亚低温治疗重度弥漫性轴索伤的临床研究

目的 旨在探讨亚低温对重度弥漫性轴索伤（DAI）的治疗作用及患者颅内压、预后的关系。方法 本组观察了80例重度弥漫性轴索伤,在常规治疗的同时,对60例亚低温治疗。80例重度DAI患者分为亚低温和常温两组,所有患者均行颅内压监护5－7天。全部患者于伤后3个月行GOS评分判断预后。结果 在亚低温组,其颅内压明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）;亚低温组的死亡率为26．7％,而常温治疗组为55％（P＜0．05）。结论 重度DAI后,不仅应及时诊断,而且要尽早应用亚低温治疗、尽早降温。亚低温治疗有明显降低颅内压的疗效。亚低温治疗可以明显提高重度DAI患者的生存率和生存质量,降低DAI的死亡率和伤残率。     

亚低温治疗弥漫性轴索损伤的临床疗效

 目的研究亚低温对弥漫性轴索损伤(Diffuse axonal injury,DAI)的治疗作用及临床效果.方法53例DAI患者随机分为亚低温治疗组和对照组.亚低温治疗组26例,均于伤后24h内行亚低温治疗,直肠温度(BT)控制在32～33℃,持续1～7 d,同时监测患者的生命体征、颅内压(ICP)、血糖、血气、电解质.对照组27例,其他治疗同亚低温组.两组患者均于伤后3个月根据℃OS评估法判定疗效.结果与对照组相比,亚低温治疗组患者伤后早期的高ICP显著下降(P＜0.05);生命体征、血气及电解质差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05);无严重并发症,病死率降低,恢复良好率提高,预后显著改善.结论亚低温具有显著的脑保护作用,临床上用于治疗DAI患者,安全有效.     

海水淹溺大鼠肺脏内皮素及降钙素基因相关肽含量的变化

目的　研究低温海水淹溺大鼠肺脏内皮素 (ET)及降钙素基因相关肽 (CGRP)含量变化规律 ,探讨二者对肺脏功能的影响。方法　将大鼠随机分为对照组和淹溺组。淹溺组大鼠分别置于 16～ 18℃海水中自由游动 ,于淹溺后 5 ,15 ,30 ,6 0 ,2 4 0 ,36 0 m in及死亡后测量肛温 ,自左心室取血 1ml行血气分析 ,处死动物取左肺计算肺干湿重比值 ,取右肺检测 ET和 CGRP含量。结果　海水淹溺后 ,不同时间组动物肛温、肺组织干湿重比值、p H、Pa O2 明显降低 ,其中肛温、p H、Pa O2 于 5 min时降至最低点 ,肺组织干湿重比值于 6 0 m in降至最低点 ;Pa CO2 则明显升高 ,于 5 m in组升至最高点 ;随后上述指标呈恢复趋势 ,然而除 p H于 2 4 0及 36 0 min时接近正常对照水平外 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,其余均仍未恢复到正常对照组水平 (P<0 .0 1)。 ET含量于 30 min和 CGRP含量于 15 m in分别降至最低点 [(15 .6 8± 6 .5 3) ng/ L及(34.4 7± 5 .5 8) ng/ L ],与正常对照组相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,随后呈上升趋势 ,前者至 2 4 0 m in高达 (5 8.92± 6 .39) ng/ L ,比正常对照组 (30 .72± 7.0 6 ) ng/ L明显增高 (P<0 .0 1) ,36 0 min时 (2 5 .6 9±4 .2 7) ng/ L恢复接近正常对照组水平 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;后者至 36 0 m in时 (49.6     

脑创伤大鼠透析液一氧化氮变化及亚低温治疗的影响

目的　研究脑创伤大鼠致伤后致伤中心、致伤区外侧侧脑室和致伤对侧海马区透析液一氧化氮 (NO)的变化以及亚低温治疗的影响。　方法　选用Wistar大鼠制作大鼠脑创伤模型 ;随机分为正常对照组、常温致伤组和亚低温治疗组 ;透析管插入致伤区中心、致伤区外侧侧脑室和致伤对侧海马区 ,灌流速度为 4 μl min ,透析 5h。亚低温治疗组在脑创伤后用冰袋全身降温至脑温30℃保持 1h ,然后加热复温至 37℃。　结果　 (1)正常对照组致伤区中心、致伤区外侧侧脑室和致伤对侧海马区的NO分别为 (14 .17± 2 .0 3)、(2 5 .4 3± 1.2 7)、(17.10± 1.83) μmol L ;(2 )致伤区中心NO :常温致伤组明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,伤后 0 .5h最高 ;亚低温治疗组伤后 1hNO较正常对照组明显升高 ,0 .5h明显低于常温致伤组 ;(3)致伤区外侧NO :常温致伤组伤后与正常对照组无区别 ;亚低温治疗组NO较两组明显降低 ,复温后逐渐恢复 ,但仍明显比常温致伤组低 ;(4)对侧海马区NO :常温致伤组和亚低温治疗组NO均下降 ,但两组之间差异无显著性意义。　结论　亚低温治疗对脑创伤后早期致伤区中心组织NO有一定的抑制作用 ,对致伤对侧海马区NO无影响 ,主要是明显降低了致伤区外侧正常脑组织细胞外液NO的水平 ,具有保护脑创伤后正常组织的作用 ,从而     

高海拔地区消化性溃疡患者血浆内皮素水平变化

目的 :观察高海拔地区 (海拔 2 2 60m)消化性溃疡患者血浆内皮素 (ET)水平的变化及与病情的关系 ;方法 :采用放射免疫分析法测定了 2 2例胃溃疡、1 5例十二指肠溃疡患者外周血ET -1水平 ,并与 2 0例健康人对照结果 :血浆ET -1水平 (ng/L) :胃溃疡组 ( 82 .50± 1 7.50 )ng/L ,十二指肠溃疡组 ( 81 .2 0± 1 8.3 2 )ng/L ,较对照组 ( 62 .54±5.82 )ng/L显著升高 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;胃溃疡组与十二指肠溃疡组比较差异无显著性 (P <0 .0 5) ;活动期胃和十二指肠溃疡组血浆ET水平均明显高于疤痕期 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;结论 :在高海拔地区血浆内皮素水平升高与消化性溃疡的发生密切相关 ,且血浆内皮素水平与病情的活动性有关。     

选择性脑亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤

目的　比较选择性脑亚低温与全身亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的治疗效果。方法　将 6 9例重型颅脑损伤 (GCS≤ 8分 )患者分成 3组 :(1 )选择性脑亚低温组 2 3例 ,头部局部降温 ,将脑温降至 33～ 35℃ ,治疗 3～ 5日 ;(2 )全身亚低温组 2 2例 ,全身降温 ,将脑温降至 33～ 35℃ ,治疗 3～ 5日 ;(3)常温对照组 2 4例 ,予常规治疗。结果　选择性脑亚低温组预后良好率为 5 6 .5 % (1 3/ 2 3) ,病死率 2 1 .7% (5 / 2 3) ,与全身亚低温组相仿 [分别为 5 4 .5 % (1 2 / 2 2 )和 2 2 .7% (5 / 2 2 ) ],与对照组比较 (良好率 2 5 % ,病死率 4 5 .8% ) ,有显著差异(P <0 .0 5 )。全身组与对照组总并发症发生率比较无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而选择性脑亚低温组总并发症发生率明显低于全身组与对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　选择性脑亚低温对重型颅脑损伤的疗效与全身亚低温相仿 ,明显优于常温对照组 ,是目前治疗重型颅脑损伤安全而有效的方法之一。     

亚低温干预对脑创伤大鼠肠道吸收功能的影响

目的　探讨在脑创伤和亚低温干预后肠道吸收功能的改变。　方法　 6 0只SD大鼠行胃造瘘手术后随机分为 3组 ,对照组为正常常温处理组 ,Ⅰ组为脑创伤常温处理组 ,Ⅱ组为脑创伤亚低温处理组 ,各组均于致伤后 (对照组为钻颅孔后 ) 6h、1,3,7d时经造瘘管注入15N -甘氨酸(15N -GLY)示踪剂 ,并测定血浆15N -GLY丰度以观察肠道吸收功能的改变。　结果　 (1)Ⅰ组伤后 1周内肠道吸收功能明显下降 ,伤后 6h最低 ,血浆15N -GLY原子百分超 (APE)为 (1.0 3±0 .10 ) % ,明显低于正常对照组的 (2 .14± 0 .14) % (P <0 .0 1) ;(2 )Ⅱ组肠道吸收功能呈现与Ⅰ组相似的改变趋势 ,伤后 6h血浆15N -GLYAPE为 (0 .86± 0 .13) % ,比Ⅰ组更低 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　脑创伤可使伤后早期肠道吸收功能明显降低 ,而亚低温治疗可进一步抑制肠道吸收功能     

亚低温治疗重型颅脑损伤的临床应用及脑氧代谢研究

目的　探讨亚低温疗法对重型颅脑损伤患者的脑保护机理及临床疗效。方法　 112例重型颅脑损伤患者 (GCS≤ 8分 )随机分为亚低温治疗组和常温治疗组。亚低温组 6 5例 ,于伤后 4～ 12小时内行亚低温治疗 ,术中将脑温探头置于硬膜下腔 ,将脑温控制在 32～ 35℃。亚低温治疗 4～ 7天 ,同时检测颈动脉和颈静脉血气及电解质变化、颅内压 (ICP)、血糖及生命体征等指标。常温组除未行亚低温治疗外 ,其余治疗及监测方法同亚低温组。两组病人均于伤后 3个月根据GOS预后评分判定疗效。结果　与常温组比较 ,亚低温治疗组病人脑氧耗明显好转 ,伤后早期高颅压 (ICP)、高血糖情况分别显著下降 ,生命体征及电解质等无明显差异 ,无严重并发症 ,死残率明显降低 ,预后显著改善。结论　亚低温具有显著的脑保护作用 ,临床应用于重型颅脑损伤的救治安全有效 ,无严重并发症     

海训对心率、血压和血浆NO,ET的影响

目的　探讨海训对指战员心血管系统及血浆NO ,ET水平的影响。方法　用常规方法检测某部指战员海训前的血压、心率 ,用放射免疫法测定血浆NO ,ET浓度 ,分别在海训前、初次和末次海训时、海训结束后检测上述指标并加以比较。结果　海训前、初次、末次海训时及海训结束后指战员血浆NO浓度分别为 3 9.6± 7.3 ,43 .5± 5 .5 ,42 .2± 5 .4和 3 9.8± 5 .9ng/L ;ET浓度分别为 5 1.9± 7.9,68.4± 14 .5 ,69.3± 19.7和5 2 .1± 8.2ng/L。训练时血压 :收缩压 19.2± 1.5kPa( 1kPa=7 5mmHg) ,舒张压 11.9± 0 .9kPa ,心率 ( 12 7.0± 8.4)次 /min)及血浆NO ,ET值较训练前显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;末次训练时与初次训练时比较指战员心率、收缩压和舒张压值及NO ,ET浓度无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;海训结束后指战员心率、收缩压和舒张压值及NO ,ET浓度较训练前无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,海训时指战员血浆NO ,ET值与血压、心率有明显相关性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　NO与ET在海训时对指战员的心血管系统有重要作用。     

亚低温联合大剂量纳洛酮治疗外伤性急性弥漫性脑肿胀的临床研究

目的探讨亚低温联合大剂量纳洛酮治疗外伤性急性弥漫性脑肿胀(PADBS)的机制与疗效。方法选择伤后12 h内入院的PADBS患者51例(治疗组)接受亚低温联合大剂量纳洛酮治疗,同期入院常温下未用纳洛酮治疗的同类患者51例作为对照组;所有患者其他治疗措施均基本相同。同时监测病人的生命体征,血浆β-内啡肽(β-EP)均值、颅内压(ICP)、脑灌注压(CPP)、血糖、血乳酸、血气、血电解质。均于伤后3个月时根据GOS评估法判定疗效。结果与对照组相比,亚低温联合大剂量纳洛酮治疗组病人伤后早期的血浆β-EP均值、高ICP、高血糖、高乳酸血症分别明显下降(P<0.01),低CPP明显上升(P<0.01);生命体征、血气及血电解质差异无统计学意义;无严重并发症。将恢复良好、中残、重残合称为治疗有效,将植物生存、死亡合称为治疗无效。治疗组治疗有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而治疗无效率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组觉醒天数显著短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论PADBS患者早期应用亚低温联合大剂量纳洛酮治疗可明显提高临床疗效,缩短昏迷时间,无严重并发症。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.