超重/肥胖对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗心肌灌注的影响

目的采用心电图ST段回落指数(ST-segment elevation resolution,STR)和冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级(myocardial blush grade,MBG)评价超重/肥胖对急性心肌梗死(AMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌灌注以及患者预后的影响。方法120例AMI并行急诊PCI治疗的超重/肥胖和体重正常患者,分析心电图ST段回落指数和MBG,并进行临床随诊。结果超重组、肥胖组和体重正常组PCI术后TIMI血流3级的患者比较差异无统计学意义。但超重组、肥胖组心肌微循环灌注不良多于体重正常组(MBG0/1级三组分别为44.6%、64.3%和30.6%,MBG2/3级三组分别为55.4%、35.7%和69.4%,P=0.027),超重组、肥胖组ST段回落不全也多于体重正常组(STR<50%三组分别为39.3%、57.1%和22.2%,STR≥50%三组分别为60.7%、42.9%和77.8%,P=0.017)。但超重组、肥胖组和体重正常组患者联合终点事件的发生率在随访期间差异无统计学意义(三组分别为16.1%、17.8%和16.7%,P=0.978)。COX比例风险回归分析显示体重对患者的预后无明显的预测价值[RR2.46(95%可信区间0.64~6.57),P=0.128]。结论在成功接受急诊介入治疗后,超重或肥胖患者更容易出现心肌微循环的障碍,但随诊期间患者的联合终点事件发生率差异并无明显统计学意义。     

急性心肌梗死介入治疗后ST段回落不良的多元Logistic回归分析

目的分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(AMI)病人冠脉介入治疗后ST段回落不良相关因素,为AMI危险分层及预后提供依据。方法选择我院行急诊经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)病人92例为研究对象,根据病人PCI术后即刻ST段回落情况分为回落完全组(ST段回落≥50%)和回落不全组。分析比较两组病人的临床病理特征,采用Logistic回归方法分析ST段回落不良的独立危险因素。结果 21例(22.8%)AMI病人PCI术后即可ST段回落不良,单因素分析显示ST段回落不良与病人年龄(≥70岁)、左前降支病变、血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(GPⅡb/Ⅲa)拮抗剂应用和总缺血时间有关(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥70岁(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.2~11.6,P0.05)、未应用GPⅡb/Ⅲa拮抗剂(OR=2.9,95%CI:1.4~9.6,P0.05)和总缺血时间较长(OR=1.7,95%CI:1.2~3.9,P0.05)是AMI冠脉介入治疗后ST段回落不良独立危险因素。结论 PCI术前未应用GPⅡb/Ⅲa拮抗剂且存在缺血时间较长的高龄病人是ST段回落不良的高危人群。     

ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者溶栓前后单导联ST段回落的预测因素、预测价值及其与校正的Tp-e、QT间期变化的相关性

目的:早期识别主要心血管不良事件(MACE)高危患者,积极干预,探索影响ST段回落的因素。方法:收集成功溶栓的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者58例,分别测算溶栓前、溶栓后2h梗死相关导联校正的QT间期(QTc)、单导联ST段回落(STR)、校正的T波顶点到T波终点的时间(Tp-ec)、Tp-e/QT比值等指标的变化,随访6个月内发生MACE情况。以STR50%为切点,分为STR50%组与STR50%组,分析溶栓前后QTc、Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT变化的数值和不同变化幅值例数与STR程度的关系。χ2检验分析STR与Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT变化在不同切点对6个月MACE发生的差异。结果:STR≥50%组MACE发生率明显低于STR50%组(P0.05)。ΔTp-e/QT≥0.04组MACE发生率明显低于0.04组(P0.05);而ΔTp-ec以25ms为切点两组间差异无统计学意义。溶栓前后QTc变化(ΔQTc)数值在STR≥50%和STR50%组差异无统计学意义。不同变化幅值例数比较:ΔTp-ec≥25ms组STR≥50%比例明显大于ΔTp-ec25ms组,ΔTp-e/QT≥0.04组STR≥50%比例明显大于ΔTp-e/QT0.04组(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示ST段回落不良的预测因素有前壁心肌梗死、入院Killip分级2级以上、入院白细胞计数、胸痛至溶栓时间。结论:溶栓后2hSTR可预测住院期间、6个月MACE的发生;急性STEMI患者Tp-ec、Tp-e/QT的变化与溶栓前后STR相关,有望成为替代STR预测预后的临床简易指标;前壁心肌梗死、入院Killip分级2级以上、入院白细胞计数、胸痛至溶栓时间可影响STR。     

冠状动脉内逆向精确溶栓术在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中应用的研究

目的:通过与血栓抽吸术对比,探讨冠状动脉内逆向精确溶栓术在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术中应用的安全性和有效性。方法:连续入选2014-01至2015-12在解放军总医院心脏介入中心确诊急性STEMI并行直接PCI术的患者123例,随机分为冠状动脉内逆向精确溶栓术组(逆向溶栓组,n=60)和血栓抽吸术组(血栓抽吸组,n=63),其中血栓抽吸组有3例患者因未能完成血栓抽吸术而被剔除出组。主要终点为直接PCI术后无复流的发生率及术后60~90 min内心电图ST段回落≥50%的比例;主要安全终点为住院期间脑卒中和心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)出血发生率。结果:(1)逆向溶栓组术后无复流发生率显著低于血栓抽吸组(1.7%vs 15.0%,P=0.008),术后心电图ST段回落≥50%的比例及超声测得的左心室射血分数显著高于血栓抽吸组[65.0%vs 45.0%,P=0.028;(50.7±8.6)%vs(46.7±8.3)%,P=0.011],差异均具有统计学意义。两组患者住院期间主要不良心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)两组患者住院期间均未发生脑卒中及TIMI出血事件。结论 :同血栓抽吸术相比,冠状动脉内逆向精确溶栓术在急性STEMI患者行直接PCI术中应用具有相似的安全性,但可减少无复流的发生并能改善左心室心功能。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人介入治疗与溶栓治疗的心电图对比分析

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的病人采用急诊介入治疗（PCI）与溶栓治疗的不同效果。方法 选择PCI发病时间12h内的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死病人80例，随机分为溶栓组与急诊介入组（PCI组），每组40例，PCI组采用急诊介入治疗，溶栓组采用溶栓治疗。观察术前与术后即刻心电图ST段变化。观察治疗前与治疗后2h内的心电图ST段变化。结果 PCI组ST段回落≥50％为92．5％，溶栓组ST段回落≥50％为70．0％，PCI组疗效明显优于溶栓组（P〈0、05）。结论 在有条件的情况下，对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的病人可以首先考虑介入治疗。     

急性心肌梗死再灌注后心电图ST段回落不良的临床意义及远期预后影响

目的:探讨急性心肌梗死(AMI)再灌注后心电图ST段回落不良的临床意义及其对远期预后的影响.方法:156例AMI患者分别计算PCI术前及术后2 hST段抬高相关导联的总和(ΣSTE),以后者ST段总和(ΣSTE)与前者相比,下降≥50％为ST段迅速回落(ST段迅速回落组)(n=124),下降＜50％者为ST段回落不良(ST段回落不良组)(n=32).同时观察患者术前、术后7d脑钠肽的变化,以及1年后心室重构的发生率.结果:ST段回落不良组患者脑钠肽明显增高且呈正相关,1年后心室重构的发生率明显增高.结论:AMI再灌注后心电图ST段回落不良患者血浆BNP明显增高,与心室重构密切相关,是AMI后心力衰竭发生的重要因素.     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后ST段回落不良的相关因素分析

目的探讨行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的ST段回落不良的相关因素。方法连续观察首都医科大学宣武医院2009年1月至2010年8月行急诊PCI,且术后TIMI血流3级的STEMI患者127例,以ST段回落是否≥50%,分为ST段完全回落组和ST段回落不良组,分析其临床特点,并探讨ST段回落不良的临床影响因素。结果两组基线资料比较,ST段回落不良组入院心率大于ST段完全回落组(80.3±11.9比73.3±17.5,P=0.023);其他基线资料两组间差异无统计学意义(均为P0.05)。多因素分析显示,症状发作到冠状动脉开通时间(OR:0.998,95%CI:0.996~0.999,P=0.014)、左冠状动脉闭塞(OR:0.341,95%CI:0.122~0.951,P=0.040)是STEMI患者心电图ST段回落不良的独立危险因素。结论再灌注治疗时机和病变解剖部位与STEMI患者ST段回落不良有关。     

影响老年急性心肌梗死患者再灌注治疗因素

目的 初步探讨影响老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者再灌注治疗的因素.方法 入选338例老年(≥65岁)AMI患者,根据是否接受溶栓或经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)分为再灌注(252例)和未再灌注(86例)两组,采用χ2检验、多因素logistic回归分析等统计方法.结果 74.6%的患者接受了再灌注治疗(其中62.2%接受PCI,12.4%接受溶栓治疗).多因素分析表明,年龄≥75岁(OR=0.255,P=0.000)、既往有心绞痛病史(OR=0.570,P=0.016)和发病时Killip分级较高(OR=0.671,P=0.012)是影响老年AMI患者较少接受再灌注治疗的因素,而下壁心肌梗死(MI)合并右室MI(OR=4.585,P=0.002)、出大汗(OR=1.970,P=0.016)、症状不能忍受(OR=1.836,P=0.038)和有医疗保险(OR=1.968,P=0.029)的患者更多接受了再灌注治疗.与溶栓治疗相比,PCI组颅内出血(2.8%比7.1%,P=0.000)、左心室射血分数<45%(12%比31%,P=0.016)、1年内病死率(2.3%比4.7%,P=0.039)明显降低.结论 高龄、心绞痛病史、Killip分级、下壁合并右室MI、出汗、症状不能耐受、有医疗保险等是预测老年AMI患者是否接受再灌注治疗的独立变量.     

急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后ST段回落不良的分析

目的探讨ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接PCI术后ST段回落不良的相关因素。方法173例符合ST段抬高AMI诊断并行直接PCI的患者,计算其心电图ST段回落指数,运用logistic回归分析影响ST段回落的相关因素。结果冠状动脉造影心肌呈色分级0/1(OR=2.936)、病变部位(OR=2.121)、胸痛开始到再灌注的时间(OR=1.314)、梗死前心绞痛(OR=1.053)是影响术后心电图ST段恢复的相关因素。结论AMI直接PCI术后心电图ST段恢复程度与上述因素有关。     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗后ST段下降幅度的临床意义

目的观察经皮冠状动脉内介入治疗(PCI)达TIMI血流3级的急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者,早期ST段下降幅度的临床意义。方法选择首次发生ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死(AMI)经急诊PCI治疗,且TIMI血流达3级的120例患者,男性76例,女性44例,平均年龄(55.6±11.4)岁,测量并比较PCI术前、术后2 h梗死相关导联ST段下降幅度,以∑ST段下降≥50%为A组,<50%为B组,应用超声心动图分别测量左心室射血分数(LVEF),观察可能影响ST段下降的常见因素及PCI术后2个月的心血管事件。结果急诊PCI的AMI患者早期ST段下降幅度≥50%者心脏功能改善明显,且心血管事件较低,未发现常见的临床因素对ST段下降有影响。结论AMI患者急诊PCI术后早期ST段下降的幅度是预测其预后的一项直观、简易、可靠的临床指标。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.