟组较12周组肺组织中IL-17表达减少,血清SP-A［（10.39±1.92） vs （12.81±3.16）,t =-6.42,P ＜0.05］、IL-17［( 151.31±20.6） vs （175.70±15.40）,t = -9.43,P ＜0.05］ 含量明显降低。 结论 香烟烟雾可引起肺部炎症,导致肺组织IL-17及血清SP-A、IL-17表达增加。     

香烟烟雾对大鼠血压和可替宁含量影响的实验研究

目的 研究香烟烟雾暴露对大鼠血压水平变化和血清、尿液中可替宁含量的影响,并探讨两者之间的相关性。 方法 健康雄性SD大鼠60只,按随机数字表随机分为实验组（即香烟烟雾暴露组）和对照组,每组30只。实验组大鼠给予香烟烟雾暴露干预12周,对照组大鼠正常饲养。在香烟烟雾暴露干预开始及以后的1周、2周、3周、4周、6周、8周、12周分别从实验组和对照组中随机抓取3只大鼠测量血压,采用两独立样本 t 检验法分析比较两组大鼠在不同时间点血压的差异;用酶联免疫吸附试验测定不同时间点大鼠血清和尿液中可替宁的水平,并采用Pearson相关分析法进行血压和可替宁含量的相关性检验。 结果 大鼠在接受香烟烟雾暴露干预2周后血压开始上升,和对照组相比血压升高,差异有统计学意义（ P <0.05）;实验组大鼠血清及尿液中可替宁水平随烟雾暴露时间的延长而增高;实验组大鼠收缩压和舒张压均与血清中可替宁水平呈正相关（ r =0.883, P <0.05; r =0.814, P <0.05）,与尿液中可替宁水平呈正相关（ r =0.873, P <0.05; r =0.798, P <0.05）,差异均有统计学意义。 结论 香烟烟雾暴露可引起大鼠血压增高,并随暴露时间的延长,血压水平和大鼠体内可替宁含量也逐渐上升,且大鼠血压和体内可替宁水平变化正相关。     

Effect of cigarette smoke on the eyes and airway

Summary Questionnaires relating to subjective aspects of passive cigarette smoke exposure have been completed by 426 adults attending the offices of ophthalmologists in the Toronto area. Lachrymation was a frequent complaint (ex-smokers > non-smokers > smokers); however, the intensity was usually slight, and the time to onset was often 20 min or longer. Smokers reported lachrymation more frequently with "passive" exposure than from use of their own cigarettes. Stinging of the eyes (non-smokers > ex-smokers > smokers) was reported less frequently than lachrymation. Perceived disturbances of vision were positively correlated with stinging of the eyes, but were negatively related to lachrymation. Wheezing was more commonly reported by smokers and ex-smokers than by non-smokers, while rhinorrhea was more frequent in the non-smokers. There was a two-fold increase in the frequency of wheezing in asthmatics, and of rhinorrhea in patients with hay-fever. It is concluded that since symptoms are reported by both smokers and non smokers, it is reasonable to establish air quality criteria on subjective grounds. Patients with asthma and hay-fever seem particularly vulnerable to "passive" cigarette smoke exposure.     

香烟烟雾对室内空气污染及其对健康影响的研究进展

香烟烟雾中所含有的化学物质多达数千种,其中有60多种对人体健康有严重危害。香烟烟雾已成为室内空气污染的主要来源,而人体的多种疾病就是与室内空气的污染有关。作者从香烟烟雾中的有害物质、对室内空气的污染情况、对人体的健康的影响及减少污染的措施等方面进行综述。     

香烟或烟嘴内植物色素对吸烟大小鼠的抗氧化损伤作用

目的　研究植物色素 (PP)分别加入香烟和烟嘴内对吸烟大、小鼠的抗氧化损伤作用。方法　抗氧化试验方法。雌性小鼠 4 0只 ,雄性大鼠 32只 ,分别随机分为 4组。 2个对照组 (阴性组和吸烟对照组 ) ,2个实验组 (烟内组和烟嘴组 )。观察PP对吸烟大小鼠血浆超氧化物歧化酶 (P SOD)、红细胞SOD(E SOD)和肝细胞丙二醛 (L MDA)的影响。数据经方差分析。结果　 2个试验组小鼠P SOD升高 ,烟嘴组E SOD也升高 ,上述升高与吸烟对照组比较差异非常显著(P <0 .0 1) ,与阴性组比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;2个试验组小鼠L MDA降低 ,烟内组与吸烟对照组比较差异非常显著(P <0 .0 1) ,与阴性组比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 2个试验组大鼠P SOD、E SOD升高与吸烟对照组比较差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,与阴性组比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;烟内组和烟嘴组大鼠L MDA降低与吸烟组比较差异显著和极显著 (P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1) ,与阴性组比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　PP加入香烟或烟嘴内 ,可显著的减轻吸烟大、小鼠的氧化损伤作用。     

Effects of cigarette smoke residues from textiles on fibroblasts, neurocytes and zebrafish embryos and nicotine permeation through human skin

Toxic substances from cigarette smoke can attach to carpets, curtains, clothes or other surfaces and thus may pose risks to affected persons. The phenomenon itself and the potential hazards are discussed controversially, but scientific data are rare. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of textile-bound nicotine for permeation through human skin and to assess the effects of cigarette smoke extracts from clothes on fibroblasts, neurocytes and zebrafish embryos. Tritiated nicotine from contaminated cotton textiles penetrated through adult human full-thickness skin as well as through a 3D in vitro skin model in diffusion chambers. We also observed a significant concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of textile smoke extracts on fibroblast viability and structure as well as on neurocytes. Early larval tests with zebrafish embryos were used as a valid assay for testing acute vertebrate toxicity. Zebrafish development was delayed and most of the embryos died when exposed to smoke extracts from textiles. Our data show that textiles contaminated with cigarette smoke represent a potential source of nicotine uptake and can provoke adverse health effects.