左髂静脉受压综合征并发下肢深静脉血栓形成的综合介入治疗

目的 探讨介入治疗髂髂静脉受压综合征并发左下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床价值.方法 对28例左髂静脉受压综合征并发左下肢深静脉血栓形成患者采用经颈静脉插管溶栓、左髂静脉球囊扩张及支架治疗,部分血栓已蔓延至下腔静脉的患者在溶栓前行下腔静脉滤器置入.结果 28例患者均在术前彩色多普勒超声检查及术中造影检查明确诊断;5例行可回收性下腔静脉滤器置入,所有患者均经颈静脉置入溶栓导管于髂股静脉进行溶栓治疗,髂股静脉血栓溶解率100%,溶栓后均予以球囊扩张左髂总静脉,其中6例置入髂静脉支架.术后肢体肿胀症状明显减轻或消失,随访3～12个月临床效果满意.结论 采用滤器置入、经颈静脉溶栓、髂静脉球囊扩张及支架治疗左髂静脉受压综合征并发左下肢深静脉血栓形成是一种安全、微创、有效的治疗手段,具有较好的效果,值得临床推广.     

滤器置入联合手术取栓治疗产后下肢DVT的临床分析

目的 总结产后急性期单侧下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)腔静脉滤器联合手术取栓治疗的疗效及应用.方法 回顾性分析59例产后单侧下肢急性期DVT行腔静脉滤器联合手术取栓治疗的患者临床资料.结果 56例成功行腔静脉滤器置入及手术切开取栓,3例因髂静脉近端血栓闭塞严重无法开通,股静脉切口远端成功行手术取栓,术后拔除腔静脉滤器.本组有效率为100%,治愈率为88.1%,无死亡及新发肺动脉栓塞病例.随访3~36个月,1例髂静脉狭窄病例于球囊扩张3个月后复发,再次手术置入髂静脉支架后患肢肿胀明显减轻.结论 腔静脉滤器置入联合手术取栓治疗急性期产后单侧下肢DVT安全可行、疗效确切.     

恶性肿瘤引起髂股静脉重度狭窄继发下肢深静脉血栓形成的介入治疗

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤引起的髂股静脉受压重度狭窄继发下肢深静脉血栓形成的介入治疗的安全性及有效性.方法 回顾性分析因恶性肿瘤引起髂股静脉重度狭窄继发下肢深静脉血栓形成的患者临床资料.采用球囊辅助碎栓、血栓抽吸、经导管溶栓、支架植入等介入治疗.统计并分析患肢消肿率,患肢血栓清除率;术后第1、3、6、12个月进行门诊随访,行下...     

下肢深静脉血栓综合性介入治疗

目的 回顾性分析下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)综合性介入治疗的方法及疗效,并就相关临床资料和并发症进行总结.方法 收集2000年8月-2010年8月DVT患者196例,先经健侧股静脉穿刺置管行髂股静脉造影明确血栓部位与程度.196例中,放置下腔静脉滤器185例,髂静脉支架21例,采用经导管溶栓、扩张球囊破栓.若球囊对狭窄部扩...     

急性全下肢深静脉血栓形成多种介入技术联合治疗

目的探讨急性全下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)多种介入技术联合治疗的临床价值及效果。方法本组291例全下肢DVT患者。髋上髂、股静脉段血栓清除,局麻下逆行穿刺患侧股静脉,导丝引导下插入12～14 F鞘管直接机械性血栓抽吸;髋下股、腘静脉段血栓清除,采用多种介入技术联合处理,即经健侧股静脉顺行穿刺插入4～5 F Cobra导管,导管辅助下亲水超滑导丝插至患侧髂、股静脉内,采用穿线或导丝抓捕技术,将导丝经患侧股静脉穿出体外,建立工作导丝通路,再沿工作导丝由健侧置入翻山鞘管至患侧髂、股静脉内,加长亲水超滑导丝在翻山鞘管支撑下轻柔的越过瓣膜插至患侧股、腘静脉内,DSA监视下Fogarty拉栓球囊沿导丝顺应静脉瓣膜方向将血栓拉至患侧髂静脉内,再经患侧股静脉进行机械性抽吸血栓。对存在的髂静脉狭窄或闭塞,行PTA或支架植入治疗;腘静脉以下血栓行溶栓治疗。结果手术成功率100%,术后1～3 d患肢肿胀、疼痛均开始消退或减轻。血栓完全清除率86.3%;出院时健、患肢膝上、下15 cm处周径差分别为(1.64±0.43)和(0.97±0.42)cm,176例合并髂总静脉狭窄或闭塞行PTA和支架植入治疗。279例随访3～12个月,水肿、色素沉着、溃疡等后遗症发生率分别为8.24%、3.94%、0;彩色多普勒超声复查静脉通畅无附壁血栓89.3%;临床总有效率98.2%。结论多种介入技术联合治疗急性全下肢DVT,血栓完全清除率高,最大程度保护静脉瓣功能,住院周期短,是安全有效的方法。     

介入综合治疗Cockett综合征伴急性左下肢深静脉血栓形成

【摘要】 目的 探讨介入综合治疗Cockett综合征伴急性左下肢深静脉血栓形成（DVT）的安全性和临床效果。 方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年1月遵义医科大学附属医院收治的70例Cockett综合征伴左下肢DVT患者临床资料。所有患者均接受临时性下腔静脉滤器置入及导管接触溶栓（CDT）、手动抽吸血栓清除（MAT）、球囊扩张术,部分患者接受支架植入。观察记录术中失血量、血栓清除率、住院时间、手术相关并发症、患肢周径差及髂静脉远期通畅率。 结果 70例患者均成功置入滤器并回收。单纯球囊扩张重建髂静脉48例,球囊扩张联合髂静脉支架植入22例。所有患者血栓清除均获临床成功（血栓清除达Ⅱ级以上）。术中平均失血量（165.2±9.5） mL,平均住院时间（8.4±1.4） d。术后出现血尿1例,穿刺处血肿3例,无症状性肺栓塞和死亡患者。术后患肢周径差与术前相比显著减小［（4.21±2.45） cm对（8.11±2.02） cm,P＜0.05］。所有患者均获随访,平均13（6～36）个月,单纯球囊扩张组、球囊扩张联合支架植入组分别发生血栓形成后综合征（PTS） 8例（16.7%）、1例（4.5%）（P=0.153）,闭塞/狭窄3例（6.3%）、1例（4.5%）（P=0.627）,两组间差异均无统计学意义,无死亡患者。结论 介入综合治疗Cockett综合征伴急性左下肢DVT患者微创安全,疗效满意,可推广应用。     

血栓消融器(ATD)在下肢深静脉血栓形成治疗中的应用

目的　评价血栓消融器 (ATD)在下肢深静脉血栓形成 (LEDVT)的介入治疗中的应用价值。方法　LEDVT患者 17例 ,病变在左侧髂股静脉 8例 ,右侧髂股静脉 7例 ,双侧髂股静脉 2例。经健侧股静脉 (或右颈内静脉 )穿刺先置入下腔静脉滤器 ,然后经患侧股静脉或静脉穿刺插管 ,行血栓消融术 ,并结合血管内溶栓治疗。结果　本组 17例患者 ,技术成功率为 10 0 % ( 17/17)。临床疗效 :痊愈 3例、显效 11例、有效 3例 ,总有效率为 10 0 % ( 17/17)。无严重并发症发生。术后表现为髂 -股静脉通畅 ,肿胀消退。随访无复发。结论　采用ATD行血栓消融术并配合综合溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓是简单实用、安全有效的介入治疗方法     

腔内介入治疗Cockett综合征伴左下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨Cockett综合征伴左下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)腔内介入治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2011年1月至2015年1月收治的256例Cockett综合征伴左下肢DVT患者,采用经导管接触溶栓、球囊扩张闭塞/狭窄段或支架植入术治疗,比较治疗前后患肢周径差、远期通畅率.结果 256例Cockett综合征伴左下肢DVT患者中232例(90.6％)血栓完全溶解.24例(9.4％)部分溶解,治疗前后患肢大腿与小腿周径差分别为(7.12±2.15) cm、(4.57±2.81) cm.206例髂静脉重建患者中单纯球囊扩张46例,球囊扩张联合髂静脉支架植入160例;平均随访15个月(9～24个月),单纯球囊扩张患者失访3例,出现髂静脉闭塞26例(60.5％),血栓后综合征(PTS)21例(48.8％),球囊扩张联合支架植入患者失访11例,支架狭窄/闭塞13例(8.7％),PTS 15例(10.1％),两组闭塞/狭窄、PTS差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 导管接触溶栓、球囊扩张联合支架植入治疗Cockett综合征,具有确切的临床疗效.     

同期血栓机械清除联合髂静脉支架植入治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成12例北大核心CSCD

目的评价经皮机械血栓清除术(PMT)联合髂静脉支架植入一期治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的可行性、安全性及有效性。方法 2014年12月至2016年1月收治12例急性下肢DVT伴左侧髂静脉受压综合征(IVCS)患者,男3例,女9例,平均年龄(50.42±16.21)岁;均有左下肢肿胀、疼痛症状,其中中央型3例,混合型9例。所有患者术前均置入下腔静脉滤器,术后取出。Angio Jet血栓清除导管PMT术、球囊扩张和髂静脉支架植入均在同期完成,复查造影有残余血栓时保留鞘管,给予溶栓治疗。术后1、3、6、12个月门诊随访,彩色超声和(或)下肢静脉造影复查了解深静脉及支架内血流通畅情况。结果 12例患者均同期完成手术,技术成功率100%。手术时间60~110 min,平均(96.25±14.32)min;血栓抽吸时间51~280 s,平均(199.92±74.89)s。血栓清除率Ⅲ级10例,Ⅱ级2例,临床症状均得到缓解。除部分患者在左髂总静脉球囊扩张中有不同程度疼痛外,无肺栓塞、严重出血等并发症发生。平均随访(5.58±2.75)个月,11例彩色超声和(或)下肢静脉造影提示深静脉及髂静脉支架内血流通畅,1例脑星形细胞瘤手术患者复发。结论同期PMT联合髂静脉支架植入治疗急性下肢DVT方法安全可行,初步临床疗效满意。     

下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的意义

目的评价置入下腔静脉滤器预防下肢深静脉血栓脱落引起肺栓塞的价值及实行导管溶栓的方法.方法34例下肢深静脉血栓患者分别经右侧股静脉(26例)或右颈静脉(8例)置入波士顿公司的Greenfield滤器或巴德公司Simon's滤器.下腔静脉滤器置人后,将溶栓导管经右股静脉插人到左髂总静脉,经右颈内静脉插入到左髂总静脉进行溶栓.药物尿激酶100～150万u.结果下腔静脉滤器置入全部成功.溶栓经右侧股静脉26例,成功12例,成功率为47%;经颈静脉8例均成功.结论置人下腔静脉滤器防肺栓塞是操作简单、安全有效的方法.经颈静脉溶栓,成功率高,效果好,值得推广.     

MSCT静脉成像和超声诊断下肢静脉血栓的对比研究

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT静脉成像(MSCTV)和超声(US)对下肢静脉血栓形成的诊断价值。方法:将42例可疑下肢静脉血栓形成患者分别进行MSCT下肢静脉成像和US检查,并把检查结果进行对比分析。结果:42例患者中,MSCTV共发现栓子93处,US发现88处。下肢MSCTV和US对下肢静脉血栓的诊断结果无明显统计学差异(P>0.05),但本组中2例髂静脉、1例下腔静脉内栓子US均漏诊。结论:MSCTV和US对下肢静脉血栓形成均具有重要诊断价值,MSCTV对髂静脉、盆腔内深静脉血栓形成的诊断价值更大。     

Tumoral thrombosis of inferior vena cava and iliac veins resulting in unilateral lower limb edema in a young adult: A rare presentation of skeletal Ewing's sarcoma

Association of venous thromboembolic events (TEs) with malignancy is well known. Ewing's sarcoma usually presents as swelling at the primary site, however presenting as unilateral lower limb edema due to tumoral thrombosis of right iliac vein and IVC is a rare event. A 30-year-old male patient with extensive right lower limb swelling was admitted and imaging studies (plain film, ultrasonography, Doppler, computed tomography) revealed a mass arising from right iliac bone, adjoining sacrum and tumoral thrombosis of right iliac veins extending into inferior vena cava. Histopathological diagnosis was Ewing's sarcoma. Patient was treated successfully with chemotherapy and surgical embolectomy. So a young patient presenting with deep vein thrombosis should be investigated not only to establish any thrombophilic pre-disposition, but also let the clinician to suspect for any local malignancy. Treatment depends upon the proximal extent of tumoral thrombus. With advances in imaging and chemotherapeutic regimens early diagnosis is possible and appropriate treatment planning improves the prognosis. To our knowledge skeletal Ewing's sarcoma with bland thrombosis is a known entity however no such case with direct invasion of tumor into veins leading to tumoral venous thrombosis has been reported in medical literature.     

Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava revealed on CT in patients with deep vein thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: We describe a possible relationship between inferior vena cava anomalies and extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and the iliac and femoral veins. CONCLUSION: An anomaly of the inferior vena cava should be considered in young patients who present with deep vein thrombosis of the femoral and iliac veins. Coagulation abnormalities, frequently found in these patients, may be a contributory factor.     

经皮导管抽吸去栓术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的：探讨经皮导管抽吸去栓术在急性下肢深静脉血栓形成（deep venous thrombosis,DVT）综合介入治疗术中的临床应用价值。方法：34例左侧急性下肢DVT,均经右侧股静脉穿刺置入下腔静脉滤器,随后经左侧股静脉或胭静脉穿刺插管,行导管抽吸去栓,最后对左侧髂总静脉进行球囊血管成形术。结果：31例血栓一次性清除,3例部分清除;所有病例均存在左髂静脉受压综合征;左下肢水肿完全消退30例,部分消退4例;未出现肺栓塞或其它并发症,随访6～52个月,临床治愈者元复发。结论：经皮导管抽吸去栓术治疗急性下肢DVT是一种快捷、有效的方法,值得临床推广。     

Compression of the Inferior Vena Cava by the Right Iliac Artery: A Rare Variant of May–Thurner Syndrome

May–Thurner syndrome is known as compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery. We describe a case of an atypical compression of the inferior vena cava by the right common iliac artery secondary to a high aortic bifurcation. Despite an extensive collateral network, there was a significant venous gradient between the iliac veins and the inferior vena cava above the compression. After stenting the venous pressure gradient disappeared. Follow-up 4 months later revealed a good clinical response with a patent stent.     

Deep venous thrombosis: comparison of indirect multidetector CT venography and sonography of lower extremities in 26 patients

OBJECTIVE: To compare the accuracy of indirect mutidetector row computed tomographic (MDCT) venography with lower extremity venous sonography for the diagnosis of femoropopliteal deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and to determine the frequency and location of DVT at MDCT venography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six consecutive patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism (PE) underwent both combined MDCT venography and MDCT pulmonary angiography and lower extremity venous sonography. Indirect MDCT venography was acquired from the upper calves to the mid-abdomen following MDCT pulmonary angiography. The CT venographic findings were compared with those of sonography for the diagnosis of femoropopliteal DVT. All CT scans were also reviewed for the frequency and location of DVT. RESULTS: Indirect MDCT venography disclosed DVT in 19 patients, and 12 of whom also had PE. Seventeen patients with thrombosis in the femoropopliteal veins were identified in both indirect MDCT venography and sonography. The sensitivity and specificity of indirect MDCT venography for femoropopliteal DVT, as compared with sonography, were both 100%. In one patient DVT in the superficial femoral vein was detected using only indirect MDCT venography. MDCT venography also showed superior extension of femoropopliteal DVT to the inferior vena cava and iliac veins in four patients and thrombosis isolated to the inferior vena cava and common iliac vein thrombosis in one patient. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect MDCT venography is as accurate as sonography in the diagnosis of femoropopliteal DVT. MDCT venography can further reveal thrombus in large pelvis veins and the inferior vena cava, an important advantage over sonographic screening for DVT.     

Reconstruction of an inferior vena cava stent occlusion using double-barrel stenting in a patient with Behçet's disease

Symptomatic inferior vena cava (IVC) and iliac vein thrombosis is increasingly being treated with thrombolysis, thrombus retrieval and deep venous stenting. If the IVC stent occludes, endovenous intervention is indicated to restore patency. An 18-year-old male with Behçet''s disease presented with deep vein thrombosis (extending from the IVC to the popliteal segments bilaterally) which was initially treated with thrombolysis and stenting. Fifteen months later, the patient experienced symptomatic deterioration; a chronically-occluded IVC stent was identified and reconstructed using a double-barrel stenting technique. Patient compliance to post-stenting anticoagulation therapy is paramount to maintain stent patency. A multi-disciplinary approach including haematologists can be beneficial for patients with a background of thrombophilic disorders.     

Varices of inferior epigastric veins caused by chronic inferior vena cava obstruction: Mimicking normal venous flow pattern on radionuclide venography

A 21-year-old patient with long-standing inferior vena cava obstruction secondary to idiopathic thrombosis extending from the external iliac veins underwent a radionuclide venography with Tc-99m pertechnetate labeled erythrocytes. The blood pool phase of the study revealed bilaterally distorted inferior epigastric veins mimicking normal venous flow pattern. The authors present this case to discuss the possible alternative routes and the underlying physiopathologic mechanism of this unusual flow pattern in chronic inferior vena cava obstruction.     

冠状动脉支架术后患者下肢骨折围术期抗栓治疗观察

目的探讨冠状动脉支架置入术后患者行下肢骨折手术围术期抗栓治疗的安全性及有效性。方法选取已行冠状动脉药物洗脱支架(DES)置入术后1年内,限期行下肢骨折手术的患者37例,根据患者支架内血栓形成风险、围术期出血风险及兼顾考虑下肢深静脉血栓形成风险,围术期采取阿司匹林联合低分子肝素钙的抗栓策略。结果 37例患者围术期无支架内血栓形成,无严重大出血发生,所有患者术后超声未见下肢深静脉血栓形成。结论冠状动脉药物洗脱支架置入术后1年内患者行下肢骨折手术,围术期采用阿司匹林联合低分子肝素钙抗栓治疗安全有效。     

Endovascular Iliocaval Reconstruction for Chronic Iliocaval Thrombosis: The Data,Where We Are,and How It is Done

Iliocaval thrombosis, or thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins, is associated with significant morbidity in the form of limb-threatening compromise from phlegmasia cerulean dolens, development of post-thrombotic syndrome, and death secondary to pulmonary embolism. Endovascular iliocaval reconstruction is an effective treatment for iliocaval thrombosis with high levels of technical success, favorable clinical outcomes and stent patency rates, and few complications. It is often able to relieve the debilitating symptoms experienced by affected patients and is a viable option for patients who fail conservative management. This article presents an approach to endovascular iliocaval stent reconstruction in patients suffering from chronic iliocaval thrombosis that takes into consideration background, patient selection and indications, timing of intervention, procedural steps, technical considerations, postprocedural care, and outcomes, along with providing schematic illustrations that serve to outline iliocaval stent reconstruction and management of chronic venous occlusions.