胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞MMP-9表达与妊高征的关系

目的 :研究MMP 9在胎盘绒毛滋养层细胞的表达 ,探讨MMP 9在妊高征发病中的作用。方法 :用免疫组化两步法检测 42例妊高征患者及 2 5例正常妊娠者胎盘组织中滋养层细胞MMP 9的表达。结果 :正常妊娠组滋养细胞MMP 9表达阳性率为 72 0 % ,明显高于妊高征组 (4 0 5 % ) ,P <0 0 5。随妊高征病情的加重 ,MMP 9的表达有减少趋势。结论 :妊高征患者胎盘滋养细胞MMP 9的表达明显减少 ,且随其病情加重 ,MMP 9表达有减少趋势。表明MMP 9与妊高征的发生有密切关系。     

MMP-9及TIMP-1在妊娠高血压综合征患者母胎界面的表达及意义

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶(m atrix m etalloprote inases,MMP)-9及其组织抑制物(tissue inh ib itor of m etallo-prote inases,TIMP)-1在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者胎盘组织的表达情况及其与妊高征发病的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测48例妊高征(轻度10例、中重度38例)胎盘组织中MMP-9及TIMP-1的表达情况;同时做HE染色观察妊高征时胎盘的病理改变。结果:MMP-9、TIMP-1主要表达于滋养细胞、绒毛间质血管壁及蜕膜组织中。轻度妊高征MMP-9呈阳性表达,TIMP-1蛋白呈强阳性表达;中、重度妊高征MMP-9和TIMP-1蛋白均呈弱阳性表达,分别与正常妊娠和轻度妊高征相比表达均减弱,差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。中重度妊高征时胎盘组织绒毛数及间质血管数减少,出现典型的纤维素样坏死。结论:母胎界面MMP-9/TIMP-1表达异常与妊高征发病及胎盘病理改变的发生发展有关。     

妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中TGFβ1的表达及意义

目的探讨转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)在妊高征患者胎盘组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法采用免疫组化SABC法检测64例妊高征患者(轻度21例，中度20例，重度23例)胎盘组织中TGFβ1的表达，20例正常孕妇为对照组。结果(1)TGFβ1主要表达于胎盘绒毛滋养细胞及蜕膜细胞。(2)妊高征患者胎盘绒毛滋养细胞及蜕膜细胞TGFβ1的表达均明显增高，且随病情严重程度的增加而升高。(3)妊高征患者胎盘重量及新生儿体重与胎盘组织TGFβ1呈明显负相关。结论胎盘TGFβ1升高引起滋养细胞浸润不足，可能是妊高征的发病因素之一。     

核转录因子-kappa B在妊娠高血压综合征患者胎盘组织中的表达

目的:观察妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者胎盘滋养细胞中核转录因子-kappaB(NF-kB)的表达情况,探讨其在妊高征发病中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化法检测正常产妇及妊高征产妇胎盘组织中NF-kBp65的表达,并采用计算机图像分析系统进行定量分析。结果:①绒毛毛细血管内皮细胞中的表达:NF-kBp65主要表达于内皮细胞胞浆、胞核内,阳性率明显高于对照组(χ2=9.905,P=0.002),妊高征组间差异有显著性(χ2=7.580,P=0.023);妊高征组NF-kBp65表达强度明显高于对照组(P<0.001),且随着病情的加重逐渐增强,其组间比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。②胎盘滋养细胞中的表达:NF-kBp65表达于滋养细胞的胞浆和胞核内,妊高征组的阳性表达率明显高于对照组(χ2=8.479,P=0.014),其组间NF-kBp65阳性率随妊高征病情加重而增高,差异有显著性(χ2=8.479,P=0.014);妊高征组中NF-kBp65的表达强度明显高于对照组(P<0.001),且随着病情的加重其表达强度明显增强,组间比较差异有极显著性(P<0.01)。结论:妊高征患者胎盘血管内皮细胞及滋养细胞中NF-kB的表达较正常孕妇明显增强,且随病情加重而升高,可能在妊高征的发生发展中具有重要作用。     

妊高征患者胎盘床滋养细胞内皮素(ET-1)的表达与临床意义

目的:观察妊高征患者胎盘床浸润的滋养细胞内皮素(ET-1)的表达情况,探讨妊高征的发病机理。方法:收集正常妊娠病例30例,妊高征共70例,其中轻度30例,中度20例,重度20例,用免疫组化方法对妊高征和正常妊娠的胎盘床蜕膜段和肌层浸润的滋养细胞进行ET-1的标记。结果:ET-1在妊高征胎盘床蜕膜段浸润的滋养细胞的表达与正常妊娠无明显差别(P>0.05),ET-1在妊高征胎盘床肌层浸润的滋养细胞的表达明显高于正常妊娠(P<0.05)。讨论:妊高征时胎盘床肌层浸润的滋养细胞分泌的内皮素明显增多,提示妊高征的发生可能与肌层浸润的滋养细胞分泌的内皮素增多有关。     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1及CGRP的测定及意义

目的:检测妊娠期高血压疾病(妊高征)患者胎盘中神经肽Y(NPY)、内皮素-1(ET-1)及降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)的水平,观察三者在胎盘中的表达部位并探讨它们在妊高征发病中的作用。方法:用免疫组化法分别检测38例妊高征患者(其中子痫前期轻度20例、重度15例、子痫期3例)及32例正常足月妊娠患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1及CGRP的水平;同时观察NPY、ET-1水平与CGRP的相关关系。结果:妊高征组患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1在滋养细胞和血管内皮细胞都有表达,妊高征组患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1水平高于正常妊娠组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.01),而子痫期患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1水平又显著高于子痫前期轻、重度患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);妊高征组患者胎盘中CGRP水平低于正常妊娠组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。妊高征组患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1水平与CGRP水平呈负相关性。结论:NPY、ET-1在妊高征组患者胎盘滋养细胞及血管内皮细胞中都有表达;妊高征组患者胎盘中NPY、ET-1水平明显升高,且随着病情的加重,水平逐渐升高。     

正常妊娠及病理妊娠胎盘滋养细胞CD3的表达及其与FasL的表达的关系

[目的]研究胎盘滋养细胞CD3与FasL表达的相关性及其临床意义.[方法]采用免疫组织化学SP法检测52例正常妊娠及96例病理妊娠胎盘组织中CD3及FasL的表达.[结果]正常妊娠胎盘滋养细胞在表达FasL的同时,有CD3表达于细胞膜上,在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)、胎儿窘迫、早产3组患者胎盘滋养细胞中其强度与FasL的表达呈正相关.[结论]妊高征、胎儿窘迫、早产的胎盘绒毛发育不全、功能下降等一系列的免疫病理改变可能与胎盘滋养细胞表面CD3及FasL表达减少有关.     

病理妊娠胎盘滋养细胞FasL的表达

目的:比较正常妊娠与病理妊娠胎盘滋养细胞Fas L的表达,从免疫学角度分析病理妊娠的可能发病机制。方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测96例病理妊娠患者胎盘组织中FasL的表达,通过高清晰彩色病理免疫组化测量系统对其定量分析,取52例正常孕妇胎盘作对照进行比较。结果:病理妊娠组中妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)、胎儿窘迫、早产3组患者胎盘滋养细胞表面FasL表达面积明显低于正常组(P<0.01),且3组胎盘滋养细胞表面FasL表达强度(包括平均光度及积分光度)也明显低于正常组(P<0.01),但3组间差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。结论:妊高征、胎儿窘迫、早产的胎盘绒毛发育不全、功能下降等一系列的免疫病理改变可能与胎盘滋养细胞表面FasL表达减少有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制物在胎盘、血浆中的表达及其意义

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶及其组织抑制物在胎盘和妊娠期疾病患者血浆中的表达。方法:应用免疫组化方法检测60例胎盘(妊高征27例,糖尿病15例,胆汁淤积症7例,对照11例)中MMP-9及MMP-2、TIMP-1、TIMP-2和38例(妊高征27例,对照11例)血浆中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表达。结果:正常妊娠胎盘中MMP-9和MMP-2表达最为明显,而妊娠高血压和糖尿病患者MMP-9、MMP-2表达都偏低,且MMP-2更为显著,而胆汁淤积症患者,虽然MMP-9表达与正常胎盘中无差异,但MMP-2、TIMP-1、TIMP-2表达都明显偏低。妊高征患者血浆MMP-9水平显著低于正常对照组,血浆TIMP-1水平显著高于正常对照组,血浆MMP-9/TIMP-1比值显著低于正常对照组。结论:MMP-9、MMP-2、TIMP-1、TIMP-2的协同偏低表达与妊娠期高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症的发病有一定的关联性。     

基质金属蛋白酶在子(癎)前期胎盘组织中的表达意义

目的观察基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）和MMP-9在胎盘组织中表达,并探讨MMPs与子前期的关系。方法轻、重度子癎前期各10例为研究组,选取正常妊娠10例作为对照组。采用免疫组化SP法检测各组胎盘组织中MMP-2和MMP-9的表达。结果正常孕妇胎盘组织中见大量阳性细胞,主要为细胞滋养细胞与合体滋养细胞。子癎前期组MMP-2和MMP-9阳性细胞分布与正常孕妇组基本一致,但轻、重度子癎前期组阳性细胞数量明显减少,染色减弱;MMP-2和MMP-9的表达在正常孕妇组、轻度子癎前期组及重度子前期组依次降低,组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论与正常妊娠相比,妊娠晚期MMP-2和MMP-9在子癎前期胎盘的表达明显减少,胎盘中MMPs的表达可反映子前期的疾病严重程度。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.