左乙拉西坦氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法方法学验证

目的对左乙拉西坦氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查法进行方法学验证。方法采用《中国药典》2010年版附录细菌内毒素检查法。结果左乙拉西坦浓度在2.5 mg.ml-1,用灵敏度为0.125 EU.ml-1的鲎试剂检测细菌内毒素无干扰。结论左乙拉西坦氯化钠注射液可用鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检查。     

曲克芦丁氯化钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的考察

目的 建立曲克芦丁氯化钠注射液的细菌内毒索检查方法。方法 按中国药典2000年版附录细菌内毒素检查法要求进行实验。结果 曲克芦丁氯化钠注射液2倍稀释后,不干扰鲎试剂与细菌内毒素的凝胶反应。结论 可用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔法对曲克芦丁氯化钠注射液的热原检查。     

华蟾素注射液细菌内毒素检查法的考察

目的建立华蟾素注射液细菌内毒素检查的方法。方法以不同厂家的鲎试剂对3批华蟾素注射液分别进行干扰试验。结果华蟾素注射液对鲎试剂的凝集反应无干扰作用，选用标示灵敏度为0．25EU·ml^-1的鲎试剂检查华蟾素注射液中的细菌内毒素方法可行、有效。结论细菌内毒素检查法可以用来代替家兔法检查华蟾素注射液中的热原。     

枸橼酸钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法的考察

目的 建立枸橼酸钠注射液细菌内毒素检查方法.方法 按<中国药典>2005年版附录细菌内毒素检查法,分别进行了鲎试剂灵敏度复核试验、细菌内毒素干扰试验.结果 枸橼酸钠注射液稀释6倍后,不干扰鲎试剂与细菌内毒素的凝胶反应.结论 可用细菌内毒素检查法替代家兔法检查枸橼酸钠注射液中的细菌内毒素.     

盐酸氨溴索葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查

目的 建立盐酸氨溴索葡萄糖注射液细菌内毒素检查法。方法 采用《中国药典》(2000年版)附录细菌内毒素检查法。结果 盐酸氨溴索葡萄糖注射液用鲎试剂检测细菌内毒素无干扰因素的影响。结论 盐酸氨溴索葡萄糖注射液可应用鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检查。     

盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查

目的建立盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查方法。方法根据《中国药典》2005版（二部）细菌内毒素检查方法,用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同批号的样品分别进行干扰试验,建立盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。结果盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液稀释至质量浓度为0.25 mg/m l时对细菌内毒素检查无干扰。结论可用细菌内毒素检查法检查盐酸洛美沙星葡萄糖注射液的细菌内毒素。     

茵栀黄注射液中细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的 建立茵栀黄注射液的细菌内毒素检查法。方法 用不同厂家的鲎试剂对不同厂家不同批号的茵栀黄注射液分别进行干扰试验,考察确立茵栀黄注射液细菌内毒素检查方法。结果 将茵栀黄注射液稀释40倍可消除干扰作用,结果 准确可靠。结论 细菌内毒素检查法用于茵栀黄注射液的内毒素检查是可行的。     

动态浊度法定量测定右旋糖酐20氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素的含量

目的 探讨建立动态浊度法定量测定右旋糖酐20氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素的方法。方法 参照中国药典2000年版附录中细菌内毒素检查法及细菌内毒素检查法应用指导原则的规定，对右旋糖酐20氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素定量测定进行可行性研究。结果 右旋糖酐20氯化钠注射液经8倍稀释后可完全消除其对鲎试剂与细菌内毒素凝集反应的干扰。结论 应用动态浊度法定量测定右旋糖酐20氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素含量，结果准确，方法可行。     

动态浊度法定量测定克林霉素磷酸酯氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素的含量

目的探讨建立动态浊度法定量测定克林霉素磷酸酯氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素的方法。方法参照中国药典2005年版附录中细菌内毒素检查法及细菌内毒素检查法应用指导原则的规定，对克林霉素磷酸酯氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素定量测定进行可行性研究。结果克林霉素磷酸酯氯化钠注射液经8倍稀释后可完全消除其对鲎试剂与细菌内毒素凝集反应的干扰。结论应用动态浊度法定量测定克林霉素磷酸酯氯化钠注射液中细菌内毒素含量，结果准确，在实际应用中完全可行。     

盐酸哌替啶注射液细菌内毒素检查方法研究

目的建立盐酸哌替啶注射液细菌内毒素检查法。方法采用《中国药典》2005年版附录细菌内毒素检查法。结果盐酸哌替啶注射液经40倍稀释后,用灵敏度为0.25EU·ml^-1的鲎试剂检测,无干扰因素的影响。结论盐酸哌替啶注射液可应用鲎试剂进行细菌内毒素检查。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.