莳养花卉防中毒

夜来香此花在夜里停止光合作用，排出大量强烈刺激嗅觉的废气，对人体健康极为不利。长期将其摆放在客厅或卧室内，会使人出现头昏、咳嗽，甚至气喘、失眠等症。此外，高血压和心脏病患者还会因闻到这些废气而感到烦躁不安。郁金香花中含有毒碱。人在这种花丛中呆上两个小时，就会出现中毒症状。接触的时间越长，中毒越深，严重者可造成毛发脱落。杜鹃花红色杜鹃花如火焰般绚丽，但黄色杜鹃和白色杜鹃就不同了。黄色杜鹃的植株和花内均含有毒素，人误食后会中毒；白色杜鹃的花中含有四环二萜类毒素，人中毒后会出现呕吐、呼吸困难、四肢麻木…     

T─2毒素和低硒饲料对雏鸡关节软骨基质代谢损伤的病理观察

用Ｔ－２毒素和低硒饲料喂养雏鸡，经组织化学方法观察软骨胶原和蛋白多糖含量的变化，结果发现，与对照组相比，低硒饲料组、Ｔ－２毒素组、Ｔ－２毒素加低硒组Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和硫酸软骨素、硫酸角质素含量均减少，Ⅰ型胶原含量增加，以Ｔ－２毒素加低硒组变化最为显著，低碱饲料组变化最小，而Ｔ－２毒素补硒组各项指标均接近正常。提示低硒和Ｔ－２毒素对软骨基质均有毒性作用，低硒能增强Ｔ－２毒素；硒；胶原蛋白；软骨素；硫酸角质素     

相思子毒素的分析检测技术及毒性机制与解毒对抗措施研究进展

相思子毒素是目前已知毒性最强的植物毒素蛋白,受到国际《禁止化学武器公约》和《禁止生物及毒素武器公约》共同关注,亟须有效的检测和解毒对抗措施,以应对其对于人类健康和公共安全的潜在威胁。该文在文献聚类研判的基础上,结合对相思子毒素的多种亚型结构的认识,对其分析检测技术、毒性机制、解毒对抗措施进行了全面综述,最后阐述了该领域的难点及发展趋势。目前主要的相思子毒素分析检测技术包括亲和分析、理化分析以及活性检测技术三大类,亟须发展灵敏特异准确的结构与活性测定技术方法,以准确厘清毒素威胁。目前尚无有效解毒剂,治疗仅为对症治疗。研发中和抗体仍然是对抗其中毒最有潜力的手段。     

低能量氦－氖激光血管内照射循环血液治疗脑梗塞临床研究

应用低能量氦－氖激光血管内照射循环血液（ＩｎｔｒａｖａｓｃｕｌａｒＬａｓｅｒＩｒｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＢｌｏｏｄ，ＩＬＩＢ）治疗３４例脑梗塞病人，并与３０例非ＩＬＩＢ治疗的脑梗塞病人作对照。结果有效率达９７％，明显高于对照组，ＩＬＩＢ治疗后能降低血粘度，其中红细胞压积和纤维蛋白原水平明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）；能够对抗氧自由基，３种超氧化物歧化酶（ＳｕｐｅｒｏｘｉｄｅＤｉｓｍｕｔａｓｅ，ＳＯＤ）：含铁超氧化物歧化酶（Ｆｅｒｒｕｍ－ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇＳＯＤ，ＦｅＳＯＤ）、含锰超氧化物歧化酶（Ｍａｎｇｏｍｅｓｅ－ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇＳＯＤ，ＭｎＳＯＤ）、含铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（Ｃｏｐｐｅｒ－ａｎｄＺｉｎｃ－ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇＳＯＤ，ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）水平均较治疗前明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中ＦｅＳＯＤ及ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；还能降低具有神经毒性的血浆中分子物质（ＭｉｄｄｌｅＭｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒＳｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅｓ，ＭＭＳ）水平（Ｐ＜０．０１），且低于对照组。表明ＩＬＩＢ对防治脑梗塞有较好的临床使用价值。     

严重烧伤大鼠脑组织NO的变化

为探讨严重烧伤大鼠脑组织ＮＯ的变化，实验制作大鼠３５％ＴＢＳＡⅢ度烧伤模型，于伤后２、６、１２、２４ｈ测定了大鼠脑水含量、脑组织ＮＯ代谢产物ＮＯ２＾－／ＮＯ３＾－和环－磷醋鸟苷（ｃＧＭＰ）浓度，进行了脑形态学观察。结果显示：烧伤后脑水含量升高、脑组织ＮＯ２＾－／ＮＯ３＾－和ｃＧＭＰ浓度高于对照组；伊文思蓝蓝染范围广、染色深；脑内ＡＴＰ酶减少；电镜观察血管内皮细胞、神经细胞及胞浆内线粒体肿胀，胞饮泡     

一氧化氮损伤内皮细胞的机制研究

体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣ），主要研究：①内毒素损伤内皮细胞过程中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）的作用；②不同浓度ＮＯ供体ＳＩＮ－１对内皮细胞的作用以及ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ对内皮细胞的保护作用。结果提示：ＮＯ在内毒素损伤内皮细胞过程中发挥重要作用；高浓度ＳＩＮ－１可严重损伤内皮细胞；ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ对内皮细胞的不同保护作用说明ＯＮＯＯ＾－的产生可能是ＮＯ损伤内皮细胞的重要机制。     

生物毒素战剂：检测识别分子与防治药物

自然界中存在着种类繁多的毒素物质,但最有可能用作战剂的是那些获取方便、制备容易、毒性强、施放后可致人死亡或失能的毒素。毒素战剂既不同于传统的细菌、病毒战剂,也不同于化学毒剂,其最大的威胁来自它的高毒性及缺乏有效的治疗手段。因此,发展毒素战剂的检测识别分子与防治药物就显得尤为重要。本文讨论了生物毒素战剂相关概念、特征,重点综述了毒素战剂的检测识别分子与防治药物研究进展。     

生物毒素研究进展

生物毒素是由特定的微生物、植物、动物等产生的具有毒性的分子构成。由于毒素来源广泛且毒性极强,越来越多的蛋白质和非蛋白质毒素的可用性被研究,其中一部分被用于军事目的并开发为生物毒素战剂。该文论述了生物毒素的分类及作用机制,并对其防治策略及治疗应用进展进行了综述。     

大鼠重型脑伤后一氧化氮/诱生型一氧化氮合酶神经细胞毒性的作用机制

目的 探讨大鼠创伤性脑损伤后一氧化氮／诱生型一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯ／ｉＮＯＳ）神经细胞毒性作用机制。方法 将雄性ＳＤ大鼠１５０只随机分为假手术组、重离伤对照组、左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）治疗组、伤后６ｈ ｉＮＯＳ抑制剂氨基胍（ＡＧ）治疗组、伤后１２ｈ ＡＧ治疗组。采有向位素标记法和免疫组化双酶双标技术,研究大鼠重型脑伤后ｉＮＯＳ活性变化及其细胞定位,观察ｉＮＯＳ抑制剂氨基胍（ＡＧ）及其作用底物Ｌ－Ａｒｇ     

T—2毒素和低硒饲料对雏鸡关节软骨基质代谢损伤的病理观察

用Ｔ－２毒素和低硒饲料喂养雏鸡，经组织化学方法观察软骨胶原和蛋白多糖含量的变化，结果发现，与对照组相比，低硒饲料组、Ｔ－２毒素组、Ｔ－２毒素加低硒组Ⅱ型胶原蛋白和硫酸软骨素、硫酸角质素含量均减少，Ⅰ型胶原含量增加，以Ｔ－２毒素加低硒组变化最为显著，低硒饲料组变化最小，而Ｔ－２毒素补硒组各项指标均接近正常。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.