子宫动脉灌注化疗及栓塞在治疗剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠中的应用价值

目的探讨经子宫动脉灌注化疗及栓塞术治疗剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的应用价值。方法 23例剖宫产后切口瘢痕妊娠病例,在DSA引导下经双侧子宫动脉按血供比例分配灌注甲氨蝶呤100mg进行灌注杀胚,再以明胶海绵栓塞,术后24～48h行清宫术。结果全部病例均顺利完成双侧子宫动脉灌注化疗及栓塞术,术后24h复查血清β-HCG水平较术前平均下降87.77%,阴道出血停止,清宫术中出血10～200ml,平均40ml,无严重并发症发生。结论经子宫动脉灌注可明显提高胚囊局部甲氨蝶呤的血药浓度,有效杀伤和消除胚胎组织,栓塞后阻断胚胎血供,达到降低子宫切除和丧失生育能力的风险,缩短住院时间,是治疗剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠安全、有效的方法。     

氨甲蝶呤与氟尿嘧啶在介入治疗剖宫产后子宫切口妊娠中的疗效对比

目的比较剖宫产后切口妊娠介入治疗中氨甲蝶呤(MTX)和5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)的疗效。方法将2007年至2010年收治的92例剖宫产后子宫切口妊娠患者随机分成两组,MTX组46例,给予MTX 60～200 mg子宫动脉内灌注和灌注后栓塞;5-FU组46例,给予5-FU 1 000～1 250 mg子宫动脉内灌注和灌注后栓塞,比较两种药物对剖宫产后切口妊娠的疗效。介入术后第1、2、3天连续复查患者血β人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-hCG)和孕酮,并随访3个月。结果 MTX组痊愈率97.2%,5-FU组痊愈率100%,两组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在MTX组和5-FU组,分别有40例和38例第1～3天血β-hCG和孕酮水平迅速下降,下降幅度为50%～80%,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均于手术当日出现腹痛,MTX组和5-FU组分别有3例和2例术后出现轻度恶心、呕吐,两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后随访中,两组月经恢复时间、激素水平无显著差别。结论两种药物在剖宫产后切口妊娠介入治疗中的疗效相似。     

子宫动脉灌注联合PVA栓塞治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠临床分析

目的分析子宫动脉灌注MTX联合PVA栓塞治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的临床效果。方法对12例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者,行双侧子宫动脉MTX灌注联合PVA栓塞治疗。先经导管向子宫动脉灌注MTX,再用500～710μm PVA颗粒对双侧子宫动脉进行栓塞。通过治疗前后患者的临床表现和血清β-HCG水平及妊娠囊变化情况进行疗效评价。结果 12例患者经子宫动脉灌注MTX联合PVA栓塞治疗后临床症状明显缓解,血清β-HCG水平迅速下降,妊娠囊逐渐萎缩、坏死、脱落。结论子宫动脉灌注MTX联合PVA栓塞治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠能迅速止血,有效杀胚,保留子宫,是剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的一种安全、有效治疗方法。     

子宫动脉化疗栓塞在剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠中的应用研究

目的 探讨子宫动脉灌注化疗栓塞术治疗剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的可行性和安全性.方法　2005年6月至2010年6月在复旦大学附属妇产科医院就诊的130例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠患者行子宫动脉化疗栓塞术,经双侧子宫动脉各灌注甲氨蝶呤(methotrexate,MTX)100～150 mg,庆大霉素8万u,再以明胶海绵栓塞,其中23例合并子宫肌瘤患者,以PVA颗粒栓塞,术后24～72 h时行清宫术.结果 子宫动脉化疗栓塞操作成功率100%.清宫术时出血12～110 ml,平均28.5 ml.无严重并发症发生.结论 子宫动脉化疗栓塞配合清宫术可明显降低子宫切除和丧失生育能力的风险,是治疗剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠安全可行的方法.     

低流量低剂量甲氨蝶呤动脉灌注栓塞术在终止子宫瘢痕妊娠的应用

目的 探讨低流量低剂量甲氨蝶呤(MTX)动脉灌注栓塞术在终止剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠(CSP)中的应用价值.方法 对诊断明确的83例CSP患者行DSA血管造影、低流量低剂量MTX子宫动脉灌注加栓塞术,术后在宫腔镜下行清宫术,对疗效及出血量及月经恢复时间进行分析.结果 83例CSP的患者行低流量动脉灌注加栓塞术后,均在3～5天内行清宫术,恢复良好,术中出血量均＜20ml,平均出血量约(11.3 ±2.14)ml,清宫术前血β-HCG下降明显,术后β-HCG平均恢复正常时间为(22±3.86)天,术后平均月经恢复时间为(52±6.53)天.结论 低流量低剂量MTX动脉灌注栓塞术在终止CSP应用中,能明显减少MTX用量,血β-HCG值下降明显,恢复正常值时间缩短,减少清宫术中组织损伤及术中出血,月经恢复时间缩短,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法.     

子宫切口瘢痕部妊娠6例临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨子宫下段剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕部妊娠的临床表现、诊断和治疗。方法对6例剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕妊娠患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 6例中4例经甲氨喋呤和米非司酮杀胚后清宫治愈,2例药物治疗失败后,其中1例双侧子宫动脉栓塞术联合化疗;1例经双侧子宫动脉栓塞术联合化疗血β-HCG下降不满意行经腹子宫切口妊娠病灶切除术。结论充分认识剖宫产术后子宫切口瘢痕部妊娠的临床特征,早期明确诊断,及时药物治疗、适时清宫,可选择子宫动脉栓塞术,辅以合适的手术治疗措施,切忌盲目刮宫。     

子宫动脉栓塞联合孕囊注射甲氨蝶呤序贯清宫术治疗瘢痕妊娠

【摘要】　目的?探讨子宫动脉栓塞（UAE）联合超声引导孕囊内注射甲氨蝶呤（MTX）在瘢痕妊娠（CSP）清宫术术前应用的有效性和安全性。方法?收治住院的确诊为瘢痕妊娠的患者38例,其中接受超声引导下于孕囊内MTX注射联合UAE清宫术者16例为观察组,UAE并行MTX全身化疗清宫术者为22例为对照组。对比两组患者清宫术出血情况、住院时间、住院期间β-HCG变化情况、MTX使用剂量、β-HCG恢复时间、阴道流血时间、月经恢复时间及并发症情况。结果?两组患者在剖宫产β-HCG恢复时间、术中出血量及月经恢复时间差异均无统计学意义。观察组患者在住院期间β-HCG下降速度和程度较对照组快,观察组患者局部MTX使用剂量低于对照组。对照组中2例（2/22,9.1%）在清宫术中发生大出血,1例经输血、水囊压迫治疗后好转,1例清宫术中大出血中转子宫切除。结论?UAE联合孕囊注射MTX可以有效降低瘢痕妊娠大出血发生率。超声引导下局部孕囊内MTX注射对快速下降β-HCG水平有一定优势,尤适用于高β-HCG水平患者。     

经子宫动脉灌注和栓塞治疗输卵管妊娠

目的探讨经子宫动脉插管灌注和栓塞治疗输卵管妊娠的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法采用改良Seldinger技术,对42例输卵管妊娠患者行超选择性子宫动脉插管造影,根据造影表现类型不同,灌注甲氨蝶呤(MTX)50～100mg,灌注后用明胶海绵颗粒栓塞子宫动脉。术前和术后观察临床症状、测血β-hCG值和测量妊娠囊大小的变化,分别于术后0.5、6、12、24、36和48h测外周血MTX浓度。结果42例中38例获得成功,4例失败改行手术或腹腔镜治疗。治愈率为90.5%(38/42)。术后血β-hCG水平下降至正常平均所需时间(8.3±2.0)d,MTX用量为50mg、75mg后36h测不出血药浓度,用量为100mg的48h后血药浓度均值为0.01μmol/L。无不良反应。结论经子宫动脉灌注和栓塞治疗输卵管妊娠方法简便、安全、有效,无明显并发症,有望为输卵管妊娠特别是合并少量出血或预防高危大出血的首选疗法。     

子宫动脉药物灌注动脉栓塞刮宫术联合治疗颈妊娠的应用研究

目的 评价经子宫动脉化疗灌注，动脉栓塞，刮宫术联合应用治疗宫颈妊娠的疗效。方法 9例宫颈妊娠患者中7例行超选择性子宫动脉插管并通过灌注甲氨蝶呤（MTX）、运用自制明胶海绵颗粒栓塞后联合刮宫术进行治疗，另2例因发生大出血仅行子宫动脉栓塞和刮宫术，所有患者术后均观察β-HCG值变化。结果 9例患者中7例子宫动脉灌注、栓塞治疗均成功，2例大出血患者经栓塞后出血即停止，所有患者术后顺利行刮宫术，出血量仅为5mL-10mL，一周后β-HCG下降，均无与操作有关的严重并发症发生。结论子宫动脉药物灌注，动脉栓塞，刮宫术联合治疗宫颈妊娠是一种安全、简便、有效的方法，这项技术必将得到广泛的应用。     

瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的介入治疗

目的：探讨经导管双侧子宫动脉栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的临床价值。方法：采用介入结合清宫的方法治疗7例瘢痕妊娠患者,用5F cobra导管导管经股动脉超选择插管至双侧子宫动脉灌注MTX（甲氨蝶呤）100 mg,然后用明胶海绵屑栓塞双侧子宫动脉,于3～5 d行清宫术。结果：7例患者均一次手术成功,术中未见出血,随访2～6个月无异常。结论：采用介入栓塞后清宫治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血安全有效,方法简单,不良反应小成功率极高,可有效预防和控制子宫破裂出血,是治疗瘢痕妊娠导致大出血的优选方法之一。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.