64层螺旋CT与数字减影血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断的比较

目的 通过64层螺旋CT的CT血管造影(CTA)及CT数字减影血管造影(CTDSA)技术与数字减影血管造影(DSA)的比较研究,评价64层螺旋CT在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 26例临床怀疑颅内动脉瘤的患者实施64层CT和DSA检查,对64层CT图像进行了CTA和DSCTA两种方式的后处理。CTA后处理技术包括容积再现(VR),最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重建(MPR),在CTA图像基础上用增强数据逐层减去平扫数据,自动去除骨与脑组织,获得CTDSA影像。比较3种技术(DSA、CTA和CTDSA)的特征。结果 26例可疑患者中,DSA和CTDSA发现31个动脉瘤,CTA发现29个动脉瘤。CTA漏掉的2个动脉瘤,直径小于3mm。结论 CTDSA是检查颅内动脉瘤的高度敏感的影像学方法,具有与DSA相当的价值。     

三维CT血管造影与平板DSA对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的对比分析

目的 对比分析多层螺旋CT三维血管造影(3D-CTA)与平板DSA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值.方法 对44例自发性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者同时行3D-CTA及平板DSA(包括2D-DSA、3D-DSA)检查,评价不同检查方法对动脉瘤的诊断效能、3D-CTA容积再现(VR)与3D-DSA容积再现(VR)对共同检出的动脉瘤之瘤体长径差异、瘤颈及载瘤动脉清晰度.结果 44例自发性SAH患者经外科手术或血管内介入证实36例为动脉瘤患者,共46个动脉瘤(其中26例单发,10例多发).3D-CTA共检出40例48个动脉瘤(灵敏度83.33%,特异度75%,阳性预测值75%,阴性预测值66.67%).2D-DSA检出38例患者中44个动脉瘤(灵敏度77.78%,特异度75%,阳性预测值73.68%,阴性预测值75%).3D-DSA最大密度投影(MIP)检出34例动脉瘤患者共44个动脉瘤(灵敏度94.44%.特异度100%,阳性预测值100%,阴性预测值100%).3D-DSA(VR)检出36例动脉瘤患者共46个动脉瘤,无漏诊及误诊.就颅内动脉瘤的检出率方面,3D-CTA与2D-DSA、3D-DSA(MIP)的检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但3D-CTA(VR)与3D-DSA(VR)的检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).无论是≥3 mm的动脉瘤还是<3 mm的动脉瘤,3D-CTA(VR)与3D-DSA(VR)对瘤体长径的测量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.1).在瘤颈及载瘤动脉清晰度显示方面,3D-CTA(VR)与2D-DSA和3D-DSA(VR)差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但3D-CTA(VR)与3D-DSA(MIP)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 3D-CTA对瘤体长径≥3 mm的颅内动脉瘤有很高的诊断效能,可作为一种微创的常规筛查方法,但对长径<3 mm的颅内动脉瘤有较高的漏诊及误诊率,对其未发现颅内动脉瘤的SSAH患者应进一步行3D-DSA检查.     

颅内动脉瘤的DSA与临床相关性分析

目的 分析评价颅内动脉瘤的脑血管造影与临床相关性。方法 回顾性分析48例颅内动脉瘤患者的脑血管造影表现和临床资料,就其动脉瘤大小、部位、形态、检查方法以及临床表现进行综合分析。结果 颅内动脉瘤临床表现与动脉瘤大小、部位有一定关系,相同或不同部位动脉瘤可产生不同或相同临床症状,旋转DSA技术是常规脑血管造影的有效补充检查手段。结论 1．颅内动脉瘤临床症状与其生长部位及大小有一定相关性,但无明显特异性;2．旋转DSA技术在动脉瘤诊断和治疗中具有极其重要的作用。     

三维数字减影血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨3D—DSA在颅内动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用价值。方法：对蛛网膜下腔出血患者常规行DSA检查，发现病变或可疑病变后行3D—DSA检查。结果：26例颅内动脉瘤中检出动脉瘤31枚，其中后交通9枚，C1段3枚，C2段5枚，C3段3枚，前交通6枚，大脑中3枚。椎动脉动2枚。3例2D—DSA未见病变3D—DSA确诊，5例因血管重叠3D—DSA排除了动脉瘤。6枚GDC栓塞，5枚手术夹闭，2枚颈内动脉可脱性球囊封阻术。结论：3D—DSA极大提高了脑血管造影检查的准确性和可靠性，为动脉瘤的介入治疗和手术夹闭提供了可靠保障，在临床诊疗中具有很高的应用价值。     

CT血管成像和MR血管成像在颅内创伤性动脉瘤中的诊断价值

颅内创伤性动脉瘤（traumatic aneurysm，TA）国内外报道较少，其检查方法多采用数字减影血管造影术（DSA），而C血管成像（CTA）和MR血管成像（MRA）及其临床诊断价值尚未见系统报道。笔者收集近期6例TA患者资料，并对这两种检查方法进行初步探讨。     

数字减影CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨数字减影CT血管造影(digital subtraction CT angiography,DSCTA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 :回顾性分析30例颅内动脉瘤合并自发性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床及影像学资料,并行MIP、VR观察动脉瘤。结果:30例共37个动脉瘤,前交通动脉6个,大脑前动脉2个,大脑中动脉9个,后交通动脉16个,基底动脉2个,颈内动脉2个。23例单发,7例多部位动脉瘤。DSCTA共发现35个动脉瘤,漏诊2个。动脉瘤大小3 mm×2.9 mm~12 mm×10 mm。18例行弹簧钢圈栓塞。7例行开颅夹闭术。DSCTA检查的敏感度为94.59%,特异度为100%,准确率为94.59%。结论:DSCTA是一种快速准确诊断颅内动脉瘤的非侵袭性检查方法,对颅内动脉瘤的检出具有极高的敏感性和特异性,为临床治疗方案的选择提供了可靠依据,有极高的临床价值。     

3D-DSA技术及其在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值

旋转DSA技术早在20世纪70年代早期第一次被应用在神经放射学领域,随着计算机技术在医学领域的广泛应用,各种医学图像处理软件相继被应用,使得图像三维重建技术与旋转DSA有机地结合（3D-DSA）,可以通过一次旋转投照获得满意的三维血管影像,对颅内动脉瘤的检出及介入治疗具有重要意义。本文综述了3D-DSA技术及其在颅内动脉瘤诊治中的应用价值。     

旋转DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值

目的 研究旋转DSA对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法 使用荷兰PHILIPS－INTEGRIS V－3000型DSA系统,对20例疑有颅内动脉瘤的蛛网膜下腔出血患者作旋转DSA检查,并与常规DSA检查比较,得到一系列关于动脉瘤的定位,动脉瘤颈的清晰度及血管分支解剖的图象。结果 旋转DSA诊断颅内动脉瘤的20例患者,常规DSA检查发现18例动脉瘤,其中6例（6／18）动脉瘤的载瘤动脉及周围血管解剖关系显示不清,7例（7／18）动脉瘤的颈部显示不清。加摄旋转DSA检查后,动脉瘤的全貌,瘤颈的位置与结构及周围血管分支的解剖关系清晰显示。结论 旋转SA可更好、更清晰的显示动脉瘤的颈部及其周围的血管解剖结构,从而提高了动脉瘤的血管造影诊断价值,为手术提供更为准确的参考价值。     

平板数字减影血管成像三维旋转血管造影在颅内微小动脉瘤诊疗中的应用

目的探讨平板数字减影血管成像(DSA)三维旋转血管造影(3DRA)在颅内微小动脉瘤(≤3mm)诊疗中的应用价值。资料与方法88例蛛网膜下腔出血患者利用平板DSA行常规全脑血管造影,再行3DRA检查,并利用其工作站行三维重建,分析其二维(2D)与3DRA显示颅内动脉瘤的差异,并分析3DRA对微小动脉瘤的最佳显示角度,制订血管内栓塞治疗方案。结果平板DSA常规全脑血管造影检出颅内动脉瘤69例,微小动脉瘤1例;利用其3DRA检出动脉瘤82例,微小动脉瘤14例。13例3DRA显示而2D未显示的颅内动脉瘤均为微小动脉瘤,两者在动脉瘤检出率方面(93.18%对78.41%)差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.000,P<0.05)。14例微小动脉瘤中,2例行血管内栓塞治疗,7例行外科手术治疗。结论 3DRA显著提高了颅内微小动脉瘤的检出率,是颅内微小动脉瘤诊断和栓塞治疗的有力工具。     

旋转式三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤临床诊断和治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨旋转式三维数字减影血管造影在脑动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的应用价值，提高诊断水平，增强治疗效果。方法：回顾性分析了213例脑动脉瘤患者的二维、三维数字减影脑血管造影的影像学资料，并对其结果进行了对比分析。结果：213例患者中共检出222枚脑动脉瘤，其中囊性动脉瘤197枚，梭形动脉瘤16枚，夹层动脉瘤9枚；在222枚脑动脉瘤中，小型动脉瘤105枚，中型动脉瘤89枚，大型动脉瘤22枚，巨大型动脉瘤6枚。常规DSA清楚显示的有205枚，17枚显示可疑由三维数字减影脑血管造影进一步证实；对138例脑动脉瘤患者进行手术开颅银夹夹闭治疗，19例进行介入性金属微弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结论：旋转式三维脑血管造影可有效提高脑动脉瘤的诊断准确性和多种治疗方法的安全十牛及疗效。     

Detection of unruptured familial intracranial aneurysms by intravenous digital subtraction angiography

Summary The authors discuss the detection of intracranial aneurysms (IA) by means of intravenous digital angiography (ivDSA) in (a)symptomatic first degree relatives of families in which two or more individuals have IA. ivDSA is an almost noninvasive and low-risk diagnostic procedure. Screening, by means of ivDSA, of two affected families is described. In family I which includes 7 members with proven IA, ivDSA has been carried out in 36 asymptomatic individuals: in one, a 6x15 mm aneurysm was found at the left posterior communicating artery (PCoA). In family II, including one member with a proven IA and another with a subarachnoid hemorrhage, ivDSA has been carried out in 4 members: one aneurysm with a diameter of 6 mm was found at the left PCoA. Conventional cerebral angiography (CCA) confirmed both IA's. Neurosurgical treatment followed. The advantages and disadvantages of ivDSA vs. CCA as elective screening procedure in such cases are discussed. Screening of asymptomatic first degree relatives of cases with familial IA by means of ivDSA is strongly advocated.     

Three-dimensional volume rendering digital subtraction angiography in comparison with two-dimensional digital subtraction angiography and rotational angiography for detecting aneurysms and their morphological properties in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), which can cause mortality and severe morbidity, is a serious condition whose underlying cause must be determined. We aimed to compare 2D digital subtraction angiography (2DDSA), rotational angiography (RA) and 3D volume rendering digital subtraction angiography (3DVRDSA) for detecting aneurysms and their morphological properties in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Materials and methods

After an initial diagnosis of SAH with computed tomography, 122 patients (52 males and 70 females with a mean age of 47.77 ± 12.81 ranging between 20 and 83 years) underwent 2DDSA imaging, RA and 3DVRDSA imaging for detection of aneurysms. The location of the aneurysm, the best working angles, the dome/neck ratios, the largest diameter of the aneurysm, the shape of the aneurysm, the presence of spasms or pseudostenoses, and the relationship to the neighboring arteries were recorded.

Results

2DDSA missed 15.6% of the aneurysms that had a mean size of 2.79 ± 0.74 mm. RA was superior to 2DDSA for detecting aneurysm neck, and 3DVRDSA was superior to RA for detecting aneurysm neck. 3DVRDSA conclusively depicted the shape of the aneurysms in all patients. 3DVRDSA imaging was superior to 2DDSA and RA in the detection of the aneurysm relationship to neighboring arteries. The sensitivity and specificity of 3DVRDSA imaging for the detection of vasospasms were 100 and 84%, respectively.

Conclusions

3DVRDSA imaging is superior to 2DDSA and RA for detecting intracranial aneurysms and their morphological properties, especially those of small, ruptured aneurysms. However, 2DDSA should not be neglected in cases of vasospasm.     

三维DSA容积重建在颅内小动脉瘤中的诊断价值

目的：评价三维数字减影血管造影（DSA）容积重建在颅内小动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对129例可疑颅内动脉瘤患者在行弹簧圈栓塞前进行二维DSA和三维容积重建-数字减影血管造影（VR-DSA）检查。结果三维VR-DSA显示105例患者有123枚动脉瘤，24例无动脉瘤。3例患者检测到3枚动脉瘤；12例患者同时检测到2枚动脉瘤；90例患者检测到1枚动脉瘤。所有的动脉瘤的形态在三维VR-DSA上均可清晰显示。二维DSA显示98例患者有110枚动脉瘤，31例无动脉瘤。1例患者检测到3枚动脉瘤；10例患者同时检测到2枚动脉瘤；87例患者检测到1枚动脉瘤。仅65例患者的动脉瘤的形态在二维DSA上可清晰显示。三维VR-DSA发现13例额外动脉瘤，位于颈内动脉（10例，77％），位于前交通动脉（3例，33％）。大脑中动脉与椎基底动脉未发现额外动脉瘤。结论三维容积DSA不仅能清晰显示动脉瘤的大小及形态，而且能检测出二维DSA未检出的动脉瘤，特别是微小动脉瘤。     

Three-dimensional reconstructed rotational digital subtraction angiography in planning treatment of intracranial aneurysms

We evaluated three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of 200 ° rotational digital subtraction angiography (DSA) images for their contributions to improving the safety of endovascular embolization of intracranial aneurysms. Standard DSA and 200 ° rotational DSA were performed in 40 adult patients (aged 21–77 years) with 45 intracranial aneurysms. Information obtainable from standard DSA and 3D-DSA images about aneurysm shape and size was compared. In 40 (89 %) of the 45 aneurysms 3D-DSA gave additional information about the anatomy of the aneurysm. In 17 (43 %) of these cases aneurysm anatomy could be visualized better on 3D-DSA than on standard DSA images. In three cases only 3D-DSA images showed blood vessels originating from the aneurysm. Reconstructed 3D images were also helpful in visualizing partially clipped aneurysms. On maximum-intensity projection images it was even possible to depict previously embolized aneurysms. Blood vessels originating from the aneurysm are visible on 3D-DSA images, and even previously clipped aneurysms can be visualized well. Rotational DSA with 3D reconstruction is a helpful tool in the assessment of intracranial aneurysms. Received: 7 September 1999; Revised: 26 November 1999; Accepted: 26 November 1999     

Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in patients with Aorto-arteritis (Takayasu's)

Aorto-arteritis is one of the commonest vascular diseases in China as well as in Japan and other parts of Asia. The results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 50 patients with aortoarteritis are reported, and the merits and demerits of intravenous (IV) DSA in the diagnosis of this entity are evaluated. Among the 51 studies performed on 50 patients, IV DSA was used in 48, intraarterial (IA) DSA in 3, and good-to-excellent visualization was obtained in 96% of patients. Aorto-arteritis of varying severity and involving the thoraco-abdominal aorta, the iliac arteries, and other major branches was clearly demonstrated by IV DSA. IV DSA, as compared to our previous experience with conventional arteriography in this entity, may be substituted for conventional arteriography in most patients. A large dose of contrast media needed for a complete study is a major deficiency of IV DSA, and it also has limitations for showing the intrarenal arterial branches.     

Magnetic resonance angiography of intracranial aneurysms: comparison with intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography

Summary Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with flow rephased gradient-echo sequences is a new non-invasive method for vascular imaging. We compared MRA and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography in 18 patients with intracranial aneurysms to test whether MRA presently provides an alternative to cerebral angiography for the diagnosis of these anomalies. MRA showed 19 of the 22 aneurysms detected (86.4%). However, problems, especially with turbulent or slow flow, resulted in 6 studies (27.3%) with limited and 2 with questionable demonstration of an aneurysm, and 1 false negative study. At present, MRA is definitely inferior to angiography for the demonstration of intracranial aneurysms, due to its lower resolution and other limitations.