全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术(totalkneearthroplasty,TKA)治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形的临床疗效。方法对40例(45膝)膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形患者采用后稳定型人工膝关节行TKA术。术后加压包扎,应用抗生素,并加强功能锻炼。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析。结果本组均获随访,平均30个月(3个月～6年),HSS评分由术前平均(38±8.24)分提高为术后平均(83±8.53)分,其中优32膝,良10膝,可3膝,优良率为93.3%,活动度由术前平均67.44°改善至术后平均93.68°,总外翻角平均6.2°(0°～10°)。结论TKA是治疗膝骨关节炎膝内翻畸形的有效方法,术中应重视膝周软组织平衡,矫正膝内翻畸形时遵循膝关节屈伸位间隙对称的原则,术后应加强功能康复训练。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

目的评价人工膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎的临床疗效,探讨人工膝关节置换术后并发症的原因。方法本组24例30膝膝关节骨关节炎患者进行人工全膝关节置换术,一期单膝置换18例,双膝同时置换6例,均采用后方稳定性假体。结果本组随访1～4年,平均2年。应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析,优24膝,良3膝,可2膝,差1膝,优良率90%。并发症：腓总神经损伤2例,人工膝关节脱位1例,有1膝差25°不能完全伸直。结论人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重膝关节骨关节炎的有效方法,正确进行人工膝关节置换的手术操作是取得满意临床效果的保证。     

膝关节表面置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎31例近期疗效观察

[目的]评价人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎的效果.[方法]对31例应用全膝关节置换术治疗的膝骨关节炎患者的临床资料进行临床分析和总结.[结果]根据John·N·Insall评分标准,术后在疼痛、关节功能及活动度等方面均有明显的改善.[结论]全膝关节置换术是治疗膝骨关节炎的切实有效方法,但应注意适应证的选择及胫骨假体的正确放置以减少胫骨假体的松动,而且其远期疗效尚待进一步观察.     

提高人工全膝关节置换术后屈曲度的临床研究

目的：探讨影响人工全膝关节置换术患者术后屈膝的因素,提高人工全膝关节置换术后的屈曲活动度。方法：自2005年3月-2010年3月,随访112例患者136膝行人工全膝关节置换术（totalkneearthropk—ty,TKA）,男42例57膝,女70例79膝：年龄35～79岁,平均64．9岁。膝关节骨关节炎94膝,类风湿关节炎18膝。膝内翻畸形98膝（平均12．8±3．1）,膝外翻畸形14膝（平均5．10±2．4）,屈曲畸形3l膝（平均15．6±2．1）。膝关节骨关节炎患者术前活动度为61°-135°,平均110．5°;类风湿关节炎患者为41°～120°,平均85．5°。手术均采用Zimmer高屈曲度全膝关节假体。临床疗效以HSS评分为标准,根据影像学资料评估膝关节假体位置、下肢力线以及骨缺损修复情况。结果：112例患者136膝术后平均随访6个月。术前HSS平均（69．6±7．4）分,术后平均（90．9±6．7）分。优86膝,良18膝,可4膝,差4膝,优良率为92．6％。膝关节活动度由术前平均98．5°,改善至术中平均125．4°,终末随访时平均121．5°。结论：患者术前活动度、手术技术、特殊的假体设计以及积极的术后锻炼都是影响全膝关节置换术后屈曲度的重因素,尤其是手术技术。但既往有膝关节手术史、肥胖等患者,人工全膝关节置换术后的活动度都会受到一定的影响。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎

[目的]评价人工膝关节置换术治疗骨关节炎的临床疗效。[方法]本院自1994年10月～2003年10月采用人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节骨关节炎81例（95膝），男10例，女71例；平均年龄65．5岁（50—82岁）；左膝35例，右膝26例，双侧同时置换17例；保留后交叉韧带假体18膝，后方稳定性假体62膝，活动衬垫15膝。[结果]本组平均随访42个月（14—108个月），应用HSS膝关节评分系统进行分析，优：80膝（84．21％），良：10膝（10．53％），可：3膝（3．16％），差：2膝（2．10％）。优良率94．74％。[结论]作者认为人工全膝关节置换术能有效的缓解膝关节骨关节炎的疼痛，改善膝关节功能。正确的选择假体、精细的手术操作和严格的术后康复是保证手术效果的关键。     

全膝关节置换术治疗膝骨关节炎围手术期研究进展

膝骨关节炎的手术治疗方式有多种。全膝关节置换术作为晚期膝骨关节炎患者的治疗方法,虽然是公认的金标准,但是仍存在术后感染、假体松动、下沉、位置不良等风险。现就全膝关节置换术的术前、术中和术后阶段的研究进展进行综述,以指导临床上选择合适方法提高患者术后满意度。     

全膝关节表面置换术治疗晚期骨关节炎效果分析

目的探讨晚期膝骨关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术治疗的临床效果。方法对2012-06—2014-06间收治88例晚期膝骨关节炎患者,采用全膝关节表面置换术治疗。并于手术前及手术后15 d行膝功能评分。术后随访12个月,观察效果及并发症情况。结果术后患者膝功能优良率显著高于术前,且膝关节及膝功能评分均较治疗前显著升高,治疗前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。随访期间,患者均无感染、脱位、松动以及屈曲不稳等病例发生。结论晚期膝骨关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换术治疗的效果显著,能够有效改善患者症状,增强患膝稳定性和患者行走活动能力,改善患者生活质量。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗单侧膝内翻合并屈曲挛缩畸形效果观察

目的探讨人工全膝关节置换术治疗单侧膝内翻合并屈曲挛缩畸形的效果。方法对28例单侧膝内翻合并屈曲挛缩畸形患者应用人工全膝关节置换术治疗,术后随访12个月,比较治疗前后膝关节股胫角、屈曲挛缩度、膝关节屈伸活动度和HSS评分及疗效。结果患者均顺利完成手术。随访12个月,患者膝关节股胫角,屈曲挛缩度,膝关节屈伸活动度与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);依据膝关节HSS评分治疗优良率92.86%(26/28),未出现下肢不等长、跛行和严重感染等。结论人工全膝关节置换术治疗单侧膝关节内翻合并屈曲挛缩畸形,可明显改善膝关节功能,效果确切。术中软组织松解是矫正膝关节内翻屈曲挛缩畸形的关键。     

高屈曲度人工全膝关节置换术的临床疗效

目的 探讨影响人工全膝关节置换术患者术后屈膝的因素,以及获得相对最大屈曲度的技术.方法 自2002年3月至2007年3月,85例患者102膝行高屈曲度人工全膝关节置换术(LPS-Flex knee arthroplasty,LF-KA),男16例17膝,女69例85膝;年龄35～79岁,平均64.9岁.膝关节骨关节炎94膝,类风湿关节炎8膝.膝内翻畸形82膝(平均12.8°±3.1°),膝外翻畸形7膝(平均5.1°±2.4°),屈曲畸形31膝(平均15.6°±4.9°).骨缺损5膝.膝关节骨关节炎患者术前活动度为61°～135°,平均110.5°;类风湿关节炎患者为41°～120.,平均85.5°.手术均采用NexGen,LPS-Flex假体.临床疗效以HSS评分为标准,根据影像学资料评估膝关节假体位置、下肢力线以及骨缺损修复情况.结果 66例81膝随访24～60个月,平均39个月.术前HSS平均(69.6±7.4)分,术后平均(90.9±4.8)分.优64膝,良11膝,中4膝,差2膝,优良率为92.6%.膝关节活动度由术前平均100.5°,改善至术中平均136.8°,终末随访时平均127.5°.结论 膝关节活动度的改善对满足患者的日常生活需要尤为重要.患者术前活动度、手术技术、特殊的假体设计以及积极的术后锻炼都是实现全膝关节置换术后最大屈曲度的重要因素.但肥胖、有膝关节手术史、强直性脊柱炎等患者,人工全膝关节置换术后的活动度都会受到一定的限制.     

人工全膝关节置换术的适应证选择及疗效分析

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换术的手术适应证及影响疗效的因素。方法：对20例24膝人工全膝关节置换术进行临床分析和总结。结果：人工全膝关节置换术后疼痛，关节功能及活动度分别较术前改善70%，57%和35%，结论：人工全膝关节置换术是治疗严重类风湿性关节炎和骨性关节炎的有效方法。     

An Anatomic Study on Whether the Patella is Centered in an Ideal Anteroposterior Radiograph of the Knee

BackgroundCurrently, an anteroposterior radiograph of the knee is judged based on a centered position of the patella between the femoral condyles. We are not aware of any anatomic literature supporting this recommendation.Questions/PurposesOrthogonal images are required for accurate assessment of knee deformity. Although an image with the patella centered at the distal femur is generally accepted as a true anteroposterior (AP) radiograph of the knee, there is minimal anatomic data to support that this view is orthogonal to a true lateral view of the knee where the condyles are overlapped. We designed an anatomical study to test the relationship between these two radiographic views.MethodsWe studied 428 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 40 to 79 years of age at death. Centering of the patella was calculated based on distal femoral and patellar widths. Multiple regression analysis was then performed to determine the relationship between patellar centering and age, gender, ethnicity, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), femoral anteversion, and contralateral centering.ResultsAverage patellar centering was 0.13 ± 0.04, indicating that the average patella was laterally positioned in the distal femur. Only mLDFA and contralateral centering showed statistically significant independent correlations with patellar centering with modest standardized beta coefficients of 0.10 and 0.23, respectively.ConclusionsIn the average specimen, the patella is laterally deviated by 13% of the condylar width. Clinicians should be aware that a lateral view with the femoral condyles overlapped is not always orthogonal to a patella-centered AP view when planning and implementing deformity correction.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11420-014-9419-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Preclinical Evaluation Method for Total Knees Designed to Restore Normal Knee Mechanics

The objective was to develop a simple, rapid, and low-cost method for evaluating proposed new total knee arthroplasty (TKA) models and then to evaluate 3 different TKA models with different kinematic characteristics. A “desktop” knee testing rig was used to apply forces and moments over a full flexion range, representing a spectrum of positions and activities; and the positions of the femur on the tibia were measured. The average neutral path of motion (for compressive force only) and the laxities about the neutral path (for superimposed shear and torque) were determined from 8 knee specimens to be used as a benchmark for the TKA evaluations. A typical posterior-stabilized TKA did not display the normal external femoral rotation with flexion and also showed abnormal anterior sliding on the medial side. A medial-pivot type of guided-motion design showed medial stability comparable to anatomical but still did not produce external femoral rotation and posterior lateral displacement with flexion. The addition of a central cam-post produced the rotation and displacement but only after 75° of flexion. It was concluded that the test method satisfied the objective and could be used as a design tool for evaluating new and existing designs, as well as for formulating a TKA with anatomical characteristics.     

单髁置换术与全膝关节置换术治疗膝单间室骨性关节炎近中期疗效的对比研究

目的探讨膝单髁置换术(UKA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)治疗膝单间室重度骨性关节炎(KOA)的近中期临床疗效。方法随访本研究中因患膝单间室重度KOA接受单髁置换术的患者23例(23膝),同时期同术者施行的全膝关节置换术50例(56膝)。UKA组23位患者22名获得到了较为完整的临床随访,1例死亡。平均时间为28.6个月(4个月～7年),TKA组50位患者均获得随访,平均时间为32.9个月(2个月～7年)。对手术前后HSS评分,疼痛缓解,术中出血量及术后3d血红蛋白下降量,关节屈曲大于90°时间及屈曲大于120°膝关节数进行比较。结果UKA组与TKA组均获得满意疗效,两组患者均无假体松动,无关节翻修等严重并发症,HSS评分UKA组术前(64±5.75)分,术后末次随访(86±7.85)分(t=11.53,P0.001);TKA组术前(61±6.53)分,术后末次随访(84±7.92)分(t=18.64,P0.001)。与TKA组比较,UKA组术中出血(t=12.47,P0.001)及术后3d天血红蛋白下降少(t=13.61,P0.001),疼痛缓解相似(2=0.007,P0.05),术后膝关节屈曲到90°时间短(t=3.97,P0.05),术后能屈曲到120°的比率高。结论在严格掌握适应证的前提下,对于膝单间室重度KOA患者的手术治疗,UKA的近中期疗效可与TKA相媲美,而且UKA具有创伤小,出血少,患者耐受性好,术后恢复快的优点。     

Neglected irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation

Knee dislocations are rare injuries. Posterolateral knee dislocations are only a small subset of them. There is a paucity of literature regarding the management of such neglected cases. We report here, a case of neglected irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation treated with open reduction and isolated posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction followed by gradual rehabilitation with good outcome at 3 years followup.     

High knee valgus in female subjects does not yield higher knee translations during drop landings: A biplane fluoroscopic study

The goal of this study was to determine the effects of peak knee valgus angle and peak knee abductor moment on the anterior, medial, and lateral tibial translations (ATT, MTT, LTT) in the “at risk” female knee during drop landing. Fifteen female subjects performed drop landings from 40 cm. Three‐dimension knee motion was simultaneously recorded using a high speed, biplane fluoroscopy system, and a video‐based motion analysis system. Valgus knee angles and knee abduction moments were stratified into low, intermediate, and high groups and peak ATT, MTT, and LTT were compared between these groups with ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant differences were observed between stratified groups in peak knee valgus angle (p < 0.0001) and peak knee abduction moment (p < 0.0001). However, no corresponding differences in peak ATT, LTT, and MTT between groups exhibiting low to high‐peak knee valgus angles (ATT: p = 0.80; LTT: p = 0.25; MTT: p = 0.72); or, in peak ATT (p = 0.61), LTT (p = 0.26) and MTT (p = 0.96) translations when stratified according to low to high knee abduction moments, were found. We conclude that the healthy female knee is tightly regulated with regard to translations even when motion analysis derived knee valgus angles and abduction moments are high. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 257–267, 2013     

Total knee arthroplasty for the stiff knee

The underlying cause of stiffness must be carefully evaluated when considering total knee arthrolasty for the stiff knee. Any previous skin incision must be recorded as well as the state of the extensor mechanism. The choice of prosthesis constraint should be decided on the state of the soft-tissues often released extensively to gain flexion. A quadriceps release or plasty and a tibial tubercle osteotomy are the current options for exposure, soft-tissue release and bone cuts. Postoperatively, the motion should be started early combined to pain control in order to obtain an average of 65° of flexion at follow-up. The complication rate remains high including recurrent stiffness, delayed wound healing and deep infection.     

合并膝内翻骨性关节炎全膝关节置换的处理

目的探讨膝骨性关节炎合并膝内翻畸形者行膝关节置换时膝内翻的矫正方法。方法172例（190膝）合并内翻畸形骨性关节炎患者进行全膝关节表面置换术。术前测量膝内翻角、关节面夹角、胫骨角、胫骨内翻角及胫骨平台后倾角,其内翻角为8°～21°,参考关节面夹角、胫骨角及胫骨内翻角确定膝内翻的类型,术中根据膝内翻的类型及构成因素进行相应的胫骨截骨及适度的软组织松解。结果出现切口感染2例（2膝）,1例为急性感染,1例为迟发性感染,2例均经清创、假体取出并膝关节融合术后痊愈。术后内翻矫正157膝,仍有膝内翻33膝,内翻角3°～9°（4.8°±0.9°）。165例（182膝）获得随访,时间8～90（40±3.5）个月。末次随访时除2例感染外,余膝关节活动度为：伸直0°168膝,伸直受限＆lt;10°11膝,伸直受限11°～15°3膝;屈曲90°～130°。临床及X线检查未见明显松动迹象。HSS膝关节评分由术前12～57（30±5.5）分提高到76～89（79.2±4.3）分。结论术前明确膝内翻的类型及构成因素,术中采取针对性操作进行适度的软组织松解及正确的截骨,是全膝关节置换膝内翻获得矫正的有效方法。