16S rRNA基因序列分析在感染性心内膜炎瓣膜内病原菌检测中的应用

目的探讨16S rRNA基因序列法在感染性心内膜炎(IE)患者瓣膜赘生物内致病原检测中的应用价值。方法对129例IE患者术中赘生物进行DNA提取、PCR扩增及测序分析,并与传统血培养及赘生物培养进行比较分析。结果配对卡方检验显示16S rRNA基因序列分析法检测阳性率明显高于血培养[83.53%(71/85)vs 28.24%(24/85),P0.05]和赘生物培养[77.5%(100/129)vs 18.6%(24/129),P0.05],可检出苛养菌及立克次体、巴通体、支原体等特殊病原体。结论应用16S rRNA基因序列分析法可提高IE患者瓣膜赘生物致病原的检出率。     

16SrRNA、16S-23SrRNA基因测序分析检测主要血流感染病原菌比较

目的比较细菌16SrRNA、16S-23SrRNA基因测序分析在血流感染病原菌检测中的作用。方法提取临床上血流感染常见的金黄色葡萄菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、粪肠球菌、肺炎链球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、阴沟肠杆菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、洛菲不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、化脓性链球菌、奇异变形杆菌、潘尼变形杆菌、屎肠球菌、粘质沙雷菌、宋内志贺菌、产气肠杆菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、腐生葡萄球菌基因组DNA,运用16SrRNA、16S-23SrRNA基因进行PCR扩增。扩增产物经测序后在美国国家生物技术中心（NCBI）上进行比对分析,确定菌种。结果在所分析的19种临床血流感染常见细菌中,16SrRNA基因测序分析可将除粘质沙雷菌外的细菌鉴定到种的水平,但无法完全区分近缘种属;16S-23SrRNA成功鉴定17种细菌,除大肠埃希菌、宋内志贺菌外所有细菌均成功鉴定到单一种的水平。结论16S-23SrRNA基因可作为血流感染细菌检测较好的分子靶标。     

Utility of high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mycolic acids and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing for routine identification of Mycobacterium spp. in a national reference laboratory

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of mycolic acids and partial gene sequencing for the first 500-bp 5′ end of the 16S rRNA gene were used singularly and in combination to evaluate the final identification of species. Examination of 200 cultures revealed 100 strains of slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM), 91 strains of rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), and 9 strains of other genera. SGM were discriminated in complexes with both methods for 56 strains, composed primarily of the Mycobacterium spp.: Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium terrae, and Mycobacterium simiae–Mycobacterium lentiflavum. For RGM, 73 strains were associated with complexes designated as Mycobacterium abscessus–Mycobacterium chelonae, Mycobacterium fortuitum–Mycobacterium peregrinum, and Mycobacterium mucogenicum–Mycobacterium phocaicum. Consistent identification of all the isolates differentiated to single species within the Mycobacterium genus was not possible with either test method. Sequencing results often distinguished complexes containing fewer species, and combining the results from each method increased the confidence of identifying the correct species.     

Comparison of rpoB gene sequencing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gyrB multiplex PCR,and the VITEK2 system for identification of Acinetobacter clinical isolates

Since accurate identification of species is necessary for proper treatment of Acinetobacter infections, we compared the performances of 4 bacterial identification methods using 167 Acinetobacter clinical isolates to identify the best identification method. To secure more non-baumannii Acinetobacter (NBA) strains as target strains, we first identified Acinetobacter baumannii in a total of 495 Acinetobacter clinical isolates identified using the VITEK 2 system. Because 371 of 495 strains were identified as A. baumannii using gyrB multiplex 1 PCR and bla_OXA51-like PCR, we performed rpoB gene sequencing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing on remaining 124 strains belonging to NBA and 52 strains of A. baumannii. For identification of Acinetobacter at the species level, the accuracy rates of rpoB gene sequencing, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, gyrB multiplex PCR, and the VITEK 2 were 98.2%, 93.4%, 77.2%, and 35.9%, respectively. The gyrB multiplex PCR seems to be very useful for the detection of ACB complex because its concordance rates to the final identification of strains of ACB complex were 100%. Both the rpoB gene sequencing and the 16S rRNA gene sequencing may be useful in identifying Acinetobacter.     

16S rRNA 测序鉴定1株条件致病性人苍白杆菌

目的：探索一种基于16S rRNA 基因的细菌快速鉴定方法,为临床未知病原菌的诊断及治疗提供科学依据。方法对临床患者的痰标本分离培养纯菌落,直接以菌液为模板,以通用引物 PCR 扩增未知菌的16S rRNA 基因片段,产物直接测序。将测序结果进行 BLAST 比对,根据序列同源性鉴定病原细菌。结果未知病原菌经本实验鉴定为人苍白杆菌,经 ABI 细菌快速鉴定板条检测,确认结果一致。结论该研究简化了临床标本未知病原菌分离培养鉴定的步骤,建立了一种利用16S rRNA 基因扩增快速鉴定病原菌的简便方法。     

Molecular diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and superantigen gene detection

We report the use of molecular techniques in the diagnosis of a case of culture-negative necrotizing fasciitis occurring in a 32-year-old female with no significant past medical history and who died within 36 hours of admission. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from the popliteal fossa region obtained at autopsy showed hemorrhage, necrosis, and mild inflammation by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tissue gram stain showed numerous gram-positive organisms arranged in clusters. The sequences of the first 500 bp of bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplified from the lesion were identical to a Lancefield group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes. Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and B superantigen genes were detected and an emm type 1 was determined by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing from the lesion. This confirmed the etiology of the patient's rapid deterioration with multisystem organ failure.     

血液细菌16S rRNA基因检测的诊断价值

目的探索快速可靠的检测细菌感染的新方法。方法用PCR技术扩增实验室保留株10株的16SrRNA基因,以乙型肝炎病毒-DNA、白假丝酵母菌和人类基因组DNA为对照,检测该方法的特异性;采用10倍比稀释法进行该方法的灵敏度检测。结果对所测细菌株均获得475bp扩增产物,而与乙型肝炎病毒-DNA、白假丝酵母菌和人基因组DNA无交叉反应;PCR最低能检测1.5×104/L大肠埃希氏菌。结论16SrRN基因PCR检测细菌感染的方法具有特异性、快速性和敏感性高等特点。     

Abiotrophia defectiva infection of a total hip arthroplasty diagnosed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing

We describe a case of a total hip arthroplasty infection caused by Abiotrophia defectiva, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Removal of the prosthesis followed by antibiotic treatment resulted in a good clinical outcome. 16S rRNA gene sequencing can be a useful tool in diagnosing infection with this fastidious microorganism that can easily be misidentified using phenotypic identification methods.     

Single gene target bacterial identification. groEL gene sequencing for discriminating clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis

Proper identification of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis is crucial in guiding clinical management of patients with suspected melioidosis, as more than 99% of cases of melioidosis are caused by B. pseudomallei, whereas B. thailandensis is only responsible for causing less than 1% of the cases. However, the difference between the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences of B. pseudomallei and that of B. thailandensis is only 1%, and is therefore not discriminative enough for distinguishing the 2 species confidently. In this study, we amplified and sequenced the groEL genes of 7 strains of B. thailandensis and 6 strains of B. pseudomallei, and compared the sequences with 7 other groEL gene sequences of Burkholderia species. BLAST analysis revealed that the putative protein encoded by the groEL gene of B. thailandensis has 99.6%, 99.5%, 98.4%, 98.5%, and 96.5% amino acid identity with the groEL of B. pseudomallei, B. mallei, B. cepacia, B. vietnamiensis, and B. fungorum respectively. The amino acid sequences of GroEL of the strains of B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei all showed >99.5% amino acid identity with each other. The nucleotide sequence of the groEL gene of any of the strains of B. thailandensis showed >99.8% nucleotide identity with that of any of the other strains of B. thailandensis, and the nucleotide sequence of the groEL gene of any of the strains of B. pseudomallei showed >99.5% nucleotide identity with that of any of the other strains of B. pseudomallei. However, the nucleotide sequence of any of the strains of B. thailandensis showed <97.6% nucleotide identity with any of the strains of B. pseudomallei. The amino acid sequences of GroEL of the 20 strains of Burkholderia species all showed >96% amino acid identity with each other. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the groEL genes of the 2 strains of B. cepacia showed >99.5% nucleotide identity with each other, and the nucleotide sequence of the groEL gene of B. mallei showed >99.5% nucleotide identity with any of the strains of B. pseudomallei. The groEL gene sequence is therefore good for distinguishing between B. thailandensis and B. pseudomallei, and the GroEL amino acid and groEL nucleotide sequences of this single gene locus may potentially be useful for a 2-tier hierarchical identification of medically important Burkholderia at the genus and species levels respectively.     

Pacemaker infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum: the role of universal 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing

Rapidly growing mycobacteria are a rare cause of pacemaker infection. A low index of suspicion and conventional diagnostic methods may delay diagnosis. We present a review of the literature and report a case of pacemaker infection due to Mycobacterium fortuitum rapidly detected by universal 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.     

MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry tools for bacterial identification in clinical microbiology laboratory

Since the early 1980s, mass spectrometry has emerged as a particularly powerful tool for analysis and characterization of proteins in research. Recently, bacteriologists have focused their attention on the use of mass spectrometry (MS) for bacterial identification, especially Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight (MALDI-TOF). Moreover, recent publications have evaluated MALDI-TOF in microbiology laboratory for routine use. MALDI-TOF-MS is a rapid, precise, and cost-effective method for identification of intact bacteria, compared to conventional phenotypic techniques or molecular biology. Furthermore, it allows identification of bacteria directly from clinical samples (blood cultures for example).The goal of this review was to update recent data concerning routine identification of microorganisms by MALDI-TOF in the clinical microbiology laboratory.     

革兰阴性菌中16SrRNA甲基化酶基因的检测

目的 了解大连2所医院临床分离革兰阴性菌中介导高水平氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药的16S rRNA甲基化酶基因armA、rmtB的流行情况,并研究其耐药机制.方法 收集临床分离的耐阿米卡星的革兰阴性杆菌134株.PCR法筛选2种甲基化酶基因armA及rmtB;PCR产物进行测序.质粒提取、接合试验及转化试验确定armA及rmtB基因定位.琼脂稀释法测定阳性菌株、结合子和转化产物对阿米卡星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素3种氨基糖苷抗生素的MIC值.结果 134株耐药菌株中,21株鲍曼不动杆菌检出armA基因,5株大肠埃希菌和5株肺炎克雷伯菌检出rmtB基因.质粒抽提试验及接合试验rmtB阳性菌获得成功.接合子及转化产物DH5a(pMDarmA)均获得高水平耐氨基糖苷类抗生素的特性. 结论 大连2所医院检测到16S rRNA甲基化酶基因armA和rmtB阳性菌株.armA基因存在于鲍曼不动杆菌中;rmtB基因位于大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌的质粒上.armA和rmtB可以导致细菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的高水平耐药.     

嗜麦芽寡氧单胞菌临床株与环境株的16S rRNA基因序列及系统发育分析

目的:比较嗜麦芽寡氧单胞菌临床株与环境株16S rRNA基因序列,构建系统发育树,分析其进化关系.方法:对选取的3株嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌临床株和1株环境株的16S rRNA基因进行PCR扩增并测序.将上述及从GenBank中挑选出的其他32株不同来源的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的16S rRNA基因序列进行对比分析.并绘制系统发育树.结果:系统发育分析表明大部分菌株可根据来源分为3个簇,序列分析显示某些高度可变区可能存在可区分临床株与环境株的关键序列.结论:嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌基因型及表现型具有多样性:大部分嗜麦芽寡氧单胞菌临床株与环境株可根据16S rRNA基因序列进行鉴别.     

人苍白杆菌深圳分离株16S rRNA基因部分核苷酸序列分析

目的对深圳市布吉人民医院分离鉴定的1株人苍白杆菌进行16S rRNA基因的部分核苷酸序列分析,以探讨该菌株在分类学上的准确地位。方法对该菌株进行PCR扩增及16SrRNA基因序列测定,并与人苍白杆菌标准株及羊种布氏杆菌比较。结果3株细菌均可扩增到大小约900bp的16S rRNA基因片段,经核苷酸序列分析比较,发现人苍白杆菌深圳分离株与人苍白杆菌标准株和羊种布氏杆菌具有高度同源性,同源程度大于98%。结论该院分离的人苍白杆菌不仅与购自美国的人苍白杆菌ATCC株有高度同源性,而且与北京保存的羊种布氏菌在遗传学上也具有非常密切的亲缘关系。     

Genetic environment of 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtD

The genetic environment of the 16S rRNA methylase gene rmtD was investigated. rmtD was flanked by a novel ISCR motif located downstream of class I integron In163 in the original Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. rmtD found in Klebsiella pneumoniae appeared to have been mobilized from P. aeruginosa by an IS26-mediated event.     

应用16S rRNA宽范围聚合酶链反应快速检测临床无菌体液感染

目的应用16S rRNA宽范围聚合酶链反应（PCR）快速检测临床无菌体液感染,并与传统培养方法进行比较分析。方法收集94份临床无菌体液（血液、脑脊液、胸腹水、关节液）标本,提取细菌基因组DNA,应用16S rRNA宽范围PCR扩增,并将PCR阳性产物测序,然后将测序结果在美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）上进行BLAST比对,从而确定菌种。同时,应用常规培养方法检测94份无菌体液标本,并对2种方法的结果进行比较。结果 16S rRNA宽范围PCR敏感性高,最低扩增浓度为103 CFU/mL,且该技术特异性高,其阳性扩增产物经测序比对后结果和培养结果完全吻合。另外,94例临床标本中应用培养方法培养出阳性例数为9例,阳性率为9.6%,而应用宽范围PCR,除培养阳性的9例均为阳性外,另外扩增出6例阳性标本,阳性率为15.9%,而此6例经测序证实分别为4株铜绿假单胞菌、1株黏质沙雷菌、1株肺炎链球菌。结论 16S rRNA宽范围PCR与培养技术比较起来,敏感性高,特异性强,有望成为临床无菌体液病原体感染快速筛查的方法。     

Evaluation of 16SpathDB 2.0, an automated 16S rRNA gene sequence database,using 689 complete bacterial genomes

Interpretation of 16S rRNA sequences is a difficult problem faced by clinical microbiologists and technicians. In this study, we evaluated the updated 16SpathDB 2.0 database, using 689 16S rRNA sequences from 689 complete genomes of medically important bacteria. Among these 689 16S rRNA sequences, none was wrongly identified, with 35.8% reported as a single bacterial species having >98% identity with the query sequence (category 1), 63.9% reported as more than 1 bacterial species having >98% identity with the query sequence (category 2), 0.3% reported to the genus level (category 3), and none reported as no match (category 4). For the 16S rRNA sequences of non-duplicated bacterial species reported as category 1 or 2, the percentage of bacterial species reported as category 1 was significantly higher for anaerobic Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria than aerobic/facultative anaerobic Gram-positive/Gram-negative bacteria. 16SpathDB 2.0 is a user-friendly and accurate database for 16S rRNA sequence interpretation in clinical laboratories.     

机采血小板细菌16s rRNA基因检测的临床研究

目的 探讨快速、可靠的检测机采血小板(PLT)细菌污染的新方法.方法 用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增1 308份献血员机采PLT 16s rRNA基因,以乙型肝炎病毒-脱氧核糖核酸(HBV DNA)、白假丝酵母菌和人类基因组DNA为对照,检测该方法的特异性;采用10倍倍比稀释法进行该方法的敏感性检测.结果 检测1308份献血员机采PLT,其中7份16s rRNA基因为阳性,阳性率为0.54%(7/1 308).而与HBV DNA、白假丝酵母菌和人基因组DNA无交叉反应;PCR最低能检测1.5 × 10~4cfu/L大肠埃希菌.结论 献血员机采PLT板细菌污染的阳性率为0.54%;利用PCR检测献血员机采PLT细菌16s rRNA基因的方法具有特异性、快速性和敏感性高等特点.     

PCR primers targeting the 16S rRNA gene for the specific detection of streptomycetes

Streptomycetes are filamentous actinobacteria commonly found in soil and biotechnically important, but they also have adverse effects on human health. In this work, two primer pairs, StrepB/StrepE and StrepB/StrepF combined with Bst YI restriction endonuclease digestion, targeting the 16S rRNA gene of streptomycetes were designed. The specificity of the primers was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from Streptomyces strains and near relatives. All streptomycetes tested positive and non-streptomycetes were not amplified except three strains that, however, gave Bst YI restriction endonuclease digestion results distinct from streptomycetes. Moreover, both primer pairs gave an amplification product of the expected size only when Streptomyces VTT E-99-1334 DNA was present in the template DNA mixture isolated from six bacterial and three fungal strains. The primers were further successfully used to amplify from DNA isolated from two soil and two building material samples. The 40 sequenced amplification products obtained with the primer pair StrepB/StrepE showed greater than 96.1% similarity to streptomycete 16S rRNA sequences. Seventy PCR amplification products obtained with the primers StrepB/StrepF were analysed by sequencing and restriction analysis. All 54 PCR products having >95.7% similarity to streptomycete sequences were cleaved with Bst YI. No false-positive results were achieved. Both primer sets proved to be specific for streptomycetes, and applicable for the detection of streptomycetes in environmental samples.