Intention to consume seafood--the importance of habit

The role of habit strength and past behaviour were studied in order to gain a better understanding of seafood consumption behaviour. A sample of Norwegian adults (N=1579) responded to a self-administered questionnaire about seafood consumption habits, past frequency of seafood consumption, and attitude towards and intention to eat seafood. Structural equation modelling revealed that past behaviour and habit, rather than attitudes, were found to explain differences in intention, indicating that forming intention does not necessarily have to be reasoned. The results also indicated that when a strong habit is present, the expression of an intention might be guided by the salience of past behaviour rather than by attitudes. The findings of this study might thus have consequences for dietary interventions.     

A Parental Health Education Model of Children’s Food Consumption: Influence on Children’s Attitudes,Intention, and Consumption of Healthy and Unhealthy Foods

This study proposes that parental mediation of television advertising and parental guidance of food consumption differentially influence children’s attitude, intention, and behavior toward the consumption of healthy and unhealthy foods. Structural equation modeling based on a survey of 1,119 children aged 9–12 supported our model, revealing that parental education strategies influence children’s food consumption in a complex manner that is highly context-dependent. Parental guidance of food consumption enhanced children’s healthy food attitude and intention to consume, while reducing the intention to consume unhealthy food. However, parental mediation of television advertising influenced unhealthy food attitude to a greater extent than healthy food attitude. Implications for health promotion and education, as well as parents and policy makers are discussed.     

Attitudes, intention and habit: their role in predicting actual consumption of fats and oils

Objective : To explore which are the most important predictors of actual consumption of olive oil, seeds oil and butter. Method : A sample of 909 subjects (> 14 years of age) completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes and beliefs towards the consumption of olive oil, seeds oil and butter. These subjects were part of a larger sample of individuals who participated in a nation-wide food consumption survey in Italy. The frame of reference for questionnaire design was based on the Ajzen & Fishbein theory of reasoned action. Also, a measure of habit was included. The Ajzen & Fishbein model including habit was evaluated by using Structural Equation Models, well-known as LISREL procedures. Results : Principal component analyses of the beliefs multiplied by the corresponding evaluations showed that the beliefs were not unitary but tended to differentiate between 'beliefs on healthiness of foods' and 'beliefs on gaining weight' for olive and seeds oil, whereas more homogeneous beliefs were observed for butter. Intention was found to have a positive and significant effect on the consumption of each of the three types of foods. Habit outweighed attitudes in the impact on intention of consuming, whereas it did not enter as a direct predictor of behaviour for all three types of food. Conclusions : The findings of the present study confirm the predictive validity of behavioural intention in relation to the observation of actual consumption of olive oil, seeds oil and butter. Also, it shows that habit was more important than attitudes in influencing behavioural intention.     

中国部分地区7岁及以下农村留守儿童看护人营养知识、态度和行为及其影响因素调查

目的 了解中国7岁及以下农村留守儿童看护人营养知识、态度和行为(KAP)及影响因素,为开展营养知识健康教育提供科学依据.方法 采用询问调查方法,对随机选择的1691名留守儿童看护人进行问卷调查;采用logistic回归分析方法筛选营养KAP的影响因素.结果 单亲外出留守儿童看护人的营养知识知晓率、积极态度持有率和正确行为形成率均较低,分别为59.9%、59.5%和41.8%,而双亲外出留守儿童看护人更低,分别为47.8%、55.4%和38.0%;多因素logistic回归分析结果显示:留守儿童看护人营养KAP与看护人的年龄、文化程度、家庭人均收入、看护意愿及儿童年龄等因素有关.结论 农村留守儿童看护人营养KAP水平较低,应开展留守儿童看护人营养KAP健康教育.     

Determinants of active self-care behaviour of insulin treated patients with diabetes: implications for diabetes education

The most important aim of diabetes education is to alter the self-care behaviour of patients with diabetes. In order to change their behaviour its determinants must be known. The pretest of a multicentre evaluation study with 558 participating insulin treated patients with diabetes was analysed to test the usefulness of the attitude-behaviour theory of Fishbein & Ajzen in explaining and possibly changing diabetes related active self-care behaviour. The theory of Fishbein & Ajzen is based on the assumption that human behaviour is reasoned behaviour. The theory views a person's intention as the immediate determinant of action. Determinants of intention are attitude and social norm. The results showed that the attitude was the most important determinant of active self-care, while a sufficient level of knowledge and a low orientation on the powerful others health locus of control scale were prerequisites for a positive attitude. The influence of the social environment was detrimental; although people tried to motivate patients to active self-care, they could not provide any real help in performing this desired behaviour. According to the results of this study, diabetes education should first aim at improving the level of knowledge and the health locus of control of the patients and second, at a positive attitude to active self-care. It is necessary to educate the social environment to create a more supportive atmosphere for the patient with diabetes.     

Negative attitude of highly educated parents and health care workers towards future vaccinations in the Dutch childhood vaccination program

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether further expansion of the Dutch childhood vaccination program with other vaccines will be accepted and whom should be targeted in educational strategies. AIM: To determine attitudes of parents towards possible future vaccinations for their children and the behavioural determinants associated with a negative attitude. DESIGN: Questionnaire study. METHODS: Parents of children aged between 3 months and 5 years of day-care centres were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Determinants of a negative attitude to comply with possible future vaccinations against example diseases such as pneumonia or influenza, hepatitis B, TBC, smallpox and SARS were assessed using polytomous logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 283 respondents, 123 (43%) reported a positive attitude towards all vaccinations, 129 (46%) reported to have a positive attitude to have their child vaccinated against some diseases and 31 (11%) had no intention to comply with any new vaccination. Determinants of a fully negative attitude were a high education of the parent (odds ratio [OR] 3.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.3-8.6), being a health care worker (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.4-12.6), absence of religion (OR 2.6, 95% CI: 1.0-6.7), perception of vaccine ineffectiveness (OR 6.9, 95% CI: 2.5-18.9) and the perception that vaccinations cause asthma or allergies (OR 82.4, 95% CI: 8.9-766.8). CONCLUSION: Modifiable determinants for a negative attitude to comply with new vaccinations are mainly based on lack of specific knowledge. These barriers to vaccinations might be overcome by improving health education in the vaccination program, especially when targeted at educated parents and health care workers.     

Health‐related beliefs and consumer knowledge as determinants of fish consumption

Background: Despite scientific evidence on the positive effects of seafood consumption on human health, the consumption of fish remains below the recommended intake levels for the majority of Europeans. The present study aimed to explore cultural differences in potential determinants of fish consumption: consumers’ knowledge and health‐related beliefs, as well as the relationship between those variables, socio‐demographics and fish consumption frequency, using data from five European countries. Methods: A cross‐sectional consumer survey was carried out in 2004 with representative household samples from Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Poland and Spain. The sample consisted of 4786 respondents, aged 18–84 years, who were responsible for food purchasing and cooking in the household. Results: European consumers had a very strong belief that eating fish is healthy. Consumers’ belief that eating fish is healthy, their interest in healthy eating and objective fish‐related nutrition knowledge, positively, but only weakly, influenced fish consumption frequency. Subjective knowledge was found to be a stronger predictor of fish consumption than the previously noted factors. Age and education contributed, both directly and indirectly through knowledge, to explain fish consumption behaviour. However, the path coefficients in the estimated model were relatively low, which indicates that fish consumption frequency was also determined by factors other than health‐related beliefs and consumers’ knowledge. Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that communication should focus on health‐related benefits other than fish consumption alone. Communicating that eating fish is healthy and stressing the health benefits of fish alone, as is still commonly performed (e.g. in generic promotion and other types of public information campaigns) will be insufficient to achieve higher levels of compliance with fish consumption recommendations.     

Nahrungsmittelnachfrage, Ernährungsqualität und die rolle von ernährungsbezogenen Einstellungen und Wissen

The determinants of eating behavior in Germany are analysed, using the National Food Consumption Survey. In addition to income and sociodemographic variables, attitude and knowledge variables related to nutrition and health are included. First, the relationship between these variables and the demand for selected foods is investigated. Based on the consumption of various foods, indicators of dietary quality are established and the impact of the above mentioned variables on dietary quality is analysed. The results reveal a significant influence of sociodemographic as well as attitude and knowledge variables. Among others the educational attainment and attitudes towards a healthy nutrition were significant determinants of the eating behavior. The results are helpful in identifying sociodemographic groups whose eating patterns are of special concern and they also give some indications where nutrition education programs could be aimed at.     

Changes in Insurance Physicians’ Attitudes, Self-Efficacy, Intention, and Knowledge and Skills Regarding the Guidelines for Depression, Following an Implementation Strategy

Introduction To improve guideline adherence by insurance physicians (IPs), an implementation strategy was developed and investigated in a randomized controlled trial. This implementation strategy involved a multifaceted training programme for a group of IPs in applying the guidelines for depression. In this study we report the impact of the implementation strategy on the physicians’ attitude, intention, self-efficacy, and knowledge and skills as behavioural determinants of guideline adherence. Any links between these self-reported behavioural determinants and levels of guideline adherence were also determined. Methods Just before and 3 months after the implementation of the multifaceted training, a questionnaire designed to measure behavioural determinants on the basis of the ASE (attitude, social norm, self-efficacy) model was completed by the intervention (n = 21) and the control group (n = 19). Items of the questionnaire were grouped to form scales of ASE determinants. Internal consistency of the scales was calculated using Cronbach’s alphas. Differences between groups concerning changes in ASE determinants, and the association of these changes with improvements in guideline adherence, were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results The internal consistency of the scales of ASE determinants proved to be sufficiently reliable, with Cronbach’s alphas of at least 0.70. At follow-up after 3 months, the IPs given the implementation strategy showed significant improvement over the IPs in the control group for all ASE determinants investigated. Changes in knowledge and skills were only weakly associated with improvements in guideline adherence. Conclusions The implementation strategy developed for insurance physicians can increase their attitude, intention, self-efficacy, and knowledge and skills when applying the guidelines for depression. These changes in behavioural determinants might indicate positive changes in IPs’ behaviour towards the use of the guidelines for depression. However, only changes in knowledge and skills related to the use of the guidelines were associated with improvements in IPs’ actual performance when applying the guidelines.     

社会心理决定因素与小学生零食摄入行为的关联

  目的  探究自我效能、习惯强度、目标意向和结果预期与高年级小学生零食摄入行为的关系, 为以社会认知理论为主的社会心理决定因素在儿童营养教育中的应用提供参考。  方法  于2020年1月, 采用方便抽样的方式通过问卷调查方法评价北京市丰台区和西城区2所小学四至六年级1 353名学生的自我效能、习惯强度、目标意向、结果预期评分, 并调查零食摄入行为, 分析二者的关联。  结果  小学生每周零食摄入次数为5.0(3.0, 8.5)次, 每日摄入量为4.0(0.9, 22.9) g; 零食相关的结果预期评分为-1.0(-2.0, -1.0)分, 自我效能评分为(4.3±0.9)分, 习惯强度评分为1.0(1.0, 3.0)分, 目标意向评分为(4.2±1.2)分; 与零食摄入次数较低的学生相比, 零食摄入次数较高的小学生, 其结果预期、自我效能和目标意向评分均较低(t值分别为-9.0, 6.8, 5.2, P值均 < 0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示, 结果预期和自我效能与儿童零食摄入行为呈负相关(OR值分别为0.7, 0.8), 习惯强度与儿童零食摄入行为呈正相关(OR=1.3)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  自我效能、习惯强度、目标意向和结果预期与儿童零食摄入行为相关, 可以作为儿童营养干预的理论基础。     

The impact of patients' perceptions of high blood pressure on attendance at screening: An extension of the health belief model

This study is concerned with a neglected area: the synthesis of two approaches relevant to health-related behaviour—the Health Belief Model and Attribution Theory. A prospective design was used to test the combination of health beliefs and causal attributions that predispose patients to attend a screening for raised blood pressure. It was proposed that causal attributions concerning high blood pressure (HBP) would (i) affect other health beliefs, (ii) would act in conjunction with health beliefs in relation to actual behaviour and (iii) might show, in some cases, a more direct influence on behaviour and behavioural intention. One hundred and three adults responded to the questionnaire.Multivariate analyses were used to discriminate between the characteristics of attenders and non-attenders. The general prediction was confirmed: overall, eight factors comparing both HBM and attributional items produced a highly significant discrimination. A correlational analysis revealed a variety of linear relationships between HBM-items and causal attributions. Much of the variance in attendance was accounted for by the intention variable, and multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the determinants or intention, as a significant intervening factor between beliefs and behaviour.Participation bias limits the generalisability of these findings. The potential significance of causal attributions as predictors of both health beliefs and behaviour is nevertheless apparent. The implications of such a synthesis of approaches are discussed in terms of psychological theory and health education.     

Belief structure in relation to low-fat milk consumption

One hundred and three subjects completed a questionnaire on consumption of low-fat milks, along with attitudes and beliefs about consumption. Females showed a generally more favourable disposition towards consuming low-fat milks, whereas age and social class had little effect. The belief-evaluation scores showed good prediction of behavioural intention and self-reported behaviour. A principal components analysis of the belief-evaluation scores showed the nutritional beliefs to be separable from the sensory and functional beliefs, with the price items not clearly related to either. The nutritional beliefs were more closely related to the person's attitude towards consuming low-fat milk.     

Responding to food,environment and health challenges by changing meat consumption behaviours in consumers

Current meat consumption levels impact environment and health, highlighting a need to reduce meat consumption and increase that of plant‐based alternative proteins. There appears to be a lack of awareness amongst consumers as to how meat consumption affects health and climate change, which is likely to undermine intention to change. Of those who intend to change, many do not translate that intention to reduce meat consumption into behaviour change. Consumers appear open to the notion of reducing meat consumption but lack the knowledge, motivation or capability to make such changes. For many, meat eating is a traditional social practice, re‐enforced by economics, ecological, technological and institutional factors, including media and marketing. Many food choices are not logical reasoned actions but subconscious, automatic, rapid decisions, relying on heuristic processing and heavily influenced by contextual cues. Promising targets for changing individual consumption patterns could focus on closing the awareness‐intention and intention‐behaviour gaps. Modifying contextual determinants of food choice, highlighting personally relevant internal motivators related to individual requirements, and aligning such messages with positive re‐enforcement about animal welfare and environment would close the awareness‐intention gap. A framework of reference for a healthy, sustainable diet, improvements in the range, sensory attributes, convenience and ease of use of meat substitutes, reduction in the meat portion components of ready meals (by substitution with other foods), reformulation of processed products to include a greater proportion of non‐meat proteins, economic incentives and emphasis on the benefits to environment and animal welfare could reduce the intention‐behaviour gap. Better alignment of environmental and health messages would concentrate public health messages and effort to create a market environment that facilitates sustainable food choices to produce moderate population level wide‐scale changes in plant protein consumption, with significant impact on health and environmental outcomes.     

未婚人工流产女性生殖健康知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素研究

目的探讨未婚人工流产（人流）女性生殖健康知识、态度、行为现状及影响因素，提出针对性的干预对策。方法通过问卷调查方法分析1629例被调查者生殖健康知识、态度、行为及影响因素。结果年龄、地区、月收入、独生子女、职业与健康知识水平密切相关，年龄、地区、籍贯、月收入、独生子女、职业与生殖健康态度密切相关，年龄、地区、籍贯、月收入、职业与生殖健康行为密切相关，差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；年龄〈18岁、非独生子女成为健康知识一般独立危险因素，年龄〈18岁成为生殖健康态度1〉30分独立危险因素，年龄〈18岁、城市户籍成为生殖健康行为不及格独立危险因素。结论关注未成年与学生群体，加强教育与重点场所监管；对健康知识水平不高者，针对性强化健康教育，对态度消极、经济条件不足者可免费提供计生用品；对行为不健康者，注重心理辅导、观念引导。     

Factors influencing consumption of pork and poultry in the Irish market

Comparisons of Irish consumers' beliefs about pork and poultry in the framework of Fishbein and Ajzen's Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) showed that poultry is viewed as the tastier, healthier and less expensive of the two meats while pork is viewed as the safer meat. The influence of attitudes and important others on intention to consume these meats was explored and the findings support the basic structure of the TRA model. In this study, both attitudes towards poultry and pork consumption and the influence of important others influenced intention to consume pork and poultry, but attitude was of greater importance. For poultry, health, eating enjoyment, safety and price were most important determinants of attitude with environment and animal welfare less so. In the case of pork, health, eating enjoyment, safety and animal welfare were most important determinants of attitude with environment and price less so. Furthermore, doctor's advice influenced the subject norm for both poultry and pork, which in turn influenced intention to consume, while dietician's advice only influenced the subject norm for pork.     

232例糖尿病患者对糖尿病与牙周病关系的认知、态度及保健行为

目的 了解糖尿病患者对糖尿病与牙周病相互作用的认知、态度及保健行为的现状,探讨并分析其影响因素,为糖尿病患者的口腔与全身健康治疗方案及口腔健康宣教计划制订提供依据。方法 2021年4—5月采用便利抽样方法,对济宁市内三级甲等医院和二级甲等医院各两家的内分泌科病房和门诊的糖尿病患者进行调查,共获得232份有效问卷。内容包括糖尿病患者的一般情况、保健行为、对糖尿病与牙周病相互作用的认知情况、对糖尿病并发牙周病的治疗态度及其影响因素。结果 232名糖尿病患者对糖尿病与牙周病的相互作用的认知、治疗态度和保健行为的总得分为(39.42±18.23)分,小学及以下学历者平均得分最低为(28.69±12.04)分,年龄≥60岁者平均得分最低为(34.10±16.27)分;单因素分析显示,糖尿病患者保健行为、认知、治疗态度得分在不同婚姻状况、年龄、文化程度等方面,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson线性相关性分析显示,糖尿病患者的认知与保健行为、认知与治疗态度、治疗态度与保健行为的得分呈正相关;多重线性回归分析显示,年龄、家庭人均月收入、文化程度、有牙周病和无牙周病进入模型(P<0.01),共解释总变异的36.6%。结论 本次调查中,糖尿病患者对糖尿病与牙周病的相互作用的认知、治疗态度和保健行为三者之间相互影响,不同特征的糖尿病患者得分水平不同,年龄、文化程度和家庭人均月收入等因素是影响其得分的主要因素,应加强对高龄糖尿病患者的关注,积极对糖尿病患者开展口腔预防保健工作。     

A mothers' perspective on fish and her child's fish consumption in Surakarta,Indonesia

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVESUnderstanding the factors associated with fish consumption is necessary to determine strategies to improve the fish consumption particularly those high in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA). The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between a mother''s perspective on fish and actual fish consumption in their children.SUBJECTS/METHODSTwo hundred thirty-one elementary school children grade 3–6 and their mothers in Surakarta were recruited using multi stage random sampling for this study. Data was collected in July and August 2017. A validated questionnaire consisted of 3 topics including knowledge related to the health benefits and organoleptic properties of fish and cooking technique-related attitudes on fish were used to measure the mother''s response to the fish properties. A validated food frequency questionnaire and a food picture book of fish specifically designed for the survey were developed and used to assess fish consumption of the children. A χ² test was used to analyse the correlation between the mothers'' perspective on fish and their children''s fish consumption.RESULTSThe median fish consumption in children was 65 g/d with fried non-oily or lean fish, e.g., milkfish (locally called Bandeng) and catfish (locally called Lele) were consumed more than oily fish as well as processed fish products. Of all children, 31% met the fish consumption recommended by the Environmental Protection Agency-Food and Drug Administration 2017. There was no relationship between a mother''s knowledge related to health benefits, organoleptic properties and cooking technique-related attitude toward fish and her child''s fish consumption.CONCLUSIONSThe fish consumption of children is not influenced by their mother''s perspective on fish. Nutrition education strategies are warranted to improve fish consumption and maintain the optimal benefits by consuming fish, including fish high in n-3 LCPUFA.     

Predicting mothers' decisions to introduce complementary feeding at 6 months. An investigation using an extended theory of planned behaviour

In Australia and other developed countries there is poor adherence to guidelines recommending the introduction of complementary feeding to infants at 6 months of age. We aimed to investigate, via adopting a theory of planned behaviour framework and incorporating additional normative and demographic influences, mothers' complementary feeding intentions and behaviour. Participants were 375 primiparas who completed an initial questionnaire (infant age 13±3 weeks) that assessed the theory of planned behaviour constructs of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control, as well as group norm and additional maternal and infant variables of mothers' age, education level, weight status perception, current maternal feeding practices, and infant birth weight. Approximately, 3 months after completion of the main questionnaire, mothers completed a follow-up questionnaire that assessed the age in months at which the infant was first introduced to solids. The theory of planned behaviour variables of attitude and subjective norm, along with group norm, predicted intentions, with intention, mothers' age (older more likely), and weight status perception (overweight less likely) predicting behaviour. Overall, the results highlight the importance of attitudes, normative influences, and individual characteristics in complementary feeding decision-making which should be considered when designing interventions aimed at improving adherence to current maternal feeding guidelines.     

Determinants of participation in a health education and exercise program on television

BACKGROUND: The daily television program 'the Netherlands on the Move' (NOM-tv), which primarily targets people aged over 55 (estimated Dutch 55+ population: 4 million), was designed as part of a national campaign for promoting physical activity. The aim of the study was to identify the determinants of exercise participation and viewing NOM-tv. METHODS: The method used was baseline test by quota digit dialing in the country (n = 988, stratified age 35+ and 55+), and follow-up after 7 months (n = 362). The main outcome measures are: intention and actual participation in exercises. The determinants are: attitude, social influences, self-efficacy, age, sex, education, knowledge about the health effects of exercise, habits, stage of change in exercising, and perceived barriers. The backgrounds were: marital status, living situation, mental health and vitality. RESULTS: NOM-tv attracted at least 21% of the physically non-active people at baseline to viewing and increased knowledge. The best predictors of intention to participate were: attitude, social influences, self-efficacy, age and gender. Actual participation was best predicted by age (higher), gender (female), intention, knowledge, and the (lower) number of perceived barriers. CONCLUSIONS: NOM-tv is a successful (high number of viewers) and relatively cheap way of getting inactive, older people-especially women-to exercise.