钉棒系统与髋臼上外固定架在骨盆TileB1损伤模型中的生物力学比较

目的通过比较钉棒系统与髋臼上外固定架固定骨盆TileB1损伤模型的生物力学稳定性,为临床治疗选择更佳固定方式提供理论依据。方法取近期防腐的正常成人骨盆标本7具,保留从第5腰椎到股骨近端中上2／3的骨盆标本,保留双侧骶髂关节、双侧髋关节、双侧骶髂后韧带、双侧骶髂前韧带、双侧骶棘韧带、双侧骶结节韧带及完整的耻骨联合。将骨盆标本置于AGX生物力学实验机上,模拟人体正常双足站立中立位,由L5垂直向下加压至500N,依次测量下述4种情况下的耻骨联合位移：①完整骨盆;②耻骨联合切开,伴单侧骶棘韧带、骶结节韧带、骶髂前韧带切断,模拟骨盆水平旋转不稳定TileB1损伤：③钉棒系统固定骨盆TileB1损伤模型;,④髋臼上外固定架固定骨盆TileB1损伤模型。结果完整骨盆组的耻骨联合位移最小,为（0．125±0．024）mm。骨盆TileB1损伤模型无固定组的耻骨联合位移最大,为（4．589±0．366）mm。钉棒系统和髋臼上外固定架固定TileB1损伤模型,均可显著减少耻骨联合的分离,恢复部分骨盆环的力学稳定性。其中椎弓根钉棒系统固定的耻骨联合位移为（0．626±0．097）mm,髋臼上外固定架固定为（1．022±0．095）mm,两者之间存在统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论钉棒系统在骨盆TileB1损伤模型中的生物力学稳定性优于髋臼上外固定架,能有效恢复骨盆环的力学稳定性。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节损害的CT探讨(附75例报告)

目的　探讨强直性脊柱炎 (AS)患者髋关节损害的CT表现及其与骶髂关节损害的关系。方法　分析 75例AS患者髋关节损害的CT表现 ,并与骶髂关节损害对照。结果　 75例均有骶髂关节损害。骶髂关节炎Ⅱ级中髋关节损害为 5 6.4% ,Ⅲ级中髋关节损害为 73 .8% ,Ⅳ级中髋关节损害为 10 0 %。髋关节损害主要为股骨头增生硬化 ;髋臼增生硬化 ;髋关节间隙狭窄 ,关节面不光整。结论　髋关节损害与骶髂关节损害程度呈正相关 ,晚期髋关节损害重于骶髂关节 ,髋关节各部损害程度股骨头 >髋臼 >髋关节间隙     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT表现特点

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的CT特点,协助临床评估病变程度,以提高其鉴别诊断水平。资料与方法回顾性分析68例AS患者的骶髂关节CT表现特点。结果AS骶髂关节CT表现特点为病变累及骶髂关节滑膜部髂骨侧为主,软骨钙化、关节间隙改变、关节面及面下骨结构改变以及骶髂韧带钙化。结论AS骶髂关节CT表现多种多样,但有一定的规律性。     

邻近骶髂关节原发恶性骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯的MRI研究

目的 观察邻近骶髂关节的骨原发恶性肿瘤跨关节侵犯的MRI表现,比较不同部位、病理类型和分级的恶性骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯的发生率及侵犯方式之间是否存在差异性.方法 分析2004年1月至2015年6月间经手术病理证实的93例邻近骶髂关节的髂骨(69例)和骶骨(24例)原发恶性骨肿瘤患者的临床及MRI资料,男60例,女33例,年龄4 ～ 74岁,平均32岁,包括普通型骨肉瘤29例,尤文肉瘤16例,中央型软骨肉瘤35例,脊索瘤13例.按病理恶性程度分为恶性程度较高肿瘤组和恶性程度较低肿瘤组.跨骶髂关节侵犯分为经韧带连结、经关节软骨和经关节周围三种方式,多种方式并存出现者按每种方式分别计数1次.数据处理采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计学分析.结果 邻近骶髂关节的骨原发恶性肿瘤跨骶髂关节侵犯27例,包括骨肉瘤15例(51.7％),尤文肉瘤7例(43.8％),软骨肉瘤4例(11.4％)和脊索瘤1例(7.7％).髂骨和骶骨原发恶性骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯发生率之间的差异无统计学意义(x2值=1.06,P＞0.05).恶性程度较高肿瘤组和恶性程度较低肿瘤组间跨关节侵犯的差异具有统计学意义(x2值=16.68,P ＜0.01).27例肿瘤经韧带连结25次、经关节软骨13次和经关节周围5次方式跨骶髂关节侵犯,此三种侵犯方式的几率之间差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),恶性程度较高肿瘤组与恶性程度较低肿瘤组间的三种方式跨关节侵犯的几率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MRI对显示邻近骶髂关节的骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯具有非常高的敏感性.邻近骶髂关节的髂骨和骶骨原发恶性骨肿瘤跨骶髂关节侵犯发生率无明显差异,普通型骨肉瘤和尤文肉瘤跨骶髂关节侵犯率明显高于恶性程度较低的中央型软骨肉瘤和脊索瘤.骨肿瘤多经韧带连结跨关节侵犯,其跨关节侵犯方式与肿瘤恶性程度无关.     

骶髂螺钉不同进针点置钉对骨盆外旋不稳定的生物力学影响

目的 测量骶髂螺钉不同进针点置钉对骨盆外旋不稳定的生物力学影响,为临床应用提供试验依据.方法 10具新鲜冰冻成人骨盆标本,骶髂关节拉力螺钉经进针点B(髂后下棘前2.5 cm与坐骨大切迹上4.0 cm的交点)、A(B点同一水平面前方1.0 cm)、C(B点同一水平面后方1.0 cm)固定骶髂关节.测量骶髂关节前韧带完整组、A进针点组、B进针点组、C进针点组在相同外旋应力下骶髂关节、耻骨联合的分离距离,从而比较不同进针点的固定强度.结果 在对抗外旋力上,韧带完整组、C进针点组与A/B组差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);A、B进针点组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).在骶髂关节稳定性上,除韧带完整组、B进针点组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,余各组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对骶髂关节稳定性B进针点更为优越,更为安全、有效.     

多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT在强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的应用价值。方法:56例临床确诊为强直性脊柱炎患者行骶髂关节多层螺旋CT检查,观察骶髂关节病变的CT表现及影像学特征。结果:强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的多层螺旋CT表现特征为病变主要累及骶髂关节的髂骨侧,表现为关节软骨钙化、关节面毛糙、骨性关节面下多发小囊状骨质吸收、破坏伴不同程度骨质增生硬化,骶髂关节间隙狭窄、消失、关节骨性融合及骶髂韧带钙化等。结论:多层螺旋CT对强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节病变的诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT在评价强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变中的价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)之骶髂关节病变的MSCT表现特点,以提高诊断与鉴别诊断水平。方法78例临床确诊为强直性脊柱炎患者的骶髂关节行MSCT扫描,并进行横断位、冠状位或前倾冠状位后处理多平面重组图像。对骶髂关节CT表现特点进行回顾性分析。结果强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节MSCT表现特点为病变主要累及骶髂关节滑膜部的髂骨侧,常见关节软骨钙化、关节间隙改变、关节面毛糙、面下骨硬化或吸收及骶髂韧带钙化等改变。结论MSCT扫描对AS骶髂关节病变的诊断与鉴别诊断具有很大的价值。     

正常人髋臼-软骨-股骨头三维有限元模型的建立

目的 建立正常人髋臼-软骨-股骨头三维有限元模型,为股骨头坏死的生物力学研究奠定基础.方法 ①选择1例健康志愿者,进行髋关节冠状MRI扫描,用MATLAB和ANSYS软件进行图像分析,建立正常人髋臼-软骨-股骨头三维几何模型.②分别对髋臼-软骨-股骨头几何模型的不同结构赋予相应的材料参数,并经ANSYS软件划分网格,建立髋臼-软骨-股骨头有限元模型.③在该模型上模拟人体站立状态,设置边界条件和加载条件,执行计算.与临床文献进行对照,验证模型的有效性.结果 利用正常人髋关节MR影像,建立了髋臼-软骨-股骨头正交各向异性三维有限元模型,共89961个节点,448159个单元.计算结果最大位移发生在股骨头,最大应力发生在股骨颈.与文献及实际情况相吻合.结论基于髋关节MR影像的三维有限元模型几何相似性好,分析结果可信,所建立的髋臼-软骨-股骨头三维有限元模型可进行股骨头的生物力学研究.     

影像学对强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的诊断价值

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)骶髂关节改变的影像学诊断价值。方法回顾性分析98例经临床证实的AS患者的骶髂关节CR、CT及MRI表现特点,包括分级、部位和数量、钙化、关节间隙变化及关节面下骨质改变等。结果AS骶髂关节病变的CR正位及斜位片显示:骶髂关节间隙变窄67例,关节面致密硬化22例,囊变15例,关节强直17例,钙化38例;CT显示:病变主要累及骶髂关节滑膜部髂骨侧,软骨钙化55例,关节间隙变窄42例,关节面及面下骨质结构囊变43例,硬化65例,骶髂韧带钙化52例;MRI显示:关节软骨破坏40例,病变区周围水肿57例,骨内脂肪沉积15例。结论对AS骶髂关节的检查,CR为最基本的方法,CT对AS的分级较准确,而MRI对AS骶髂关节病变可做出早期诊断。     

邻近骶髂关节原发恶性骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯的MRI研究

目的 观察邻近骶髂关节的骨原发恶性肿瘤跨关节侵犯的MRI表现,比较不同部位、病理类型和分级的恶性骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯的发生率及侵犯方式之间是否存在差异性. 方法 分析2004年1月至2015年6月本院经手术病理证实的93例邻近骶髂关节的髂骨(69例)和骶骨(24例)原发恶性骨肿瘤患者的临床、MRI资料,男60例,女33例,年龄4 ～ 74岁,平均32岁,包括普通型骨肉瘤29例,尤文肉瘤16例,中央型软骨肉瘤35例,脊索瘤13例.按病理分级分为恶性程度较高肿瘤组和恶性程度较低肿瘤组.跨骶髂关节侵犯分为经韧带连接、经关节软骨和经关节周围三种方式,多种方式并存出现者按每种方式分别计数1次.数据处理采用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行统计学分析.结果 邻近骶髂关节的骨原发恶性肿瘤跨骶髂关节侵犯27例,包括骨肉瘤15例,尤文肉瘤7例,软骨肉瘤4例和脊索瘤1例.髂骨和骶骨跨关节侵犯发生率的差异无统计学意义(x2值=1.06,P＞0.05).恶性程度较高肿瘤组和恶性程度较低肿瘤组间跨关节侵犯的差异具有统计学意义(x2值=16.68,P＜0.01).27例中,肿瘤经韧带连接25次、经关节软骨13次和经关节周围5次跨骶髂关节侵犯,三种侵犯方式的发生率差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),恶性程度较高肿瘤组与恶性程度较低肿瘤组间三种方式跨关节侵犯的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 MRI对显示邻近骶髂关节的骨肿瘤跨关节侵犯具有非常高的敏感性.邻近骶髂关节的髂骨和骶骨原发恶性骨肿瘤跨骶髂关节侵犯发生率无明显差异,普通型骨肉瘤和尤文肉瘤跨骶髂关节侵犯发生率明显高于恶性程度较低的中央型软骨肉瘤和脊索瘤.骨肿瘤多经韧带连接跨关节侵犯,其跨关节侵犯方式与肿瘤恶性程度无关.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.