左侧房室慢旁路的电生理特征和射频消融靶点的定位

目的 :探讨左侧游离壁慢传导旁路的电生理特点和射频消融方法。方法 :5例患者诱发心动过速后用心室感知S2程序刺激中止心动过速确立心室为房室折返环的一部分。结果 :4例中止心动过速时无心房逆行 A波 ,1例有逆行 A波 ,旁路 1例有递减传导特点 ,均在心室侧消融成功。成功消融靶点 A波较冠状窦标测导管最早 A波提前 8～2 2 m s。结论 :心室感知 S2心室程序刺激终止心动过速是鉴别房性心动过速的可靠方法。     

左心室刺激在射频消融左侧房室旁路中的价值

目的室房传导的不完全阻断可能会导致房室折返性心动过速复发.鉴于心脏的解剖关系和电生理特点,推测左心室内刺激对于判定经左侧旁路的室房传导是否被彻底阻断要优于传统的右心室刺激.方法213例左侧旁路参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速患者(男性125例),平均年龄(38±19)岁.在射频消融前、后均进行右心室心尖部S1S2程序刺激及S1S1分级递增刺激;射频消融后,在右心室刺激显示经旁路的室房逆传完全被阻断后,经大头消融电极在左心室游离壁进行S1S1和S1S2刺激.结果在常规右心室刺激显示经旁路的室房传导被阻断之后,共有6例患者在经大头电极以相同的条件在左心室刺激时显示经旁路的室房传导仍然存在.其中1例术前有心室预激,消融后预激已消失而室房传导仍存在,有2例仍能诱发出房室折返性心动过速.另l例既往接受消融后复发的病例在此次消融前即见到此现象.7例患者均接受射频消融,直至右心室心尖部和左心室刺激均无经旁路的室房传导.平均随访(18±9)个月,均无预激或房室折返性心动过速复发.结论在对左侧旁路参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速进行射频消融治疗时,左心室刺激可以作为判定经左侧旁路的室房传导是否被完全阻断的电生理检查手段,这可能有助于减少左侧旁路射频消融之后房室折返性心动过速的复发机会.     

特发性左心室室性心动过速合并房室旁路的诊断和射频导管消融术

目的 :报道特发性左心室室性心动过速 (ILVT)合并房室旁路的鉴别诊断和射频导管消融术 (RFCA)结果。方法 :15 6例ILVT患者 ,常规方法进行电生理检查和RFCA ,对诱发室性心动过速室房呈 1∶1传导的患者给予三磷酸腺苷2 0～ 3 0mg静脉注射 ,观察对三磷酸腺苷的反应。同时行RS2 刺激 ,观察有无A波提前 ,明确房室旁路逆传。结果 :5例对逆向传导无影响 ,逆传A波呈非向心性分布 ,同时心室RS2 刺激A波提前 ,证明存在房室旁路逆传 ,5条房室旁路全部消融成功。消融房室旁路后再次诱发ILVT时出现室房分离 ,于左后间隔记录到分支电位或心动过速时V波最早处消融ILVT成功。结论 :ILVT可以和房室旁路同时存在并导致室房 1∶1传导。     

逆行慢传导房室旁路的射频导管消融术

报道１１例在射频消融成功部位靶点不能标测到ＶＡ波融合的逆行慢传导隐匿性房室旁路电生理特点和射频消融。４例心动过速呈连续性，旁路位于间隔部位；７例心动过速呈阵发性，旁路均位于左侧游离壁。消融成功部位靶点图ＶＡ波不融合，ＶＡ间期１１５±１６ｍｓ，ＶＡ波之间等电位线间期１０～５０ｍｓ。     

伴连续性房室结功能曲线的房室结折返性心动过速的电生理分析

目的：探讨无房室结双径路特性的房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)的电生理特点。方法：所有心动过速患射频消融前常规行心内电生理检查。结果：845例射频病人中325例为AVNRT，其中有21例患房室结功能曲线呈连续性，其电生理特征：希氏束图上心房回波(A)先出现，A波落在室波升支或其前，希氏柬不应期内刺激心室，不能提前夺获心房，射频消融后心房刺激时AHmax明显缩短。结论：伴连续性房室结功能曲线的AVNRT患心房刺激不表现房室结双径路的电生理特性，其消融终点初步定为：心房心室S1S1、S1S2刺激不诱发AVNRT；无AHvH传导曲线跳跃；房室结前传不应期明显缩短。     

希氏束不应期左心室刺激鉴别窄QRS波心动过速1例

本文报道1例隐匿性左外侧游离壁旁路参与的顺向型房室折返性心动过速(O-AVRT), 在心室起搏下消融过程中, 冠状静脉窦A波激动顺序由冠状静脉窦远端最早突然变为近端最早, 并可诱发以心房激动顺序存在的心动过速。于右心室反复行希氏束不应期心室刺激(RS2)均未提前下一A波, 似乎不支持旁路参与, 左心室RS2证实为经第2条左侧房室旁路逆传的O-AVRT;消融成功。     

右前隐匿性旁路的心电生理特点和射频消融治疗

目的 评价２８例右前隐匿性房社路（右前旁路）的电生理特点和射频消融治疗。方法 分析房室折返性心动过速（ａｔｒｉｏｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒ ｒｅｅｎｔｒａｎｔ ｔａｃｈｙｃａｒｄｉａ，ＡＶＲＴ）的体表心电图和经食管心电图逆行Ｐ波特点。比较消融前后的室房（ＶＡ）传导变化。结果 ２８例患者ＡＶＲＴ的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ａＶＦ导联逆行Ｐ波均为直立正向，Ⅰ和ａＶＬ导联逆行Ｐ 可直立（１５例）或负向（１３例），Ｖ１导联逆行Ｐ波均为负向，２０例Ｖ１的逆行Ｐ波与ＱＲＳ终末部相连而呈ｒＳｒ′型。心室程度刺激１４例显示ＶＡ传导恒定。１４例表现部分（１０例）或完全（４例）ＶＡ递减传导，其中１０例为未成年患者，２８例有效消融靶点位于三尖瓣环前上部（左前斜位的９～１１点）。１４例ＶＡ传导恒定者右心室起搏下标测和消融，旁路传导阻断后ＶＡ分离；１４例ＶＡ     

旁路前传室端单向阻滞一例

1　临床资料　　患者女性 ,2 6岁。“频繁阵发性心动过速”史 10年 ,体表心电图无预激表现。入院后检查无器质性心脏病。患者继往接收 2次射频导管消融术 ,包括心室面标测和心房间隔穿刺心房面标测消融均失败。局部麻醉下行心内电生理检查 ,窦性心律时冠状静脉窦远端电极 (CS1- 2 )记录到 A波之后的旁路电位 ,旁路电位与 V波之间有一段时间距离 ,V波无提前 (附图 ) ,心房程序刺激 A波之后的旁路电位持续存在 ,而 V波无提前 ,体表心电图无预激表现。心室程序刺激旁路逆传时冠状静脉窦远端电极可以记录到V波和 A波之间的旁路电位 ,无逆传…     

Mahaim样纤维的电生理特点和射频消融治疗

目的　总结前传递减性右心房 -右心室旁路的电生理特点和射频消融结果。　方法　对 7例患者 ,其中男性 3例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 (32± 16 )岁左束支阻滞图形的逆向型房室折返性心动过速患者进行电生理检查和射频消融治疗。　结果　 7例患者的旁路只有递减性前向传导功能 ,三磷酸腺苷能够阻断旁路的传导。心动过速时 ,行心房期前刺激和标测心室最早激动点 ,证实旁路起止于邻近三尖瓣环的右心房和右心室。于三尖瓣环上成功消融所有的旁路 ,消融部位的局部 V波明显提前 [平均 V-δ间期(2 5± 4) ms],但不伴有旁路电位。平均随访 (16± 5 )个月 ,无 1例心动过速复发。　结论　前传递减性右心房 -右心室旁路是“Mahaim样纤维”的一种类型 ,射频消融术为有效的治疗方法 ,成功消融部位可不伴有旁路电位。     

心室融合波伴心房激动提前对间隔旁路逆传的房室折返性心动过速的诊断作用

目的 观察心室融合波伴心房激动提前对间隔旁路逆传的顺向型房室折返性心动过速(OAVRT)的诊断作用。方法 按心内电生理检查标准和射频消融结果，将47例符合人选条件的患者分为两组：房室结折返性心动过速(AVNRT)组和间隔旁路逆传的0AVRT组，分别为24例和23例。心动过速时行心室期前程序刺激(RS2刺激)和心室快速刺激，测量体表心电图上心室融合波之后的心房激动时间是否提前。结果 RS2刺激和心室快速刺激均能形成多个心室融合波。AVNRT组无l例伴有心房激动提前(特异性100％)，而OAVRT组在心室刺激成分明显的心室融合波时，心房激动均被提前(敏感性100％)。两组间的差异十分显著(P＜0．001)。结论 心室融合波伴心房激动时间提前是诊断间隔旁路逆传OAVRT的可靠指标，具有敏感性和特异性高的特点，而且也可用于未能记录到希氏束电图的患者。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.