社会关系质量在乳腺癌幸存者病耻感与社交回避及苦恼间的中介效应

目的 探讨乳腺癌幸存者社会关系质量在病耻感与社交回避及苦恼间的中介效应。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取于2019年5—9月在山东第一医科大学附属肿瘤医院、山东中医药大学附属医院乳腺外科门诊及病房复诊的228例乳腺癌幸存者作为研究对象,采用一般情况调查表、社会影响量表、社会关系质量量表和社交回避及苦恼量表对其进行调查,采用结构方程模型检验社会关系质量在病耻感与社交回避及苦恼间的中介效应。结果 乳腺癌幸存者病耻感、社会关系质量、社交回避及苦恼总分分别为（56.63±9.68）分、（50.53±6.08）分、（9.39±6.63）分;社会关系质量与病耻感、社交回避及苦恼总分均呈负相关（r=-0.463,-0.552;P<0.01）,病耻感与社交回避及苦恼总分呈正相关（r=0.532,P<0.01）;结构方程模型结果显示,病耻感对社交回避及苦恼有直接（正向）效应（β=0.421,P<0.01）,社会关系质量对社交回避及苦恼有直接（负向）效应（β=-0.404,P<0.01）,社会关系质量在病耻感与社交回避及苦恼之间起部分中介效应（β=0.211,P<0.01）。结论 乳腺癌幸存者社交回避及苦恼处于中等水平,社会关系质量在病耻感与社交回避及苦恼间起部分中介效应。建议在改善乳腺癌幸存者社交状况的干预工作中应重视社会关系质量的影响,以增强该人群的社会关系质量为依托,减轻病耻感,促进其社会交往。     

高原环境对领悟社会支持及社交回避与苦恼的影响

目的探索高原环境对领悟社会支持及社交回避与苦恼的影响。方法采用领悟社会支持量表（multidimensional scale of perceived social support，MSPSS）及社交回避及苦恼量表（social avoidance and distress scale，SADS）对1325名在高原环境生活1年以上的青年（高原组）和1181名生活在内地的青年（内地组）进行测查比较分析。结果高原组SADS总分、回避因子、焦虑因子得分均高于内地组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；而内地组MSPSS得分高于高原组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。高原组各量表相关分析显示，MSPSS及各因子测查结果与SADS及各因子测查结果呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论生活在高原环境的青年领悟到的社会支持低，在社交方面回避倾向及内心苦恼的感受较为严重。     

银屑病患者社交回避及苦恼与应对方式社会支持相关性的研究

目的了解银屑病患者社交回避及苦恼与应对方式和社会支持的一般状况及其相关性。方法运用一般资料问卷、特质应对方式问卷、社会支持量表、社交回避及苦恼量表,对2012年3—10月住院的102例银屑病患者进行问卷调查,采用Pearson相关性分析法进行相关性分析。结果银屑病患者社交回避及苦恼得分为(14.20±7.17)分,显著高于常模(P0.01),消极应对得分与社交回避及苦恼总分呈正相关(r=0.377,P0.01);社会支持总分以及积极应对、主观支持、客观支持、支持利用度的得分与社交回避及苦恼总分呈负相关(r分别为-0.394、-0.217、-0.291、-0.449、-0.196,P0.01或P0.05)。结论银屑病患者的应对方式和社会支持与患者社交回避及苦恼密切相关,应鼓励患者采取积极应对的方式并增强其社会支持系统,从而改善患者的社交回避及苦恼。     

不孕症患者社交回避及苦恼现状及其影响因素分析

目的 探讨不孕症患者的社交回避及苦恼现状并分析其影响因素，旨在为其制订有效的干预措施提供理论依据。方法 2021年9-12月，采用便利抽样法选取在兰州市某三级甲等综合医院生殖医学中心行体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF-ET)的不孕症患者345例为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、社交回避及苦恼量表、不孕症病耻感量表、自尊量表、心理弹性量表对其进行横断面调查。结果 345例不孕症患者的社交回避及苦恼、病耻感、自尊、心理弹性得分分别为(13.97±5.45)分、(71.87±17.02)分、(26.93±4.44)分、(58.08±12.49)分。不同居住地、文化程度、职业、家庭人均月收入、与丈夫的关系、来自他人的压力的不孕症患者其社交回避及苦恼得分差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);文化程度、病耻感、自尊是不孕症患者社交回避及苦恼的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 不孕症患者社交回避及苦恼处于中等水平。医护人员应该引导患者进行自我接纳，提高其自尊水平和社交积极性，改善其社交回避及苦恼水平。     

精神分裂症患者感知病耻感及与社会支持的相关研究

目的探讨精神分裂症患者的感知病耻感状况, 分析精神分裂症患者感知病耻感与社会支持之间的关系。方法运用Link 贬低-歧视感知量表 (Perceived Devaluation-Discrim-ination)、社会支持评定量表 (Social support Scale)对山东省某精神病院 208 例精神分裂症患者进行调查。结果精神分裂症患者的贬低-歧视感知得分为(2.63 ± 0.31)分,与量表中点 2.50 比较,差异具有统计学意义(P< 0.01)。不同婚姻状况、发病情况、病程、入院次数的患者,其感知病耻感比较,差异具有统计学意义(均 P < 0.01)。感知病耻感与社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度均呈负相关(均 P < 0.05)。结论精神分裂症患者具有较严重的感知病耻感,婚姻状况不良、病情复发、病程长、多次入院者尤为严重;患者感知病耻感程度与社会支持不足有关。应对精神分裂症患者的感知病耻感予以充分重视,消除人们对精神分裂症患者的歧视和偏见; 提高患者社会支持的利用度,促进患者全面康复。     

导致飞行员社交回避及苦恼的心理多因素分析

目的 分析导致飞行员社交回避及苦恼的心理社会因素.方法 对458名飞行员进行社交回避及苦恼量表、症状自评量表、艾森克人格问卷、特质应对问卷、领悟社会支持量表、生活事件量表测评.数据采用SPSS 10.0作相关、多因素回归分析.结果 飞行员社交回避及苦恼与心理健康水平、个性、特质应对、社会支持、生活事件有显著相关性,运输机飞行员社交回避及苦恼均显著大于其他机种飞行员,疾病组社交苦恼明显大于健康组.多元回归分析显示,内外向、消极应对方式和神经质对社交回避行为的贡献最大(标准回归系数依次为-0.544、0.221、-0.220);消极应对方式、内外向和人际关系对社交苦恼情感的贡献最大(标准回归系数依次为0.634、-0.257、0.230).结论 对于存在社交回避及苦恼的飞行员开展心理咨询和治疗时,应该将个性、特质应对、心理健康水平、生活事件等心理社会因素纳入体系,同时要关注运输机飞行员、患病飞行员这方面的问题.     

慢性乙型肝炎病人病耻感与社会支持的相关性研究

[目的]探讨慢性乙型肝炎病人病耻感状况及其与社会支持的相关性。[方法]采用一般人口学资料、乙型肝炎歧视感知量表、社会支持评定量表(SRSS)对126例慢性乙型肝炎病人进行问卷调查。[结果]慢性乙型肝炎病人歧视感知量表得分为(24.28±4.47)分,社会支持评定量表得分为(39.93±8.60)分;乙型肝炎歧视感知量表总分与社会支持量表总分、主观支持、客观支持、对支持利用度均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.405,-0.377,-0.305和-0.242)。[结论]慢性乙型肝炎病人中存在有病耻感,病耻感与社会支持呈负相关,提示提高病人的社会支持水平有利于降低其病耻感,促进康复。     

精神分裂症患者病耻感人格特征与社会支持的关系

目的 了解精神分裂症患者病耻感与其人格特征的关系,探讨社会支持在人格特征与病耻感中的中介作用.方法 对170例康复期精神分裂症患者采用病耻感系列量表、艾森克人格问卷和社会支持问卷进行测评分析.结果 (1)精神分裂症患者病耻感水平普遍较高,病耻感系列量表的歧视-感知、病耻感应对、病耻感情感体验分量表评分与艾森克人格问卷的神经质、精神质维度分呈显著正相关(P＜o.01),与内外倾性维度分、社会支持问卷评分呈显著负相关(P＜0.05或0.01);神经质、精神质维度分与社会支持问卷评分呈显著负相关(P＜0.01).(2)精神分裂症患者精神质、内外倾性维度分能够预测病耻感系列量表的歧视-感知、病耻感应对、病耻感情感体验分量表评分,神经质维度分能够预测歧视-感知和病耻感应对分量表评分.(3)社会支持能够部分中介神经质、精神质对精神分裂症患者贬低-歧视感知和病耻感应对的影响,且能够部分中介精神质对患者病耻感情感体验的影响.结论 精神分裂症患者病耻感较高,人格特征是其重要影响因素,社会支持在人格特征对病耻感的影响中起部分中介作用.     

人际信任与护生社交回避及苦恼的相关性研究

[目的]探索护生人际信任与社交回避及苦恼的关系.[方法]以社交回避及苦恼量表(SADS) 和Rotter的人际信任量表对111名护生进行调查.[结果]社交苦恼量表得分三年级显著高于一年级(P<0.01),社交回避量表得分一年级显著高于三年级(P<0.01).人际信任量表得分一年级显著高于三年级(P<0.05).贫困生社交苦恼量表得分高于非贫困生(P＜0.05).人际信任量表得分与社交苦恼量表得分呈负相关(r=-0.223,P<0.05).[结论]护生在社交方面存在一定程度的社交困难,三年级护生与贫困生更易产生社交苦恼与焦虑,新生更易出现社交回避行为,社交苦恼得分越高人际信任度越低.     

Nursing students' perceived stress,social support,self-efficacy,resilience, mindfulness and psychological well-being: A structural equation model

Nursing students' stress, protective factors (e.g. resilience, social support, mindfulness and self-efficacy) and psychological well-being (PWB) have been well reported in the literature. However, the interactions of these variables were scarcely examined in the latter part of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the context of a developing country. This cross-sectional correlational study complying with STROBE guidelines tested a hypothetical model of the interrelationships of nursing students' stress, protective factors and PWB using structural equation modelling (SEM). Nursing students (n = 776) from five nursing schools in the Philippines were conveniently recruited from September 2022 to January 2023. Six validated self-report scales (Perceived Stress Scale, Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Psychological Wellbeing Scale) were used to collect data. SEM, mediation analyses and path analyses were used for data analysis. The emerging model demonstrated acceptable model fit parameters. Stress negatively impacted protective factors, while all the protective factors positively influenced PWB. Social support mediated the influence of stress on resilience, mindfulness and PWB. Resilience is a significant mediator of stress, self-efficacy, social support and PWB. Mindfulness mediated the influence of stress, social support and self-efficacy on PWB. Finally, self-efficacy had a mediating role between resilience and mindfulness. Nursing institutions and nurse educators can use the proposed model as their basis for empirical and theoretical evidence in creating programmes that will strengthen nursing students' protective factors, thus reducing stress while improving PWB and learning outcomes.     

Stress, social support, and psychological distress of family caregivers of the elderly

The effects of stress and social support and their interaction with the psychological well-being of 87 family caregivers of impaired elderly were examined. Perceived stress and satisfaction with support accounted for 32% to 36% of the variance in psychological distress or depression, p less than .001; however, when characteristics of the caregiver situation were included in the models, the effects of perceived stress were found to be spurious. The revised models accounted for 44% to 48% of the variance in psychological distress or depression, p less than .000, and included years of caregiving and mental impairment of the elder instead of perceived stress. Although there were no buffering effects for social support, main effects accounted for 19% to 22% of the variance in psychological distress or depression. The findings indicate that caregivers who are caring for a mentally impaired elder, who have been providing care for an extended time, and who have low social support are at high risk for psychological distress or depression.     

住院精神分裂症患者社会支持现状及对支持系统需求的质性研究

目的:探讨住院精神分裂症患者社会支持现状及对支持系统需求的质性研究。方法:回顾性选取2018年1月至2020年1月德州市第二人民医院收治的住院精神分裂症患者168例为研究对象,采用调查问卷、社会支持评定量表对研究对象的社会支持现状进行调查,以访谈形式、质性研究工具对研究对象的支持系统需求进行质性研究。结果:通过对168...     

精神科住院患者社会支持与住院舒适度相关性分析

目的：探讨精神科住院患者社会支持水平与住院舒适度的相关性。方法采用社会支持评定量表和舒适状况量表对我院150例住院精神病患者进行问卷调查。结果入组患者社会支持总分10分—63分,平均（38．2±0．92）分,处于较低支持水平;主观支持总均分（20．89±2．38）分,客观支持总均分（8．59±0．06）分,社会利用度总均分（8．53±0．27）分;患者处于低度舒适7例（4．8％）,处于中度舒适127例（87．6％）,处于高度舒适11例（7．6％）;社会支持与舒适度具有相关性（ r＝‐0．44,P＜0．01）。结论精神科住院患者社会支持处于较低水平,社会支持与舒适度呈负相关。     

Symptoms, psychological distress, social support, and quality of life of Chinese patients newly diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancer

This study aims to describe symptoms, psychological distress, social support, and quality of life of Chinese patients newly diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer, and to identify the extent to which demographic, physical, and psychosocial factors predict their quality of life. A convenience sample of 146 newly diagnosed GIT cancer patients recruited from 3 major hospitals in Shanghai completed a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to obtain demographic and medical data and measures of symptoms, psychological distress, social support, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and global quality of life (GQoL). Measures developed in English were translated into Chinese using the procedure advocated by WHO. The results showed that the most common signs and symptoms reported were fatigue, pain, and weight loss; 28% of the patients were depressed; and overall, patients had a moderate quality of life. Comparative analyses found some difference on measures for demographic and diagnostic subgroups. Depression, symptom distress, and social support accounted for 44% of the total variance for HRQoL, while perceived financial difficulty and symptom distress accounted for 20% of the total variance for GQoL. Findings from this research give insights into the importance of quality of life assessment, symptom management, and intervention to improve the quality of life of Chinese cancer patients. It also raises questions about measures of quality of life that are culturally relevant.     

Associations between social support,prevalent symptoms and health-related quality of life in Chinese women undergoing treatment for breast cancer: A cross-sectional study using structural equation modelling

BackgroundThere is little in the literature exploring the inter-relationship of social support, prevalent symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among breast cancer patients. This study examines the inter-relationships among the three variables using the ‘Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms’ as a framework.Methods279 Chinese breast cancer patients undergoing treatment were recruited for face-to-face interviews. The instruments used were Chinese versions of the Brief Fatigue Inventory, Brief Pain Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy for Breast Cancer.ResultsGoodness-of-fit and misfit indices were obtained for the final model (SRMR = 0.034, robust RMSEA = 0.051 and robust CFI = 0.981), and the results showed that social support had large total effects on social/family (total effect = 0.704, P < 0.05) and functional well-being (total effect = 0.450, P < 0.05), but a minimal effect on the breast cancer scale (total effect = 0.036, P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe inter-relationships among the three variables give us a better understanding of breast cancer patients' experience and provide guidance for developing effective strategies to improve their HRQoL and relieving unpleasant symptoms.     

住院精神分裂症患者家庭负担与社会支持相关性研究

目的：探讨住院精神分裂症患者的家庭负担与社会支持的相关性。方法对300名精神分裂症患者家属采用一般情况调查表、疾病家庭负担量表和社会支持评定量表进行测评分析。结果精神分裂症患者家属疾病家庭负担量表总分阳性率为100％,其中主观感受、家庭生活、家庭娱乐、心理健康4个因子阳性率≥78．0％。疾病家庭负担量表总分方面,自费患者家属显著高于医保患者家属（P＜0．01）,患者父母、配偶显著高于其他亲属（P＜0．01）。相关分析显示,患者家属社会支持评定量表总分与疾病家庭负担量表总分呈显著负相关（P＜0．01）。结论精神分裂症患者普遍存在不同程度的家庭负担,患者家属获得的社会支持越高,其家庭负担越轻。