阵发性房颤患者心电图P波形态的分析

目的 探讨体表心电图P波形态与阵发性心房颤动(PAF)的关系.方法 选择52例非瓣膜性阵发性房颤患者及47例无PAF的对照组患者,测定窦性心律时12导联心电图P波离散度(Pd),最大P波时限( Pmax),V1导联P波终末电势(Ptfv1)及aVR导联P波面积和振幅,超声心动图测定左房内径(LAD)、左室舒张末期内径(...     

P波心电参数变化与心房颤动发生相关性的研究进展

心房颤动(AF)是一种因心房不协调活动导致心房机械功能恶化为特征的心律失常,与心血管、血栓栓塞事件及较高的病死率密切相关.体表心电图是临床中最常用的无创性辅助检查手段,利用心电图可获得的P波离散度、P波终末电势、P波电轴等传统P波心电参数对AF的发生有良好的预测作用.P波峰值时限是新近提出心电参数概念,其在预测AF发生...     

不同左心房内径患者心电图P波特征指标与阵发性房颤发生的相关性

目的 探究不同左心房内径(left atrial diameter,LAD)患者心电图P波特征指标与阵发性房颤(paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,PAF)发生的相关性.方法 选取75例PAF患者(房颤组),根据LAD分为房颤A组(LAD≥40 mm,16例)、房颤B组(35 mm≤LAD<40 mm,25例)和房颤C组(LAD<35 mm,34例);另选取同期于本院体检的30例非PAF人群作为对照组.对上述各组均进行心电图检查,比较房颤组和对照组最小P波时限(minimum P-wave duration,Pmin)、最大P波时限(maximum P-wave duration,Pmax)、V1导联P波终末电势(P-wave terminal force in lead V1,PtfV1);比较房颤组组内A、B、C 3个亚组Pmin、Pmax、PtfV1.采用Pearson相关系数分析患者不同LAD心电图P波特征与PAF发生的相关性.采用ROC曲线评价患者心电图P波特征对PAF的诊断价值.结果 与对照组比较,房颤组Pmin显著降低,Pmax、PtfV1明显升高(P均<0.05).房颤组内3个亚组间Pmin随着LAD的增大而逐渐减小,Pmax、PtfV1随着LAD的增大而逐渐增大(P<0.05);不同LAD PAF患者Pmin与LAD呈负相关,Pmax、PtfV1与LAD呈正相关(P<0.05).Pmin、Pmax、PtfV1联合检测诊断PAF的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、ROC曲线下面积均显著高于单一指标检测(P<0.05).结论 不同LAD患者心电图P波特征与PAF的发生密切相关.     

V_1导联P波终末电势对急性心肌梗塞病情估计的意义

对已确诊的８８例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）患者发病２４小时、２周和４周时ＥＣＧ的Ｖ１导联Ｐ波终末电势（Ｐｔｆ－Ｖ１）进行对比分析，发现总的异常检出率达７６．１４％，其中第２周异常最多且负值最大；心功能失代偿组异常检出率显著高于代偿组，其负值随心力衰竭加重而增大并有早期（２４小时）异常之趋势。提示Ｐｔｆ－ｖ１早期及动态检测对ＡＭＩ病情估计有意义。     

P波离散度在特发性阵发性房颤预测中的应用

心房颤动（atrial fibrillation,AF）是临床上常见的心律失常。特发性阵发性房颤（idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation,IPAF）若频繁发作可以演变为永久性房颤,影响心功能并导致血管栓塞的危险增加。因此,寻找IPAF的预测指标具有重要临床意义。本文旨在评价P波离散度（P—wave dispersion,Pd）对IPAF发生的预测价值。     

急性心肌梗死早期P波离散度、P波终末电势与左心室功能的关系

特殊的解剖学和生理学基础决定了心房存在非均质性电传导及电活动。当心房容量及压力增高导致心房扩张时 ,易发生兴奋性的离散。P波离散度( Pdisp)则是心电图反映心房电活动不均一的指标 [1、2 ]。本研究根据急性心肌梗死 ( AMI)时 P波终末电势 ( Ptf V1 )异常与左房压、左室舒     

P波指数对心脏再同步治疗效果的预测价值

目的探讨心电图P波指数对慢性心力衰竭患者心脏再同步治疗(CRT)效果的预测价值。方法依据术前心电图P波指数(P波时限(PWD)、V1导联P波终末电势(Ptf或Morris指数)和P波时限/PR段值(Macruz指数,M))大小,将患者分为PWD1(<120ms)和PWD2(≥120ms)、Ptf1(≤-0.04mm·s)和Ptf2(>-0.04mm·s)、M1(≤1.6)和M2(>1.6)组,比较同一指标的两组患者间CRT术后6个月时的心功能指标改善及反应率有无差别。结果共117例患者资料纳入分析,结果显示:CRT术后6个月,各组患者心功能指标均有所改善,P波时限及P波终末电势不同的两组患者间相关指标改善程度差异有显著性(p<0.05),而P波时限/PR段值不同的两组患者间相关指标的改善程度并无明显差别(p>0.05),CRT反应率亦有类似发现。多因素分析显示LAD>40mm、PWD≥120ms及Ptf>-0.04mm·s与CRT反应率降低有关。结论术前心电图P波增宽及V1导联P波终末电势延长是CRT术后无反应的可能预测因子。     

P波离散度对特发性阵发性房颤的预测价值

最近,有人［１］提出Ｐ波离散度（Ｐｄ）的概念,并指出Ｐｄ是预测特发性阵发性房颤（ＰＡＦ）的简单生理指标。作者对３０例发生过ＰＡＦ患者作回顾性分析,以探索Ｐｄ对ＰＡＦ的预测价值。１　对象与方法１１　临床资料　选择我院１９８９０５～１９９７０５３０例特发性ＰＡＦ的住院患者作为观察组。经体检、Ｘ线胸片、ＥＣＧ,ＵＣＧ、抗“０”、血沉检查,均正常,并对其进行至少１年以上项目的随访,均未发现异常,故诊断为ＰＡＦ。另选择我院２６名门诊体检人员为对照组,经１年以上的随访,未发生ＰＡＦ,上述项目的检查也均…     

P波离散度预测高血压病患者发生阵发性房颤的价值

目的评价高血压病患者发生阵发性房颤的危险因素。方法:记录44例高血压病伴阵发性房颤(Ⅰ组)和45例高血压病不伴阵发性房颤(Ⅱ组)患者的同步12导联心电图,测量P波最大时限(Pmax)、P波最小时限(Pmin)及P波离散度,左房直径(LAD)和左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果Ⅰ组P波离散度显著高于Ⅱ组(P<0.01);Ⅰ组Pmin和LVEF显著低于Ⅱ组(P<0.01);Pmax和左房直径两组之间没有显著差别(P>0.05)。单变量分析显示Pmin、P波离散度和LVEF对阵发性房颤有显著的预测价值,但多变量分析显示仅P波离散度对阵发性房颤具有独立预测价值。结论P波离散度可以识别高血压病患者发生阵发性房颤的高危人群。     

Prediction of atrial fibrillation after ischemic stroke using P-wave signal averaged electrocardiography

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent in patients with ischemic stroke, but the diagnosis is often difficult.MethodsThis study consisted of 68 stroke patients in sinus rhythm without history of AF. All patients underwent P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiography (P-SAECG), echocardiography, 24-h Holter monitoring, and measurement of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations at admission.ResultsAn abnormal P-SAECG was found in 34 of 68 stroke patients. In the follow-up period of 11 ± 4 months, AF developed in 17 patients (AF group). The remaining 51 patients were classified as the non-AF group. The prevalence of atrial late potentials (ALP) on P-SAECG, and the number of premature atrial contractions (PACs) were significantly higher in the AF group than those in the non-AF group (88.2% vs 37.3%; p < 0.001, 149 ± 120 vs 79 ± 69; p = 0.030, respectively). However, there were no significant differences in age, left atrial dimension, or BNP concentrations between both groups. Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that the presence of ALP (risk ratio 11.15; p = 0.002) and frequent PACs (more than 100/24 h) (risk ratio 4.53; p = 0.007) had significant correlation to the occurrence of AF.ConclusionsALP may be a novel predictor of AF in stroke patients. P-SAECG should be considered in stroke of undetermined etiology.     

P波最大及最小时限对阵发性心房颤动的预测价值

目的探讨P波最大时限(Pmax)与最小时限(Pmin)对阵发性房颤的预测价值。方法回顾性地收集2008年1月至10月行12导联动态心电图监测的心内科住院患者90例,其中阵发性房颤32例,非房颤58例,比较两组的Pmax,Pmin及临床特点。结果阵发性房颤组Pmax较非房颤组明显增大〔(114±15)vs(104±11),P0.01〕,两组Pmin差异没有统计学意义〔(55±9)vs(58±11)ms,P=0.08〕,24 h平均心率增快〔(89±25)vs(74±15)次/min,P0.01〕;经校正其他临床因素后显示,Pmax增大及快心室率是心血管病住院患者发生阵发性房颤的独立相关因素。结论 12导联动态心电图Pmax增大及快心室率是预测心血管病住院患者发生阵发性房颤的较好指标。     

Direct oral anticoagulants in the early phase of non valvular atrial fibrillation-related acute ischemic stroke: focus on real life studies

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis - To increase the detection rate of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and to compare the predictive value of four different risk assessment scales (Caprini, Autar,...     

Predictive value of indexes of inflammation and hypercoagulability on success of cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether success or failure of direct-current cardioversion in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation may be related to indexes of inflammation (as indicated by C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, platelet activation [soluble P-selectin levels], endothelial damage/dysfunction [von Willebrand factor], coagulation cascade [tissue factor and fibrinogen], and rheology [plasma viscosity and hematocrit]). We found that C-reactive protein levels are a predictor of initial cardioversion success, although they failed to predict long-term outcome. Although inflammation may be associated with "permanence" of atrial fibrillation, indexes of platelet activation, endothelial damage/dysfunction, or coagulation showed no relation to the immediate and long-term (2-month) cardioversion outcome.     

Predictive value of circulating insulin-like growth factor I levels in ischemic stroke outcome

CONTEXT: Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the general population, frequently leading to permanent invalidity and reduced quality of life. IGF-I is recognized as an important neuroprotective factor against cerebral hypoxic insult. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate pituitary function, in particular GH-IGF-I axis, in adult patients receiving rehabilitation after an ischemic stroke. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 42 patients (12 females; age range, 50-88 yr) during rehabilitation after stroke, evaluating the relationship between the GH-IGF-I axis and the severity (National Institutes of Health stroke scale) and outcome [Rancho Los Amigos Scale of Cognitive Functioning (LCFS); Functional Independence Measure (FIM); modified Ranking Scale] from stroke. RESULTS: GH deficiency was demonstrated in five patients (11.9%). Peak GH after GHRH + arginine test and IGF-I levels did not correlate with severity of stroke. IGF-I was positively correlated with LCFS (r = 0.305, P < 0.05) and the difference between FIM on admission and at discharge from rehabilitation (DeltaFIM; r = 0.361, P < 0.02). Outcome indexes (LCFS, FIM at discharge, DeltaFIM) and occurrence of favorable outcome (modified Ranking Scale 0-1) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in patients with IGF-I levels 161.8 mug/dl or greater (50th percentile of the patient distribution). LH-FSH deficiency (three cases), ACTH deficiency (one case), and hyperprolactinemia (two cases) were detected. One patient had primary hypogonadism, and six males had low testosterone with normal LH and FSH levels. By multivariate analysis, IGF-I level was the main significant predictor of DeltaFIM and LCFS. CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic stroke may be associated with pituitary dysfunction, particularly GH and gonadotropin deficiencies. The higher IGF-I levels observed in patients with better outcome suggest a possible neuroprotective role of IGF-I. Circulating IGF-I may predict functional performance during rehabilitation and ischemic stroke outcome.     

P波间期与阵发性房颤首次射频消融术后复发的关系

目的 评价P波间期对阵发性房颤射频消融术后复发的影响.方法 100例药物治疗无效的症状性阵发性房颤患者,在Ensite Velocity三维标测系统指导下行环肺静脉前庭线性消融,消融终点为肺静脉电隔离.结果 术中肺静脉隔离率100％.术后随访（14.0±5.5）个月,其中72例成功维持窦性心律（窦律维持组）,28例复发（复发组）.复发组最大P波间期及P波离散度均较窦律维持组明显延长[最大P波间期：（138±16）mm比（126±14）mm,P波离散度：（58±21）mm比（49±15）mm],两组差异有统计学意义.结论 阵发性房颤射频消融术前标准体表12导联心电图（ECG）所测的最大P波间期及P波离散度可预测术后复发.     

左心房增大与缺血性卒中

左心房增大是缺血性卒中及其他心血管不良事件的独立危险因素,可影响卒中严重程度并增高复发风险.左心房增大与缺血性卒中之间的相关机制目前仍未明确,可能与心房血栓形成或其共患病相关,例如心房颤动、高血压等.对于存在左心房增大的卒中患者如何实施一级和二级预防仍需要进一步临床试验来确定.     

NIHSS评分对急性缺血性卒中患者大血管闭塞的预测价值

目的 探讨基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分对大血管闭塞的预测价值.方法 利用“南京卒中注册系统”,回顾性分析发病24 h内入院且需行急诊数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查或介入治疗的急性缺血性卒中患者.在患者就诊即刻进行NIHSS评分,根据DSA结果分为大血管闭塞组与非大血管闭塞组.大血管闭塞定义为颈内动脉、大脑中动脉MI/M2段、椎动脉V4段或基底动脉存在血管闭塞,非大血管闭塞定义为未见血管闭塞或血管闭塞存在于大脑中动脉M3/M4段、大脑前动脉或大脑后动脉.利用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线和曲线下面积(c统计量)评估NIHSS评分对大血管闭塞的预测能力,计算灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值.采用多变量logistic回归分析筛选出判别大血管闭塞的独立危险因素.结果 共纳入100例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中前循环卒中63例,后循环卒中37例.NIHSS评分预测全部患者大血管闭塞的ROC曲线下面积(c统计量)为0.734[95％可信区间(confidence interval,CI)0.621 ～0.848],预测前循环与后循环大血管闭塞分别为0.817(95％ CI0.699 ～0.936)和0.683(95％ CI 0.505 ～0.861).NIHSS评分判断全部患者大血管闭塞的最佳截断值为13分(灵敏度为0.776,特异度为0.697,阳性预测值为0.839,阴性预测值为0.605).多变量logistic回归分析显示,“意识水平提问”[优势比(odds ratio,OR)4.673,95％ CI 1.853 ～ 11.786;P=0.001]和“凝视”(OR 3.514,95％ CI 1.271 ～9.716; P=0.015)是大血管闭塞的独立危险因素.结论 基线NIHSS评分对急性缺血性卒中患者的大血管闭塞具有一定的预测价值,尤其对于前循环大血管闭塞的预测价值较高.在NIHSS评分项目中,“意识水平提问”和“凝视”是判别大血管闭塞的独立危险因素.     

伴心房颤动的急性缺血性卒中的治疗

心房颤动是缺血性卒中的一种重要病因.研究表明,与无心房颤动者相比,伴有心房颤动的卒中患者会出现更严重的神经功能缺损和更高的病死率.此外,心房颤动还是静脉溶栓后血管未能再通的独立危险因素,与转归不良相关.机械取栓治疗为伴有心房颤动的急性缺血性卒中患者提供了新的治疗方案.文章就合并心房颤动的急性缺血性卒中患者的静脉溶栓和机械取栓治疗进行了综述.