扩散加权成像作为评价前列腺癌骨转移治疗反应的生物标志物:初步研究

正摘要目的探讨全身扩散加权成像(DWI)评估转移性去势抵抗前列腺癌(m CRPC)病人骨转移治疗后反应的有效性。材料与方法 m CRPC的多聚-(腺苷二磷酸-核糖)聚合酶抑制剂奥拉帕尼的Ⅱ期前瞻性临床试验中包括前瞻性MR成像的分项研究;这项研究由机构伦理委员会批准,并获得书面知情同意书。于基线和使用奥拉帕尼12周后,在1.5 T MR上进行全身DWI检查。描绘出与骨转移部位一致的DWI影像异常信号强度区域,计算总扩散体积(t DV);并对5个靶     

星点设计-效应面法优化淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒制备工艺

目的采用星点设计-效应面法优化淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒制备工艺。方法采用高压乳匀法制备淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒,考察卵磷脂,F68,投药量对包封率,载药量以及药物利用率的影响,应用星点设计-效应面法优化处方工艺。结果采用二项式方程拟合实验结果,相关性较好(r>0.9),采用优化后处方条件对预测值进行验证,包封率为(93.09±0.13)%,载药量为(6.34±0.18)%,药物利用率为(84.53±2.45)%,与预测值偏差较小。结论采用星点设计-效应面法优化淫羊藿苷固体脂质纳米粒处方工艺,快速简单,预测准确度高,是较为理想的处方设计及优化方法。     

大蒜油固体脂质纳米粒的制备工艺研究

目的制备大蒜油固体脂质纳米粒,考察主要影响因素。方法采用高压匀质法和熔融乳化-超声法制备大蒜油固体脂质纳米粒混悬液。以单因素考察影响制备大蒜油固体脂质纳米粒的处方和工艺因素,通过正交设计优化最优处方。结果所得纳米粒为圆整的类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为(106.5±40.3)、(152.3±52.5)nm,包封率为98.6%、98.3%。结论采用高压匀质法和熔融乳化-超声法制备大蒜油固体脂质纳米粒方法是可行的。     

PEG表面修饰黄芩苷脂质体制备工艺研究

目的：通过优化手段筛选最佳处方及工艺，并制备PEG表面修饰黄芩苷脂质体。方法：在建立黄芩苷含量测定方法基础上，通过HPLC法、显微镜法、激光散射法等定性及定量方法考察脂质体的包封率、微粒外观、粒径及其分布等指标，首先单因素对脂质体制备方法、表面活性剂种类、类脂组成比，以及药物使用量进行筛选，确定影响制备脂质体的主要因素，然后采用正交试验法优化黄芩苷脂质体的处方组成及制备工艺。结果：优化后的脂质体其包封率在95．0％以上，50．0％体积径D(0．5)为2．358／μm，体积粒径范围在1．173-12．022μm，占总数98．52％，粒径跨度为0．887。电镜照片显示，脂质体外观圆整而均匀。结论：优化方法科学、可靠，脂质体制备工艺合理。     

盐酸罗哌卡因纳米结构脂质载体的制备和质量评价

目的 制备包载盐酸罗哌卡因的纳米结构脂质载体(RP-NLC)并对其进行质量评价.方法 采用熔融-超声法制备RP-NLC,通过正交实验优化RP-NLC处方,并对优化后的处方进行质量评价.结果 RP-NLC外观呈类球形,粒径(117.36±12.27)nm,多聚分散度(PDI)为0.275±0.032,粒径分布均一,包封率...     

脂蛋白在药物递送中的应用研究进展

脂蛋白是脂质?蛋白质类球形大分子复合物,在控制脂质代谢中起主要作用,可用于治疗剂的靶向输送.近年来,随着纳米药物的不断创新,脂蛋白被应用到不同的药物递送系统中,靶向递送脂溶性化疗药物是近年来兴起的一种极具发展潜力的药物递送载体.该文对脂蛋白的分类、特点和不同类型脂蛋白作为纳米药物递送载体的研究进展进行了综述.     

促黄体激素释放激素a(LHRHa)靶向鸦胆子油脂质体的制备及质量评价

目的 制备促黄体激素释放激素a(LHRHa)靶向鸦胆子油脂质体并评价其质量.方法 采用薄膜分散法结合生物素-链霉亲和素桥接法制备LHRHa靶向鸦胆子油脂质体,正交设计优选处方,透射电镜下观察脂质体形态,采用Zetasizer Nano ZS分析仪测定脂质体粒径、Zeta电位,葡聚糖凝胶柱层析结合分光光度法测定包封率,通过离心加速实验及渗漏率考察脂质体稳定性,体外细胞实验鉴定脂质体靶向性.结果 所得优化处方为磷脂与胆固醇比4∶1,药物与脂质比3∶10,DSPE-PEG-Biotin与卵磷脂质量比为3％,超声乳化时间为8min.按此处方制备的脂质体形态圆整,粒径为155.1±14.5nm,Zeta电位为-24.1±0.54mV,平均包封率达92.2％,对卵巢癌A2780/DDP细胞的亲和力约为普通脂质体的2.7倍.结论 LHRHa靶向鸦胆子油脂质体制备工艺可行,同时具有包封率高、稳定性及靶向性良好等优点.     

盐酸表柔比星长循环热敏冻干脂质体的处方工艺研究与体外释药机制探讨

目的研究盐酸表柔比星长循环热敏冻干脂质体（EPI-LTSL）的处方工艺,并探讨其体外释药机制。方法pH梯度法制备EPI-LTSL并进行冷冻干燥,正交试验优化处方,单因素试验优化工艺。通过观察不同温度下EPI在不同介质中形成沉淀的性状,探索EPI-LTSL的体外释药机制。结果最佳处方及工艺为药脂比1∶10,DPPC/MSPC为82∶8,水化介质为250mmol/L柠檬酸盐（pH4.0）。空白脂质体经15000psi（103MPa）高压均质循环5～6次,100nm聚碳酸酯膜挤压过膜3次;调节脂质体外相pH后,35℃水浴20min载药。冻干脂质体内外相乳糖浓度为9%,采用中速预冻（-65℃）及缓慢的解吸干燥可以制备较好的冻干品。EPI与柠檬酸盐形成的沉淀在42℃可以完全溶解,而在25℃成絮状或片状沉淀。结论制备的EPI-LTSL载药量和包封率较高,粒径较小。冻干脂质体外观平整,内部疏松多孔,色泽鲜亮,复水迅速且粒径变化较小。以柠檬酸盐为水化介质制备的EPI-LTSL,在25℃时包载于脂质体内相的EPI以沉淀稳定存在,而在42℃时可完全溶解释放出来。     

脑源性神经营养因子PLGA纳米粒的处方工艺研究

目的制备脑源性神经营养因子聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒,使用星点设计-效应面法对处方工艺进行优化筛选。方法以生物降解型聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物为载体材料,采用复乳化溶剂挥干法制备脑源性神经营养因子PL-GA纳米粒。观察纳米粒的形态、大小和粒径分布。以PLGA的用量及形成复乳时PVA含量为考察因素,体外释放为评价指标,用线性方程和二次及三次多项式描述体外释放和两个影响因素之间的数学关系,根据最佳数学模型描绘效应面,选择最佳处方,并进行预测分析。结果各指标的三项式拟合方程均优于多元线形回归方程,建立的数学模型的预测值与实际值符合较好。结论用星点设计-效应面法优化处方工艺预测性良好。     

法可林的合成研究

目的 优化白内障药物法可林1的合成工艺,以用于工业化生产.方法 以O-苯二胺为起始原料,经缩合反应、磺化反应制得目标产物法可林1.结果 对反应物配比、催化剂选择、反应温度及时间等因素进行了优化研究,使得该合成反应条件温和,后处理简单,总收率达40.7%,文献收率为24.8%.结论 结构经1H-NMR、MS确证,优化后的工艺更适合工业化生产.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.