小梁切除术后眼压未控制者再次手术的选择

目的 探讨两种不同术式治疗小梁切除术后眼压未控制者的疗效.方法 小梁切除术后未控制者进行再次手术的35例（35眼）,其中A组选择复合小梁切除术,B组选择晶状体超声乳化吸出联合前房角分离术,术后随访3 ～ 20月,观察视力、眼压、前房深度、滤过泡形态、前房角、视野及OCT等指标.结果 两组术后皆能控制眼压.结论 依患者自身特点选择不同手术方案,皆取得良好效果.     

Ultrasound biomicroscopic patterns after glaucoma surgery in congenital glaucoma

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate specific morphologic patterns in congenital glaucoma after various surgical procedures by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) and to investigate correlations between UBM morphology and the effectiveness of glaucoma surgery in reducing intraocular pressure. DESIGN: Observational case series. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: Thirty four eyes of 18 consecutive patients, not older than 18 years, with congenital glaucoma and with a history of previous antiglaucomatous surgery underwent UBM examination of the anterior chamber angle in the treatment area and in an untreated region. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The morphology of the anterior chamber angle region and the tissue reflectivity were analyzed. RESULTS: Specific UBM patterns of the anterior chamber angle in congenital glaucoma were observed after goniotomy, trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, deep sclerectomy, and cyclodialysis. In the first months after surgery, a limited correlation was found between morphology and the success of filtering surgery. Adhesions of the iris or the ciliary processes to the trabeculectomy cleft were detected in 19 of 25 eyes after filtering procedures. CONCLUSIONS: In cases of cloudy cornea and unknown previous glaucoma surgery, UBM can be used to identify the type and localization of previous surgery in congenital glaucoma, thus assisting surgical planning for subsequent glaucoma management. The correlation between UBM morphology and the effectiveness of filtering surgery is less convincing than previously demonstrated in adults, possibly underlining the importance of individual nonsurgical factors for prognosis in congenital glaucoma.     

Post-traumatic angle recession glaucoma: a risk factor for bleb failure after trabeculectomy.

In order to determine if post-traumatic angle recession is a risk factor for failure of glaucoma filtering surgery independent of age or race, the surgical results of trabeculectomy performed in 35 consecutive patients with angle recession glaucoma were compared with those of 35 matched patients with primary open angle glaucoma. A postoperative intraocular pressure of < or = 21 mm Hg (with or without glaucoma medication) was found in 15 of the 35 (43%) patients with angle recession glaucoma compared with 26 of the 35 (74%) patients with primary open angle glaucoma. The long term success of trabeculectomy was significantly worse in angle recession glaucoma when the results were analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Bleb failure occurred a mean period of 3.1 (SD 1.2) months after trabeculectomy in angle recession glaucoma compared with 9.4 (5) months in primary open angle glaucoma (p < or = 0.001). The finding that posttraumatic angle recession is a risk factor for failure of trabeculectomy, supports the use of antimetabolite therapy to suppress fibrosis after trabeculectomy in these patients.     

Surgical indications in coexisting cataracts and glaucoma

Cataract surgery in glaucoma patients remains a controversial subjects. Indication of surgery depends on a lot of clinical parameters: diagnosis, state, evolution of glaucoma as well as compliance with medical treatment--surgical procedures of cataract and glaucoma--sites of the surgery--use of antifibrosis agents and surgeon's experience. As cataract extraction alone decreases the intraocular pressure in open angle glaucoma and mainly in uncomplicated closed angle glaucoma and trabeculectomy alone reduces the intraocular pressure more than combined surgery with less complications we recommended the following surgical options: Cataract extraction alone in patients with controlled open angle glaucoma and in patients with closed angle glaucoma. A two step procedure: filtering surgery followed by cataract extraction in patients with poorly controlled open angle glaucoma or mixed closed angle glaucoma. Ambulatory surgery and topical anesthesia permit a two stages surgery with less inconveniences. A combined procedure in patients with a chronic closed angle glaucoma where filtering procedure alone is associated with important complications. Actually, the best surgical cataract procedure is phacoemulsification with a small supero-corneal incision and implantation of a foldable intraocular lens. The best filtering procedure remains trabeculectomy, or the new non penetrating trabecular surgery for experimented surgeons, in the superior quadrant. In the future new surgical procedures and new safe and non toxic pharmacologic drugs which modulate wound healing could be found in order to increase the efficacity and indications of combined surgery.     

Surgical Results of Trabeculectomy and Ahmed Valve Implantation Following a Previous Failed Trabeculectomy in Primary Congenital Glaucoma Patients

Purpose

To compare the surgical results of trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation after a previous failed trabeculectomy.

Methods

A retrospective comparative case series review was performed on 31 eye surgeries in 20 patients with primary congenital glaucoma who underwent trabeculectomy or Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation after a previous failed trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.

Results

The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.5 mmHg in the trabeculectomy group and 26.9 mmHg in the Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation group (p = 0.73). The 48-month postoperative mean intraocular pressure was 19.6 mmHg in the trabeculectomy group and 20.2 mmHg in the Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation group (p = 0.95). The 12-month trabeculectomy success rate was 69%, compared with 64% for Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation, and the 48-month success rates were 42% and 36% for trabeculectomy and valve implantation, respectively. The success rates following the entire follow-up period were not significantly different between the two groups (p > 0.05 by log rank test). Postoperative complications occurred in 25% of the trabeculectomy-operated eyes and 9% of the Ahmed-implanted eyes (p = 0.38).

Conclusions

There was no significant difference in surgical outcome between the trabeculectomy and Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation groups, neither of which had favorable results. However, the trabeculectomy group demonstrated a higher prevalence of adverse complications such as post-operative endophthalmitis.     

Filtering glaucoma surgery as outpatient procedure

BACKGROUND: While cataract surgery is nowadays performed routinely as an outpatient procedure, performing filtering glaucoma surgery under these conditions remains questionable due to the more demanding perioperative management. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Outpatient filtering glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy and combined phakoemulsification and trabeculectomy (phakotrab)) is performed at the Ophthalmology Department of Kantonsspital Winterthur when requested by the patient. This paper provides a retrospective review of all outpatient filtering glaucoma procedures performed in the last three and a half years. RESULTS: Forty-six filtering procedures (21 trabeculectomies and 25 phakotrabs) were performed in 45 eyes of 40 patients (50 - 84 years) as outpatient procedures. Mitomycin C was administered in 16/21 trabeculectomies and in 7/25 combined procedures. In the trabeculectomy group, intraocular pressure (IOP) was surgically lowered from 23.3 +/- 7.2 mm Hg (under 2.4 +/- 0.8 IOP-lowering medications) to 12.7 +/- 3.5 mm Hg (20/21 patients without medication). In the combined group, IOP was lowered from 20.8 +/- 6.3 (under 2.0 +/- 0.7 medications) to 13.7 +/- 2.7 mm Hg (only 5/25 patients still requiring IOP-lowering medications). In the latter group, the best corrected visual acuity was below 20/40 only in 2 eyes due to advanced glaucomatous optic atrophy. One patient developed relative intraocular hypotony (IOP 6 mm Hg), one patient required needling + 5-fluorouracil injection and one patient required surgical revision of the trabeculectomy after 14 months. DISCUSSION: Adequate patient selection and refined surgical technique (tight wound closure and releasable sutures or argon laser suturolysis) allow performing filtering glaucoma surgery as an outpatient procedure. Extended post-operative care during the first 2 months is the key for IOP-lowering success.     

小切口小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼

目的　探讨小切口小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼的疗效。方法　回顾 2 0 0 2年 4月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月在我院接受滤过性手术的闭角型青光眼 5 0例 ( 64眼 )。随机分为 2组 :观察组 2 7例 ( 3 5眼 ) ,采用小切口小梁切除术 ;对照组 2 3例 ( 2 9眼 ) ,采用复合式小梁切除术。分析两组术后 6月内的眼压及并发症的发生率等。结果　两组术后第 1周内眼压差异有显著性意义 ,观察组眼压高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,尔后差异无显著性意义。两组术后早期滤过泡渗漏和前房积血的发生率差异无显著性意义 ;浅前房、脉络膜脱离的发生率 ,住院时间等差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,观察组低于对照组。结论　小切口小梁切除术手术方法简单 ,术后并发症少 ,术后恢复快 ,且可以达到与复合式小梁切除术同样的降眼压效果     

Surgical strategies in patients with cataract and glaucoma

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review analyzes the most relevant studies on current surgical strategies to treat glaucoma patients with cataracts. RECENT FINDINGS: No clear evidence has confirmed better results with trabeculectomy alone compared with phacotrabeculectomy. Recent studies have reported successful outcomes combining deep sclerectomy and two-site phacoemulsification. The phacoemulsification cataract extraction will not vary the intraocular pressure of patients with previous deep sclerectomy. Mitomycin C proved to be effective in maintaining lower pressure levels with the combined surgery technique; however, 5-fluorouracil did not show any improvement. Minimally invasive cataract surgery reduces surgical trauma, making it possible to obtain better results with combined surgery and previous glaucoma surgery. SUMMARY: The surgical strategy decision must be customized to every patient. Only filtering surgeries are recommended in glaucoma patients with incipient cataract. Combined surgical procedures are recommended for progressive or advanced glaucoma. Two-site phacotrabeculectomy with mitomycin C achieves better stabilized results; however, combined phacoemulsification with deep sclerectomy or viscocanalostomy achieves similar results with a lower rate of complications. These promising findings need more study to be confirmed.     

青光眼小梁切除术中联合生物羊膜移植的意义

目的分析青光眼小梁切除术中联合生物羊膜移植的意义。方法我科诊治的60例（76眼）青光眼随机分为羊膜组31例（38眼）和对照组29例（38眼）。羊膜组行小梁切除术联合生物羊膜移植,对照组仅行小梁切除术。分析两组间术后眼压、滤过泡形成的差异。结果眼压：羊膜组术后降低眼压成功者36眼（94．74％）;对照组为32眼（84．21％）。羊膜组降低眼压成功率高于对照组（X2=15．36,P〈0．05）。滤过泡：羊膜组术后形成功能性滤过泡者33眼（86．84％）;对照组为25眼（65．79％）。羊膜组功能性滤过泡形成比率高于对照组（X2=12．07,P〈0．05）。结论青光眼小梁切除术中联合生物羊膜移植的手术效果优于单纯的小梁切除术。     

A comparative study of trabeculectomy and the new clear‐cornea filtering procedure,intrastromal diathermal keratostomy (IDK)

Purpose: For the first time to compare the 1‐year success rates of trabeculectomy and the new clear‐cornea filtering procedure, intrastromal diathermal keratostomy (IDK). Methods: Prospective clinical observational study including 99 consecutively operated eyes (69 patients) with well‐established primary open‐angle glaucoma referred for filtering operation. We compared the change in intraocular pressure (IOP), number of anti‐glaucomatous medication, complications and reoperations after 1 year. Seventy‐four eyes were operated with trabeculectomy, and 25 with IDK. Complete success was defined as IOP ≤18 mmHg, IOP lowered ≥30%, no medication and no reoperation. Qualified success was defined as IOP ≤18 mmHg, and IOP lowered ≥30% with or without medication or reoperation. Results: Intraocular pressure pre‐ and postoperatively in the trabeculectomy group was 25.3 and 14.1 mmHg versus 23.8 and 15.8 mmHg in the IDK group. The number of medications pre‐ and postoperatively in the trabeculectomy group was 3.1 and 0.5 versus 3.2 and 1.3 in the IDK group. Forty‐four (59%) of the eyes in the trabeculectomy group met the complete success criteria compared with 5 (20%) in the IDK group (p < 0.01). Sixty‐eight (92%) in the trabeculectomy group and 16 (64%) in the IDK fulfilled the qualified success criteria (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both the complete and qualified 1‐year success rates of IDK are significantly lower compared with the success rates of trabeculectomy. The IDK does not reduce the IOP as much as the procedure of trabeculectomy, and it carries a higher frequency of reoperations and more medication postoperatively. Thus, our prospective data do not support the procedure of IDK as ‘the gold standard’ for filtering surgery in patients with open‐angle glaucoma.     

Surgical management of chronic glaucoma in aphakia

The surgical management of glaucoma in aphakia has been limited by poor success in the control of intraocular pressure and serious postoperative complications that threaten vision. A consecutive series of trabeculectomy filtering procedures in aphakic eyes with a mean preoperative intraocular pressure of 38 mmHg was followed for an average of 26 months and revealed a 62% control of intraocular pressure at 21 mmHg or less. Five additional patients (24%) had pressures lower than 21 mmHg following digital massage. The complication of decreased visual acuity following surgery was significant but not directly related to the surgical procedure. Another patient population with glaucoma and aphakia with a mean preoperative pressure of 25 mmHg was treated with laser trabeculoplasty. In 12 of 15 patients (80%) intraocular pressure was lower than 22 mmHg for an average of eight months and did not require glaucoma surgery. There were no significant complications following this therapy and all patients retained preoperative level of visual acuity. In aphakic patients who have uncontrolled glaucoma on maximal medical therapy, surgery is indicated. We recommend the following approach to surgical management: (1) Laser treatment to the trabecular meshwork if the angle is open; (2) if this fails, or the angle is extensively closed, a trabeculectomy filtering procedure is suggested; (3) cyclocryotherapy has been effective in controlling pressure but the unpredictable loss of vision has prompted caution in seeing eyes; (4) cyclodialysis; and (5) transpupillary or transscleral treatment of the ciliary processes are additional modes of therapy. Improved results of surgical treatment for glaucoma and aphakia have been encouraging and should be used when maximal medical therapy is ineffective.     

Phacoemulsification in patients with previous trabeculectomy: role of 5-fluorouracil

Cataract surgery in a patient with previous trabeculectomy is considered to have an adverse effect on the long-term survival of the filtering bleb. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used in patients with a pre-existing bleb, undergoing cataract surgery, but there are no published reports for or against its use in such cases. This study was carried out to evaluate the protective role of subconjunctival 5-FU on the pre-existing bleb from trabeculectomy in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out on patients with pre-existing filtering bleb from trabeculectomy for primary open-angle glaucoma who then underwent phacoemulsification at least 12 months after trabeculectomy. Data were collected for two groups of patients. Group 1 (22 patients) received 5-FU at the end of successful phacoemulsification, whereas group 2 (25 patients) did not receive it. The two groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, intraocular pressure (IOP), type of glaucoma, number of adverse risk factors present, and duration of follow-up. Any worsening of IOP control was analysed using mean IOP and mean change in the treatment for glaucoma. RESULTS: Mean IOP was comparable in the two groups, but there was a significant difference in mean change in glaucoma treatment between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively. Worsening of IOP control was seen in 13.6% of the patients in group 1 and in 36.4% in group 2 (P-value=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that 5-FU has a protective effect on the functioning bleb and may be used routinely at the end of phacoemulsification in such cases.     

Non penetrating filtering surgery,evolution and results

Trabeculectomy is currently the standard filtration procedure for glaucoma surgical treatment. Despite several advantages over full-thickness procedures, trabeculectomy can be responsible for early postoperative complications related to sudden ocular decompression that can lead to hypotony with its sight-threatening complications. Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgeries, namely viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy with external trabeculectomy, have been developed in recent years in order to improve the safety of conventional filtering procedures. The goal of these procedures is to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) by enhancing the natural aqueous outflow channels, while reducing outflow resistance, attributed for 75% to the trabecular meshwork and for 25% to the outer wall of Schlemm's canal (SC) or tissue surrounding it. In these procedures, the anterior chamber is not opened so that complications related to full thickness procedures are mainly avoided. In the last few years, viscocanalostomy and deep sclerectomy with external trabeculectomy have become the most popular nonpenetrating filtering procedures. Both involve the removal of a deep scleral flap, the external wall of SC, and corneal stroma behind the anterior trabecula and Descemet membrane, thus creating a scleral lake. The aqueous humor leaves the anterior chamber through the intact trabeculodescemetic membrane and reaches the scleral lake, from where it will egress into different pathways. In viscocanalostomy, a high-molecular viscoelastic substance is injected into the ostia of the SC in order to enlarge the SC and its collector channels. In deep sclerectomy with external trabeculectomy, the main goal is to remove the inner wall of the SC and the adjacent trabecular layers involved in aqueous outflow resistance, while leaving the innermost trabecular layers intact so that the anterior chamber does not open during operation. Different surgical adjuvants designed to maintain the scleral lake open are commercially available. Retrospective and prospective published studies have reported similar midterm results with trabeculectomy and nonpenetrating filtering procedures in terms of IOP control, with fewer postoperative complications and better visual acuity recovery with the nonpenetrating procedures. This article reviews the current nonpenetrating surgical procedure techniques, their mechanism of action, and their outcome.     

密缝巩膜瓣预防小梁切除术后浅前房的研究

目的：探讨密缝巩膜瓣对预防小梁切除术后浅前房的效果。方法：58例69眼中闭角型青光眼57眼，开角型青光眼12眼。随机分为常规小梁切除术组（34眼）和密缝巩膜瓣组（35眼）。后者系在常规小梁切除术中，严密缝合巩膜瓣4针，手术结束后恢复前房，术后根据滤过泡情况进行眼球按摩及结膜下注射5－FU。结果：术后浅前房：常规组12眼，发生率35．29％；密缝组3眼，发生率8．57％。二者经统计学处理，差异具有非常显著性意义（χ^2＝7．24，P＜0．01）。术后眼压：随访6－12月，常规组眼压控制者31眼，占91．18％；密缝组眼压控制者33眼，占94．29％。二者差异无显著性意义，（χ^2＝0．25，P＞0．05）。结论：密缝巩膜瓣小梁切除术既可保证手术的成功率，又可有效地减少青光眼术后浅前房的发生。     

小梁切除联合周边虹膜嵌顿术后前房深度的观察

目的 从小粱切除联合周边虹膜嵌顿术术后前房深度的观察，证明ＴＩ二联术的成功率。方法 原发性闭角型青光眼８７例９５只眼分成两组，分别观察术后前房深度的变化规律。结果 ＴＩ二联术由于术后房水流出较通畅，ＤＡＣ的恢复无数略迟于小梁切除术，术后ＤＡＣ的恢复程度与小梁切除术比较相差约０．２ｍｍ，无显著差别。     

小梁切除加巩膜瓣可拆除缝线术临床应用研究

目的 探讨巩膜瓣外置可拆除缝线在青光眼小梁切除术中的临床应用效果.方法 对已确诊的开角及闭角型青光眼126例,随机分为两组.实验组61例(120只眼),即小梁切除及虹膜周边切除.巩膜瓣两角缝合后,再行巩膜瓣两侧外置可拆除缝线,水密缝合.对照组为常规小梁切除术65例(113只眼),术后随访6-12个月.结果 术后1周两组眼压与术前相比差异有统计学意义,而两组问比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.85,P=0.08);术后6个月实验组平均眼压(14.34±3.95)mmHg,对照组(19.57±7.76)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P相似文献   

Options in pediatric glaucoma after angle surgery has failed

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Congenital glaucoma is primarily a surgical disease with medical management serving as a temporizing measure before surgery or as postoperative adjunctive treatment. First-line surgery for congenital glaucoma consists of incisional procedures on the anterior chamber angle: goniotomy and trabeculotomy. Angle surgery has a high success rate with few complications. Despite the high initial success rate, almost 20% of angle procedures eventually fail, and surgeons are confronted with a choice of what procedure to do next: a trabeculectomy with or without adjunctive antifibrosis therapy, glaucoma drainage surgery, or cyclodestructive procedures. This review will discuss and compare these procedures as reported in recent studies and how variables such as age, number of prior procedures, and type of glaucoma have clarified the order in which these procedures might be performed after failed angle surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: Clinical reports in refractory pediatric glaucoma consist solely of retrospective studies of varying size and quality. Recent studies of trabeculectomy in this population suggest mitomycin C is associated with increased risk of late infectious complications. Trabeculectomy has worse outcome among younger patients Glaucoma drainage devices have a success rate approaching 80% at 1 year, but less with longer follow-up. Cyclodestructive procedures are generally reserved for advanced cases, but low-dose cyclodiode therapy and endocyclophotocoagulation may prove useful earlier in the disease (< 2 years). SUMMARY: Refractory pediatric glaucoma remains a challenge. Glaucoma drainage devices appear to be the most predictable and possibly safest procedure to consider after failed conventional angle surgery.     

穿透性小梁切除和滤道成形术的临床研究

目的 临床评估作者设计的穿透性小梁切除和滤道成形术的安全性和有效性。方法 在穿透性小梁切除术中,于巩膜办下植入一个T形“人工小梁支架”,借助巩膜静脉丛制成一个永存的可吸收房水的间隙。本文选用PMMA制成的人工晶状体的T形袢作支架,为8例志愿者9只绝对期或近绝对期青光眼做了这一手术。观察期5～22个月,平均15.7个月。结果 平均眼压从术前的45.6mmHg降至24.22mmHg。9眼中8眼保持了功能性或部分功能性滤遇泡;2眼视力从持续20多天无光感分别恢复到有光感和0.05。结论 本文提出的穿透性小梁切除和用PMMA制成的T形人工晶体袢作为“人工小梁支架”进行的滤道成形术安全有效,无论对开角和闭角型青光眼,降眼压效果均显著而持久,适应症比传统的非穿透性小梁切除术更广泛,应用前景光明。     

Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy for glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome

PURPOSE: To report the results of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) in the treatment of glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS). METHODS: We carried out a retrospective case series analysis of patients who underwent NPDS for glaucoma associated with SWS between 1998 and 2003. The control of glaucoma after NPDS, the results of surgery on intraocular pressure, the need for additional medical treatment and surgical complications were studied. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of nine patients, aged 11 days to 24 years, underwent filtering surgery: nine NPDS procedures were performed and three surgical procedures had to be converted to trabeculectomy because NPDS was not technically achievable. The mean follow-up after surgery was 26.3 months (range 6-48 months). Two trabeculectomies were complicated by choroidal effusion, which resolved in both cases. Good control of glaucoma was obtained during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Non-penetrating deep sclerectomy is transiently efficient in the treatment of SWS-associated glaucoma. Further studies of NPDS for the treatment of glaucoma associated with SWS are warranted.     

非穿透性与改良小梁手术治疗开角型青光眼的远期疗效

目的:观察非穿透性与改良小梁手术治疗开角型青光眼的远期疗效。方法:开角型青光眼患者15例(30眼),同一患者1眼行非穿透性小梁手术,另眼行改良小梁切除术,术后观察眼压、滤过泡、视野、房角和视力情况。结果:通过对非穿透性小梁手术与改良小梁切除术治疗开角型青光眼术后眼压、滤过泡、视野、房角和视力情况的长期观察、比较,二者疗效无显著性差异,非穿透性小梁手术组并发症较少。结论:非穿透性小梁手术是治疗开角型青光眼的有效方法。