B细胞特异性莫洛氏鼠白血病病毒插入位点-1蛋白在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的表达

目的了解B细胞特异性莫洛氏鼠白血病病毒插入位点-1（Bmi-1）在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的表达水平变化,探讨其在口腔鳞癌发生发展中的作用及意义。方法选取正常口腔黏膜10例、上皮异常增生31例、口腔鳞癌61例的石蜡包埋组织,采用免疫组化SP法检测相应组织中Bmi-1蛋白表达情况,分析Bmi-1蛋白表达在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的作用及意义。结果Bmi-1在正常口腔黏膜无表达,在上皮异常增生及口腔鳞癌中阳性率分别为29%（9/31）和62.3%（38/61）,口腔鳞癌组Bmi-1阳性率高于正常上皮组及上皮异常增生组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。Bmi-1阳性率随上皮异常增生程度增加及肿瘤分化程度降低而增加,两者间存在正相关关系（r=0.964,P〈0.05）,Bmi-1阳性表达与口腔鳞癌临床分期及淋巴结转移密切相关（P〈0.05）。结论Bmi-1过表达是口腔黏膜癌变过程中的早期事件并与口腔鳞癌发生发展进程有关,有可能作为临床评估口腔鳞癌侵润、转移和预后的参考指标之一。     

口腔黏膜癌变过程中丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶15的表达及意义

目的了解丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶15（STK15）在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的表达变化,探讨P53/STK15转激活-非依赖通路在口腔鳞癌（OSCC）发生发展中的作用及意义。方法正常口腔黏膜8例,上皮异常增生患者27例,OSCC患者43例, 石蜡包埋组织,采用免疫组化SABC法了解STK15及P53蛋白表达情况,分析二者的相关性及其临床病理学意义。结果STK15在正常口腔黏膜无表达,在上皮异常增生及OSCC中阳性率分别为40.74%（11/27） 和67.44%（29/43）,各组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;口腔鳞癌中STK15阳性率在P53阳性组高于P53阴性组,在OSCC有淋巴结转移组高于无淋巴结转移组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论STK15过表达是口腔黏膜癌变过程的早期事件,口腔鳞癌STK15过表达可能与p53突变有关并与OSCC淋巴结转移密切相关,P53/STK15转激活-非依赖通路在OSCC发生发展中可能起重要作用。     

RB1CC1在人和小鼠口腔癌发生发展中表达的比较研究

目的:比较视网膜母细胞瘤RB1-诱导卷曲蛋白1(RB1CC1)在人和小鼠正常口腔黏膜、上皮异常增生组织及口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达,并探讨其在口腔癌发生发展过程中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化和RT-PCR检测人及小鼠在正常口腔黏膜、上皮异常增生、高分化鳞癌原发灶组织中RB1CC1蛋白及基因的表达情况。结果:RB1CC1蛋白在人上皮异常增生组、高分化鳞癌组的阳性表达高于正常组(P<0.05);RB1CC1蛋白在鼠正常组、异常增生组、高分化鳞癌组阳性表达逐渐增加,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。人RB1CC1 mRNA的表达量在异常增生组与高分化鳞癌组无明显差异,正常口腔黏膜组均高于异常增生组与高分化鳞癌组(P＜0.05);小鼠RB1CC1 mRNA的表达量在正常口腔黏膜组与异常增生组、高分化鳞癌组差别无统计学意义。结论:RB1CC1表达在人和小鼠相似, RB1CC1可能参与了口腔鳞癌的早期癌变过程。     

细胞角蛋白19在口腔鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究细胞角蛋白19 (cytokeratin 19,CK19)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)中的表达,探讨两者之间的相关性.方法:收集正常口腔黏膜、单纯上皮增生、上皮异常增生和OSCC患者活检标本49例,采用免疫组织化学、蛋白质印迹比较各组织中CK19的表达;收集未接受过放疗和化疗的OSCC患者16例及健康人群17例的血清,采用ELISA方法检测血清中CK19的可溶性片段CYFRA21-1的水平.采用SPSS17.0软件包进行数据处理.结果:CK19表达于有上皮异常增生的复层鳞状上皮基底上层和OSCC尤其是低分化鳞癌的癌细胞中,随上皮异常增生程度加重,CK19表达的阳性率、表达强度显著增加.OSCC患者血清CYFKA21-1含量显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).结论:CK19表达增加是口腔黏膜癌变过程中的早期事件,其异常表达可作为早期诊断OSCC的辅助指标之一.     

口腔黏膜癌变过程中中心体的扩增及其意义

目的　了解口腔黏膜癌变过程中中心体的状况,探讨中心体的异常在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)发生发展中的作用及其在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的意义。方法　选取正常口腔黏膜(12例)、轻度上皮异常增生(2例)、中度上皮异常增生(8例)、重度上皮异常增生(12例),口腔高分化鳞癌(10例)、中分化鳞癌(15例)、低分化鳞癌(7例)的石蜡包埋组织,采用间接免疫荧光双重染色(γ-微管蛋白单克隆抗体及细胞角蛋白多克隆抗体)显示上皮细胞中的中心体,分析其在口腔黏膜癌变过程中的变化趋势及在各组间的差异。结果　正常口腔黏膜上皮表现为大小数目正常的中心体,但在72·73%(16/22)的上皮异常增生及84·38%(27/32)OSCC组织中观察到部分上皮或肿瘤细胞中出现异常中心体,表现为中心体直径的增加或数目的增多。具有异常中心体的细胞数目随上皮异常增生程度的增加及肿瘤分化程度的降低而增加,二者存在明显的正相关关系(P<0·01)。结论　中心体的扩增是口腔黏膜癌变过程中的早期事件并与口腔癌发生发展进程有关,口腔黏膜癌变过程中的细胞形态学改变与中心体扩增之间可能存在直接机制上的联系。从调控中心体循环入手治疗口腔癌前病损及OSCC,有可能成为口腔癌预防和治疗的新途径。     

N-乙酰基转移酶10蛋白和朊蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及相关性研究

目的:检测N-乙酰基转移酶10蛋白(Naa10p)和朊蛋白(PrPc)在口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC) 、白斑、口腔正常黏膜中的表达及临床意义。方法:应用免疫组化EnvisionTM法检测OSCC(112例)、白斑(42例)及正常黏膜组织(11例)中Naa10p和PrPc的表达情况,并分析其与临床病理特征相关性。结果:Naa10p和PrPc在OSCC表达最高,白斑次之,正常黏膜组织中表达最低。Naa10p在3种不同组织中的表达两两比较均有显著统计学差异(P<0.05),PrPc分别在白斑和OSCC组织,正常口腔黏膜与OSCC组织中的表达有统计学差异(P<0.05)。Naa10p的表达水平与OSCC的TNM分期、淋巴结转移、组织学分化程度密切相关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄无关。PrPc表达仅与组织学分化程度密切相关(P<0.05)。PrPc在OSCC中的表达强度随组织学分化程度下降而明显升高(P<0.05),而Naa10p的表达强度随组织学分化程度下降而明显下降(P<0.05)。结论:Naa10p和PrPc与OSCC的发生和转移相关。     

金黄地鼠颊囊癌变过程中DPC4的表达特征

目的:研究dpc4基因在金黄地鼠颊囊癌变过程中的表达特征,探讨其与口腔鳞癌的发生、发展之间的关系及临床意义。方法:用免疫组化技术检测23例金黄地鼠颊囊正常上皮、21例单纯增生上皮、27例异常增生上皮、25例鳞癌组织中DPC-4的表达。结果:DPC-4在正常黏膜上皮组织的细胞质内呈稳定性、强阳性表达,在细胞质内出现棕褐色颗粒;在单纯增生上皮中表达与正常黏膜组织相似;在上皮异常增生组织表达降低,阳性率为74.1%;在鳞癌中的表达亦明显降低,阳性率为48%,且与正常黏膜、异常增生黏膜相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:Smad4的缺失促进了口腔黏膜鳞癌发生发展。     

口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌中Stat3的表达及意义

目的研究口腔黏膜癌前病变和口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)中细胞信号传导和转录激活因子(Stat3)的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化方法分别检测9例正常口腔黏膜,口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)和白斑(OLK)共8例,OLP、OLK伴异常增生22例,OSCC19例中Stat3的表达。结果Stat3阳性表达分布于细胞质和细胞核内。正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生、异常增生和OSCC中Stat3阳性表达率分别为11.11%(1/9)、12.50%(1/8)、59.09%(13/22)和84.21%(16/19)。OSCC与正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生、异常增生相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);异常增生与正常口腔黏膜、单纯增生相比,差异有显著性(P<0.05);而单纯增生和正常口腔黏膜相比差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论Stat3与口腔黏膜癌变的发生发展有着密切关系,对Stat3表达的研究将有助于口腔黏膜癌前病变癌变的检测和OSCC的早期诊断。     

表皮生长因子及其受体在口腔黏膜上皮异常增生和口腔鳞癌中的表达

目的 探讨表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)及其受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)与口腔黏膜癌变的关系.方法 ①以30例健康成年人唾液样本为对照,通过放射免疫法对12例上皮异常增生患者、40例口腔鳞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)患者唾液EGF含量进行测定分析.②采用免疫组化法检测10例正常口腔黏膜,16例上皮异常增生,30例OSCC上皮组织中EGFR的表达水平.结果 ①上皮异常增生组唾液EGF含量[(5.12±4.30)μg/L]显著高于口腔鳞癌[(2.35±1.00)μg/L]和正常对照组[(2.18±1.02)μg/L](P<0.01),OSCC和正常对照组无显著性差异.②上皮异常增生组织中EGFR的表达高于正常黏膜(P<0.05).OSCC中EGFR的表达显著高于正常黏膜(P<0.01).OSCC组和上皮异常增生组织中EGFR的表达无显著性差异.结论 EGF和EGFR可能参与口腔黏膜癌变的早期阶段.     

小分子锌指蛋白1在4-硝基喹啉-N-氧化物诱导SD大鼠颊黏膜癌变中的表达研究

目的 研究口腔黏膜癌变中小分子锌指蛋白1（LMO1）在基因转录和蛋白水平的表达变化。方法 取本课题组前期4-硝基喹啉-N-氧化物（4NQO）饮水法构建鳞癌动物模型的49例样本进行苏木精-伊红（HE）染色,依据上皮异常增生程度确定实验组病理分级并确定实验分组;免疫组织化学染色定性确定LMO1的表达部位;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（RT-qPCR）和Western blot检测5组样本中LMO1 mRNA和蛋白的表达。结果 HE染色确定对照组7例,轻度组6例,中度组11例,重度组9例,OSCC组16例。免疫组织化学染色检测可见,LMO1主要表达于细胞质,对照组、轻度组、中度组、重度组和OSCC组的阳性表达率分别为14.3%、33.3%、81.8%、88.9%、93.8%。RT-qPCR检测可见,对照组LMO1 mRNA的表达量最低,OSCC组最高,对照组与轻度组间mRNA表达差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,其余各组组间两两比较,mRNA的表达差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Western blot检测可见,随着上皮异常增生程度的加重,LMO1的蛋白表达量逐渐上升,在OSCC组中表达最高。结论 口腔黏膜癌变进程中,LMO1 mRNA和蛋白异常表达,且mRNA和蛋白表达量随上皮异常增生程度的加重而增加。     

Detection of human papillomavirus-16 and HPV-18 DNA in normal,dysplastic, and malignant oral epithelium

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to clarify the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with oral carcinogenesis, especially its early stage. STUDY DESIGN: Tissue specimens of normal mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and OSCC cell lines were examined for the presence of HPV-16 and HPV-18 E6 DNA by means of the polymerase chain reaction test. RESULTS: The detection rate of HPV-16 in epithelial dysplasia (31/51) was higher than that in normal mucosa (16/44) and in OSCC (30/86) and was statistically different from that in OSCC. The cases that progressed from epithelial dysplasia to carcinoma showed a significantly higher HPV-16 detection rate than the other cases in both epithelial dysplasia and OSCC. HPV-16 and HPV-18 were detected only at early passages of 2 of 10 OSCC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: These results strongly suggest that HPV-16 may be involved in the early stages of the development of some oral carcinomas.     

细胞角蛋白19和间隙连接蛋白43在4-亚基硝氧喹啉诱发大鼠舌黏膜癌变过程中表达的研究

目的 研究4-亚基硝氧喹啉（4NQO）诱发大鼠口腔黏膜癌变过程中细胞角蛋白19（CK19）和间隙连接蛋白43（Cx43）的表达,探讨口腔黏膜癌变过程中CK19与Cx43的相关性。方法 利用4NQO诱导SD大鼠的口腔黏膜癌变,运用免疫组织化学的方法检测CK19、Cx43在口腔黏膜癌变过程中各阶段的动态变化。结果 在大鼠正常舌黏膜组织中,CK19阳性染色的细胞散在分布于黏膜基底层;随着大鼠舌黏膜上皮异常增生程度的增加,CK19表达于黏膜基底上层;在口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）组织中,CK19阳性染色细胞分布在黏膜各层。CK19在正常舌黏膜、轻度上皮异常增生、中度上皮异常增生、重度上皮异常增生、OSCC组织中阳性表达率分别为30.00%、50.00%、58.33%、80.00%、91.67%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在正常舌黏膜中Cx43蛋白主要表达于大鼠舌黏膜上皮细胞的细胞膜上,上皮的基底层、棘层和颗粒层呈阳性染色。随着大鼠舌黏膜上皮异常增生程度的增加,Cx43的表达明显下降。Cx43在正常舌黏膜、轻度上皮异常增生、中度上皮异常增生、重度上皮异常增生、OSCC组织中阳性表达率分别为100.00%、85.71%、66.67%、40.00%、33.33%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在大鼠舌黏膜癌变过程中,CK19蛋白表达水平随病变程度加重显著升高,提示CK19与口腔上皮细胞的癌变有关;Cx43蛋白表达水平随病变程度加重显著下降,Cx43表达下降是口腔黏膜癌变的早期事件。CK19与Cx43蛋白表达呈负相关,CK19和Cx43的联合检测对OSCC的早期诊断有重要的作用,有利于提高OSCC早期诊断的灵敏度和特异性。     

Expression of p16 in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

Background:  Expression of p16 has been proposed as a marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to evaluate p16 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia.
Methods:  Expression of p16 was investigated in 56 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa. Expression of p16 was identified by immunohistochemistry, using the CINtecTM p16INK4a Histology Kit. Both nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining of the keratinocytes were considered to be positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated.
Results:  Expression of p16 was detected in 3/16 (18.75%) cases of OSCC, in 4/15 (26.7%) cases of OL without dysplasia, and in none of OL with dysplasia and normal mucosa. No significant differences in p16 expression prevalence were found among OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal mucosa. The percentages of positive cells in OSCC and OL without dysplasia were 0.89 and 0.17, respectively. No significant difference in the percentage of positive keratinocytes was found.
Conclusion:  As a marker, p16 is not reliable for oral mucosal dysplasia and malignant transformation.     

Alteration in the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 proteins in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 : 793–799 Background: Cdk4 and cdk6, key players in G1 phase, have been shown to play an important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study investigated the expression of these two proteins in OSCC and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia and determined if alterations in the expression of these two proteins could be used as markers of malignant transformation. Methods: Expressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were evaluated in 61 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal oral mucosa using immunohistochemistry method. Nuclear staining of the keratinocytes was considered positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated. Results: Expression of cdk4 was found in 11/15 (73.33%) OSCC, 13/14 (92.85%) OL with dysplasia, 13/20 (65%) OL without dysplasia and 3/12 (25%) normal mucosa. Expression of cdk6 was detected in 9/15 (60%) OSCC, 3/14 (21.43%) OL with dysplasia, 5/20 (25%) OL without dysplasia and 1/12 (8.33%) normal mucosa. In cdk4 stained specimens, the frequency of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa was significantly lower than OL with dysplasia and OSCC. For cdk6 staining, the prevalence of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa were significantly lower than OSCC. Conclusions: Overexpressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were observed in OSCC, indicating that these two proteins play a crucial role in OSCC. The aberrant expression of cdk4 was found in OL with dysplasia, suggesting that cdk4 may be involved in the early event of carcinogenesis.     

P16蛋白在口咽癌和口腔癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:分析口咽癌和口腔癌中P16蛋白表达情况及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学染色法检测70例口咽癌和60例口腔癌中P16蛋白的表达情况,分析其与患者临床病理学指标的相关性及临床意义.结果:口咽癌中P16蛋白的阳性率为22.9％(16/70),与P16阴性组相比,患者的年龄、吸烟、病理分化、N分期和TNM临床分期具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);口腔癌中P16蛋白的阳性率为8.3％ (5/60),与P16阴性组相比,病理分化和TNM临床分期有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:口咽癌中P16蛋白阳性率明显高于口腔癌,HPV感染是口咽癌和口腔癌不可忽视的诱发因素.     

Immunohistochemical expression of p53, p16 and hTERT in oral squamous cell carcinoma and potentially malignant disorders

Oral carcinogenesis is a multi-step process. One possible step is the development of potentially malignant disorders known as leukoplakia and erytroplakia. The objective of this study was to use immunohistochemistry to analyze the patterns of expression of the cell-cycle regulatory proteins p53 and p16(INK4a) in potentially malignant disorders (PMD) of the oral mucosa (with varying degrees of dysplasia) and in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) to correlate them with the expression of telomerase (hTERT). Fifteen PMD and 30 OSCC tissue samples were analyzed. Additionally, 5 cases of oral epithelial hyperplasia (OEH) were added to analyze clinically altered mucosa presenting as histological hyperplasia without dysplasia. p53 positivity was observed in 93.3% of PMD, in 63.3% of OSCC and in 80% of OEH. Although there was no correlation between p53 expression and the grade of dysplasia, all cases with severe dysplasia presented p53 suprabasal immunoexpression. p16(INK4a) expression was observed in 26.7% of PMD, in 43.3% of OSCC and in 2 cases of OEH. The p16(INK4a) expression in OEH, PMD and OSCC was unable to differentiate non-dysplastic from dysplastic oral epithelium. hTERT positivity was observed in all samples of OEH and PMD and in 90% of OSCC. The high hTERT immunoexpression in all three lesions indicates that telomerase is present in clinically altered oral mucosa but does not differentiate hyperplastic from dysplastic oral epithelium. In PMD of the oral mucosa, the p53 immunoexpression changes according to the degree of dysplasia by mechanisms independent of p16(INK4a) and hTERT.