壮族青年牙外观满意度及正畸治疗需要指数的调查研究

目的：通过对广西壮族青年行问卷调查确定牙外观满意度、测量牙科美学指数（DAI）确定正畸治疗需要量,从而为口腔卫生资源的合理配置提供参考依据。方法：随机抽取77名壮族青年行牙外观满意度问卷调查,制取石膏模型并测量DAI。结果：广西壮族青年具有较高的牙外观满意度（男性80．8％,女性70．6％）,较大的正畸治疗需要量（男性76．9％,女性84．3％）。错骀畸形的主观评价均不高于50％。壮族女青年（96．1％）较男青年（73．1％）更介意牙齿被染色。部分壮族青年更愿意通过牙齿美白提高牙外观（男性50．0％,女性74．5％）。结论：广西地区部分壮族青年未能客观地认识自身牙外观、对改善牙外观的治疗方式了解不足、正畸治疗需要量较大,应增大对该群体的口腔卫生资源调配及错胎畸形的防治力度。     

错[牙合]影响功能量表的建立和信效度检验

目的：建立汉化版错[牙合]影响功能量表，检验其信效度。方法：英文版的CS—OIDP（condition-specific oral impacts on daily performances，CS—OIDP）被简化，只保留进食、清洁口腔和语言与发音3项，简化后版本被称为错殆影响功能量表（functional impacts of malocclusion questionnaire，FIMQ）。FIMQ被翻译成汉语，并进行文化适应。296名大学生完成牙美学指数检查（Dental Aesthetic Index，DAD和FIMQ问卷表，以检测其信度和效度。结果：再测检验表明，两次检验间，功能影响的发生率和总计分的再测信度良好．基于牙美学指数检查的等级分组表明，进食和清洁口腔影响的发生率会随着牙美学指数检查的等级升高而升高。影响进食的严重程度也随着牙美学指数等级的升高而增加。结论：汉化版FIMQ信效度良好，可用于中国相关人群口腔健康相关生活质量的研究。     

应用PAR指数评价不同安氏分类牙(牙合)关系的研究

目的从牙(牙合)方面了解不同错(牙合)分类(牙合)的特征及正畸治疗效果,为今后进行更准确有效的预后判断提供临床指导和科学依据.方法对224例治疗前后模型进行PAR指数各项指标测量评分,样本根据不同安氏分类分组,分别对治疗前牙(牙合)关系及治疗后(牙合)变化量进行评估.结果所有224例病例中,极大改善患者163例,占总病例数的72.76%,其中安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)极大改善率为89.66%.治疗前安氏Ⅰ类错(牙合)加权PAR分值低于Ⅱ类、Ⅱ类错(牙合),而治疗后安氏Ⅲ类错(牙合)加权PAR分值改变量最大.结论安氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类错(牙合)畸形治疗改善程度相同.PAR指数的临床应用还存在一定缺陷,需要进一步改进.     

安氏Ⅱ类错正畸治疗后稳定性探讨

目的 :探讨影响安氏Ⅱ类错牙合矫治后稳定性的相关因素。方法 :采用PAR (peerassessmentrating )指数和牙弓测量方法对正畸治疗后 2～ 8年 30例安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者模型测量评估。结果 :治疗后加权PAR分值减少 85 .91% ,保持后加权分值净减少 70 .30 %。极大改善治疗后为 80 % ,保持后为 6 3.33%。牙齿排列、覆盖、覆牙合、颊舌向颊牙合关系保持后PAR分值显著增加。上下 3- 3长度、牙弓长度、基骨长度及下 3- 3宽度减少。结论 :正畸治疗后 ,牙弓长度、下尖牙间宽度有缩小趋势 ,而上尖牙间宽度和磨牙间宽度较稳定     

安氏Ⅱ类错牙合正畸治疗后稳定性探讨

目的:探讨影响安氏Ⅱ类错牙合矫治后稳定性的相关因素.方法:采用PAR (peer assessment rating )指数和牙弓测量方法对正畸治疗后2～8年30例安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者模型测量评估.结果:治疗后加权PAR分值减少85.91%, 保持后加权分值净减少70.30%.极大改善治疗后为80%,保持后为63.33%.牙齿排列、覆盖、覆牙合、颊舌向颊牙合关系保持后PAR分值显著增加.上下3-3长度、牙弓长度、基骨长度及下3-3宽度减少.结论:正畸治疗后,牙弓长度、下尖牙间宽度有缩小趋势,而上尖牙间宽度和磨牙间宽度较稳定.     

牙科美学指数在调查正畸治疗需要量中的应用

目的通过对乌鲁木齐汉族青少年正畸治疗客观需要量的调查,从而为口腔卫生资源的合理规划提供科学依据.方法 随机制取562名11～19岁汉族青少年的石膏模型,应用牙科美学指数(DAI)确定正畸治疗的需要量.结果男性DAI分值为35.21±11.28,女性DAI分值为35.54±10.87,男女性别无差异(P>0.05).根据DAI分值分类,正畸治疗需要量构成比为56.73%(男性)和58.89%(女性).结论①乌鲁木齐汉族青少年需要正畸治疗者较多,需提高患者的治疗意识,加强乌鲁木齐地区的牙病防治工作;②牙科美学指数是一种可信、可重复的错牙合流行病学指数,有利于确定正畸需要量,建议推广使用,但DAI存在内在固有的不足,应用时应加以注意.     

先天缺牙患者正畸矫治效果的PAR指数分析研究

［摘要］ 目的 应用PAR指数评价先天缺牙患者正畸矫治的效果。方法 选择2008—2011年在我院正畸科进行固定正畸治疗的先天缺牙患者22例,记录患者缺失牙数目、部位及矫治时拔牙与否;采用PAR指数对矫治前后的牙齿排列、磨牙牙合关系、覆盖、覆牙合及中线情况进行评估和比较。结果 缺牙部位最常见的是下颌中切牙(54.29%),以少数牙缺失为主;正畸治疗中拔牙矫治者多(63.64%),以补偿性拔牙为主。先天缺牙患者正畸治疗后的PAR总分和加权总分均小于治疗前,正畸治疗前后的PAR指数各项分值间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。矫治后PAR总分值减少(30.59±10.50)分,加权PAR总分值减少(38.09±22.08)分,减少百分率为(71.40±22.46)％。结论 先天缺牙患者多为单侧、单颌缺牙,拔牙矫治者多为补偿性拔牙;PAR指数分析结果显示先天缺牙患者正畸治疗前后牙牙合关系得到了明显改善。     

16～22岁青年与正畸医生对错(牙合)畸形的感知差异及其影响因素调查

目的 了解16～22岁青年人群对错胎畸形、牙齿美观和健康的感知,以及该人群与正畸医生对错(牙合)畸形、牙齿美观和健康的感知差异及其相关影响因素.方法 选择在南京陆军指挥学院门诊部口腔科就诊的16～22岁青年为研究对象,采用一般人口调查问卷、正畸治疗需要指数[由美观因素(AC)与牙齿健康因素(DHC)组成]以及牙齿健康因...     

错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数分析

目的：通过对错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数测量分析,探讨牙冠宽度与安氏各类错[牙合]畸形的关系。方法：错[牙合]畸形患者的初始记存模型382副,按照安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ类分组。测量牙冠宽度并计算Bohon指数,测量结果采用Dunean’s检验。结果：382例错[牙合]畸形病例的前牙比、全牙比、后牙比均没有性别间的差异。安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比与正常[牙合]人群基本一致,而Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比则与正常[牙合]人群间存在差异,安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者的前牙比及全牙比明显高于其他各组,有显著性差异。结论：上下颌间牙量关系不调是安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的主要病因之一。     

颞下颌关节紊乱病与正畸病人错(牙合)情况比较

目的：探讨错[牙合]主要类别（安氏错[牙合]及覆[牙合]覆盖关系）在颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandib-ulardisorders,TMD）组与正畸病人组间有无明显差别。方法：颞下颌关节紊乱病相关症状为主诉的369例（TMD组）,要求正畸治疗的933例（MAL组）,对两组人群同年龄、同性别配对,取研究模观察。结果：①两组比较安氏错[牙合]类型无明显差异（P〉0.05）;②TMD组深覆[牙合]病例明显高于正畸治疗组,而前牙对刃[牙合]、反[牙合],后牙反[牙合]的比例均明显低于错[牙合]组（P〈0.05）。结论：深覆[牙合]与TMD关系比较密切。     

Orthodontic treatment need in Peruvian young adults evaluated through dental aesthetic index

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the frequency and severity of the malocclusion and treatment needs in Peruvian young adults. The second aim was to compare the orthodontic treatment needs according to sex and socio-economic status (SES). This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Dental Clinic of a private university in Lima, Peru. A total of 267 freshmen (from 16 to 25 years old) were randomly selected from a pool of 780 students. Students wearing an orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the DAI scores according to sex and SES, respectively. The mean DAI score was 28.87 points (IC(95%) 27.77; 29.97, where IC indicates interval of confidence). Around one-third of the sample presented severe or very severe malocclusion, which implies a highly desirable or mandatory orthodontic treatment need. No statistically significant difference was found between the DAI scores according to sex (P = .592) and SES (P = .397). Approximately one-third of the evaluated Peruvian young adults would need orthodontic treatment according to the DAI. In this population, malocclusion was characterized by a relatively high frequency of missing teeth, appreciable dental crowding, and inadequate anteroposterior relationships.     

Dental esthetic self-perception in young adults with and without previous orthodontic treatment

The aim of this study was to determine which dental esthetic self-perception evaluation tool discriminated better between orthodontically treated or untreated Peruvian young adults. A total of 630 students were randomly chosen from the 2000 admitted in 2002 to a private university in Peru. Students undergoing active orthodontic treatment at the time of examination were excluded. Self-perceived dental esthetic appearance was evaluated through Standardized Continuum of Aesthetic Need, Oral Aesthetic Subjective Index Scale, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). A stepwise multivariate discriminant analysis was developed to classify orthodontic treatment according to the three evaluation tools. A total of 199 students (31.6%) reported a history of orthodontic treatment. Differences between orthodontically treated and untreated groups were found only for the mean VAS score (P < .001). Although three different approaches were used to evaluate dental esthetic self-perception, only VAS allowed the discrimination of the self-perceived dental appearance between orthodontically treated and untreated Peruvian university young adults. Similarities in the self-perceived dental appearance of treated and untreated groups reported in previous epidemiological studies could be explained because different evaluation instruments were used. Further studies are required to support current findings.     

Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of handicapped individuals in South Canara,India

AIMS: To estimate the prevalence and the severity of malocclusion and treatment need for 329 handicapped individuals. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: 329 handicapped individuals aged 11-30 years, attending eight different nonresidential special schools of South Canara, India. METHOD: Examination and recording using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). RESULTS: 53% had a dental appearance which required no orthodontic treatment, 24% had a definite malocclusion, where treatment was 'elective' and treatment for a further 12% was considered to be 'highly desirable'. The remaining subjects (11%) had a handicapping malocclusion where treatment was considered mandatory. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of definite and severe malocclusions was higher in the mentally subnormal individuals when compared to other handicapping conditions. Orthodontic services for the handicapped have generally been neglected.     

Assessment of orthodontic treatment needs in Brazilian schoolchildren according to the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI)

OBJECTIVE: To assess the distribution, prevalence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in schoolchildren from the northeast of Brazil aged between 13 and 15 years. RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 600 adolescents (264 males and 336 females) randomly selected and representative of schoolchildren living in Recife (Brazil) was obtained from 12 public schools. METHOD: The need for orthodontic treatment was measured using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). RESULTS: Most of the subjects (77%) were deemed to require orthodontic treatment. Only about 5.8% had a handicapping malocclusion that needed mandatory treatment. A severe malocclusion for which treatment was highly desirable was recorded in 47.5% of the adolescents and 23.7% had a definite malocclusion for which treatment was elective. Three main occlusal features were responsible for allocating subjects into the group of "orthodontic treatment required": crowding (47.3%), tooth loss (22.3%) and maxillary overjet of more than 3 mm (21.8%). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in mean DAI scores between males and females. CONCLUSIONS: 77% of adolescents from northeast Brazil were in need of orthodontic treatment for dental health reasons. The distribution of DAI scores among Brazilian adolescents is different from that reported in other populations. This study provides baseline data on the need and demand for orthodontic treatment among Brazilian students.     

DAI scores and its relation to self-perceived dental aesthetic and orthodontic concern in Bangladesh and Japan

PurposeTo investigate the relationship between the severity of occlusal irregularities and orthodontic treatment concern among the population of a developing country using DAI score and to compare with the relationship found in a developed country.Materials and methodsThe sample comprised 400 randomly selected university students of Bangladesh, a developing country, 210 males and 190 females, aged 20–27 years. A pretested questionnaire was used to assess the subjects’ satisfaction with own dental appearance and orthodontic treatment concern; the actual severity of malocclusion was determined using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Statistical analysis was carried out using t-test for gender differences; Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients, Scheffe's post hoc test, one way ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were done for correlation between malocclusion severity and response to questionnaire. The data from a similar study that was carried out on the university students of Japan, a developed country, was compared.ResultIn Bangladeshi sample, males were more affected by malocclusion. Moderate correlation was found between malocclusion, self-satisfaction and treatment concern where satisfaction was decreased and treatment desire was increased with the severity of malocclusion. In Japanese sample, the prevalence of malocclusion was found more in females. Self-satisfaction and malocclusion showed weak correlation and no significant correlation was found between treatment concern and malocclusion.ConclusionAlthough DAI can be used universally to evaluate malocclusion and self-perception, it should be used carefully to determine the subjects’ actual desire for orthodontic treatment where the socio-economic condition can be a provocative factor.     

Orthodontic treatment needs: comparison of two indices.

The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) were developed and both claimed to contain the aesthetic and dental components in their criteria of assessing malocclusion. This study was undertaken to assess the reliability of these two indices in assessing orthodontic treatment needs. The indices were applied to 120 pre-treatment study models selected from orthodontic patient records treated at the Department of Orthodontics, University of North Carolina, United States of America. The sample consisted of 60 African-Americans (Black) and 60 American Caucasians (White), age ranged from 12 to 16 years (Mean 13.8). The results showed that the IOTN and the DAI were highly correlated and highly associated statistically (p < 0.0001). The findings of this study indicated that the two indices could be used consistently to identify orthodontic treatment needs in different ethnic groups and are capable of classifying the subjects according to their malocclusion severity for those subjects eligible for treatment in fund constrained situation.     

Prevalence of malocclusion in high school students in Japan according to the Dental Aesthetic Index

Abstract – The Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) was used to evaluate malocclusion in Japanese high school students ( n = 409, ages 15–18 yr). The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data concerning malocclusion in Japanese high school students. This study used a sample of students from randomly selected urban and rural high schools in Japan's Kyushu district. The DAI scores for urban and rural high school students, as well as the total DAI scores from these two areas were significantly higher than that of American high school students. These results showed that the number of students with an acceptable dental appearance among Japanese high school students is significantly lower than among American high school students. This indicates a higher need for orthodontic treatment among Japanese high school students.     

Development of a questionnaire for assessment of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in young adults

The aim of this study was to develop a psychometric instrument for assessment of orthodontic-specific aspects of quality of life. The study subjects, 194 young adults aged 18-30 years, were interviewed using a pool of 23 items dealing with the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics. Self- and interviewer-rating of the dental aesthetic appearance of each subject were carried out using the Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Additionally, the Perception of Occlusion Scale and a modification of the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) were applied. Factorial analyses identified four measures within the item pool, namely Dental Self-Confidence, Social Impact, Psychological Impact, and Aesthetic Concern. The factor structure was confirmed in an independent sample of 83 subjects aged 18-33 years. The reliabilities of the factor analysis-derived scales were between alpha (alpha) 0.85 and 0.91. They differed between respondents with varying severity of malocclusion, as assessed by subject and interviewer ratings. The results suggest that the proposed instrument, termed the 'Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire' (PIDAQ), meets the criteria of factorial stability across samples and criterion-related validity and reliability, and might be a promising tool for further research and clinical application in orthodontics.     

Malocclusions and orthodontic treatment needs in a group of Spanish adolescents using the Dental Aesthetic Index

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among Spanish adolescents and compare with other populations. METHODS: The study sample comprised 744 schoolchildren from urban and rural populations in Granada province (Southern Spain), aged from 14-20 years, who had received no orthodontic treatment. The measurement instrument was the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). RESULTS: The mean DAI score of the whole series was 25.6 (SD, 7.94). The distribution of the four DAI grades was: DAI 1, no anomaly or malocclusion, 58.6%; DAI 2, definite malocclusion, 20.3%; DAI 3, severe malocclusion, 11.2%; DAI 4, very severe or disabling malocclusion, 9.9%. There were no statistically significant differences in DAI score between genders or those in rural vs. urban residence, but a significant difference was found between social classes, with subjects of low social class presenting the worst scores (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The distribution of DAI scores among Spanish adolescents is similar to that reported in other populations.