脓毒性休克患儿心肌酶及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平变化的临床意义

目的 探讨心肌酶及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与小儿脓毒性休克病情严重程度及预后的关系.方法 2006年1月至2011年3月我科收治脓毒性休克患儿共52例,分为重度脓毒性休克组(27例)和轻度脓毒性休克组(25例).入院时检测脓毒性休克患儿的肌酸激酶同工酶(creatine kinase-MB,CK-MB)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,α-HBDH)、乳酸脱氢酶(lacficdehydrogenase,LDH)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)含量,并与健康体检儿童(正常对照组)32例进行对比分析.轻、重度脓毒性休克组患儿于入院后第1、2、4、7、10、15天动态监测以上指标,同时密切观察脓毒性休克患儿的病情变化,记录死亡情况和治愈出院时间.结果 轻、重度感染性休克组患儿入院时血清CK-MB[ (32.084±4.595) U/L、(61.481±5.639) U/L]较对照组[(21.675±3.453) U/L]明显升高;α-HBDH/LDH(0.694±0.080、0.884±0.079)较对照组(0.443±0.065)明显升高;HDL-C[ (0.646±0.067) mmol/L、(0.310±0.124) mmol/L]较对照组[(1.012±0.156) mmol/L]明显降低,3组间比较差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).重度脓毒性休克组死亡5例,轻度组无死亡病例.重度脓毒性休克组患儿较轻度组在CK-MB恢复时间[(9.82±1.76)d vs (4.68±1.22)d]、α-HBDH/LDH恢复时间[(7.23±1.38)d vs (3.76±0.83)d]、HDL-C恢复时间[(12.14±2.21)d vs (6.48±1.33)d]及住院时间[(15.09±2.69)d vs (7.40±1.58)d]方面明显延长,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01).结论脓毒性休克患儿血清CK-MB、α-HBDH/LDH越高,HDL-C越低,其病情越重,恢复时间越长,预后越差.     

恶性血液肿瘤患儿合并脓毒性休克死亡危险因素分析

目的探讨儿童重症监护病房(PICU)恶性血液肿瘤合并脓毒性休克患儿的临床特点及其死亡危险因素。方法对中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院PICU 2012年3月至2015年9月收治的43例恶性血液肿瘤合并脓毒性休克患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果43例休克患儿中,存活27例,死亡16例,病死率37.2%。最常见感染部位为肺部(74.4%),其次为胃肠道(39.5%)。病原学检查阳性者26例,共分离出病原菌43株,其中G+菌5株(11.6%),G-菌31株(72.1%),真菌7株(16.3%),以大肠埃希菌占首位(6/43,14.0%)。存活组与死亡组比较,患儿在年龄、化疗阶段、感染至休克累计时间、粒细胞缺乏至休克累计时间、多器官功能障碍(MODS)受累器官数、肺部受累、低钙血症、液体复苏后6 h的氧合指数及乳酸水平、多巴胺使用剂量以及是否需要机械通气方面,差异均具有统计学意义(P均0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:与脓毒性休克患儿死亡相关的变量为液体复苏后6 h的乳酸水平及机械通气的应用。结论恶性血液肿瘤合并脓毒性休克经液体复苏后6 h仍存在高乳酸中毒、合并低钙血症以及需要机械通气的患儿病死率高,应更为重视。     

不同液体疗法在治疗小儿感染性休克中的作用

目的比较两种液体疗法在治疗小儿感染性休克中的作用。方法感染性休克患儿48例,用传统扩容法治疗27例,液体复苏法治疗21例,其他抗感染及血管活性药物使用原则相同。比较两种方法治疗患儿的循环稳定时间、肺水肿发生率、PICU住院时间及死亡率。结果液体复苏法组患儿达到循环稳定时间[(121.63±75.59)min]较传统扩容组[(216.10±168.13)min]明显缩短(P0.05);液体复苏法组患儿肺水肿发生率(9.5%)与传统扩容组(14.8%)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);液体复苏法组患儿PICU住院时间[(3.944±2.711)d]较传统扩容组[(6.188±3.250)d]明显缩短(P0.05);液体复苏法组患儿死亡率(14.3%)明显低于传统扩容组(40.7%)(P0.05)。结论液体复苏法能使患儿循环较快获得稳定,缩短PICU住院时间,并提高患儿生存率,而不会引起更多并发症,值得临床推广。     

小潮气量肺保护通气策略在急性低氧性呼吸衰竭中的应用

目的探讨小潮气量(VT)和传统VT机械通气在急性低氧性呼吸衰竭(AHRF)治疗中的安全性的差异,评估小VT通气策略的疗效。方法将133例AHRF患儿分为传统VT通气组32例和小VT通气组101例,根据VT调整呼气末正压(PEEP),监测肺动态顺应性(Cdyn)、呼吸功(WOB)、呼吸道阻力(Raw)、呼吸道闭合压(P0.1)、肺泡气-动脉血氧分压差[p(A-a)(O2)]、氧合指数(OI)、血气分析等指标变化,观察患儿氧合改善情况、机械通气并发症发生、撤机情况以及患儿转归情况。结果 1.小VT组与传统VT组,Cdyn、Raw在上机1 d、3 d,WOB在上机3 d、5 d,P0.1在上机5 d、7 d比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。小VT通气24 h氧合改善较传统VT通气明显,pa(O2)、p(A-a)(O2)、OI比较差异均有统计学意义(Pa<0.05)。2.小VT组呼吸机相关性肺损伤发生率明显低于传统VT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3.危重患儿病死率比较无明显差异。结论 Cdyn、Raw、WOB、P0.1等呼吸力学指标有助于判断机械通气过程中患儿肺部病变情况,及时调整呼吸机参数并判断撤机时机。在降低呼吸机相关性肺损伤的发生方面,小VT通气优于传统VT通气。小VT通气在降低AHRF患儿病死率方面,并不优于传统VT通气。     

重症监护室免疫抑制和免疫健全脓毒症患儿28天内死亡因素的病例对照研究

目的评估伴免疫抑制相关基础疾病的儿童重症监护室脓毒症患儿入PICU 28 d内死亡及其危险因素。方法病例对照研究。回顾性收集复旦大学附属儿科医院（我院）因脓毒症/脓毒性休克收入PICU的患儿临床资料,分为免疫抑制组和免疫健全组,考察免疫抑制患儿入PICU 28 d内死亡的危险因素。结果2015年12月1日至2018年12月31日我院PICU出院诊断脓毒症连续病例385例,排除入科后24 h内死亡和PICU获得性脓毒症病例,251例PICU脓毒症/脓毒性休克患儿进入本文分析,免疫抑制组110例 (43.8%),免疫健全组141例。与免疫健全组比较,免疫抑制组以住院转入患儿（70%）为主,PICU维持治疗需求（血管活性药物、有创/无创机械通气）高、24 h PRISM评分高,不明确感染部位比例高,免疫抑制组接受ECMO治疗者全部死亡,持续肾脏代替治疗（CRRT）存活率为17.4%,入PICU第28 d病死率69.1%。免疫健全组和免疫抑制组28 d内存活和死亡患儿比较,除脓毒性休克、有创机械通气、CRRT、PRISM Ⅲ评分、乳酸>2 mmol·L-1比例、PICU住院时间、总住院时间、脱离PICU时间、24 h内放弃治疗、总放弃治疗差异有统计学意义外,应用血管活性药物在免疫抑制组入PICU 28 d内存活和死亡因素比较中差异有统计学意义。多因素COX比例风险模型分析显示,PRISM Ⅲ评分、有创机械通气、乳酸>2 mmol·L-1是免疫抑制组和免疫健全组入PICU 28 d内病死率的共同危险因素,休克是免疫抑制组入PICU 28 d内病死率的危险因素。结论重症监护室脓毒症患儿病死率较高;伴免疫抑制相关基础疾病的脓毒症患儿病死率更高;PRISMⅢ评分、48 h内有创机械通气和入院乳酸值(>2 mmol·L-1)是其预后的重要危险因素。应建立早期预警指标,对免疫抑制患儿进行早期识别,早期干预,可能改善预后。     

重症监护室免疫抑制和免疫健全脓毒症患儿28天内死亡因素的病例对照研究

目的评估伴免疫抑制相关基础疾病的儿童重症监护室脓毒症患儿入PICU 28 d内死亡及其危险因素。方法病例对照研究。回顾性收集复旦大学附属儿科医院（我院）因脓毒症/脓毒性休克收入PICU的患儿临床资料，分为免疫抑制组和免疫健全组，考察免疫抑制患儿入PICU 28 d内死亡的危险因素。结果2015年12月1日至2018年12月31日我院PICU出院诊断脓毒症连续病例385例，排除入科后24 h内死亡和PICU获得性脓毒症病例，251例PICU脓毒症/脓毒性休克患儿进入本文分析，免疫抑制组110例 (43.8%)，免疫健全组141例。与免疫健全组比较，免疫抑制组以住院转入患儿（70%）为主，PICU维持治疗需求（血管活性药物、有创/无创机械通气）高、24 h PRISM评分高，不明确感染部位比例高，免疫抑制组接受ECMO治疗者全部死亡，持续肾脏代替治疗（CRRT）存活率为17.4%，入PICU第28 d病死率69.1%。免疫健全组和免疫抑制组28 d内存活和死亡患儿比较，除脓毒性休克、有创机械通气、CRRT、PRISM Ⅲ评分、乳酸>2 mmol·L-1比例、PICU住院时间、总住院时间、脱离PICU时间、24 h内放弃治疗、总放弃治疗差异有统计学意义外，应用血管活性药物在免疫抑制组入PICU 28 d内存活和死亡因素比较中差异有统计学意义。多因素COX比例风险模型分析显示，PRISM Ⅲ评分、有创机械通气、乳酸>2 mmol·L-1是免疫抑制组和免疫健全组入PICU 28 d内病死率的共同危险因素，休克是免疫抑制组入PICU 28 d内病死率的危险因素。结论重症监护室脓毒症患儿病死率较高；伴免疫抑制相关基础疾病的脓毒症患儿病死率更高；PRISMⅢ评分、48 h内有创机械通气和入院乳酸值(>2 mmol·L-1)是其预后的重要危险因素。应建立早期预警指标，对免疫抑制患儿进行早期识别，早期干预，可能改善预后。     

脓毒性休克患儿早期临床特点及预后相关因素分析

目的回顾性分析脓毒性休克患儿的早期临床特点及其预后相关危险因素。方法收集2016年1月至2018年11月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院PICU收治的56例脓毒性休克患儿的临床资料。根据28 d预后情况,分为死亡组和存活组;根据患儿入PICU 24 h内最低小儿危重病例评分(PCIS),分为非危重组(>80分)、危重组(70~80分)及极危重组(<70分),分析比较各组患儿早期的临床特点。结果56例脓毒性休克患儿,平均年龄12.0(1.0,180.0)个月;原发病以呼吸系统感染(60.7%,34/56)为主,病原学以细菌(71.4%,40/56)为主。死亡21例,存活35例,总病死率37.5%;非危重组、危重组和极危重组病死率分别为12.5%(2/16)、16.7%(1/6)、52.9%(18/34)。死亡组与存活组患儿的年龄、性别、PICU住院时间、心率、1 h及24 h平均动脉压、是否使用机械通气及机械通气时间差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);死亡组患儿的PCIS明显低于存活组,6 h及24 h血管活性药物评分(VIS)明显高于存活组,初始乳酸水平明显高于存活组,1 h、6 h及24 h内入液量明显高于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。极危重组患儿的6 h入液量与非危重组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。单因素分析显示,PCIS、VIS6 h、VIS24 h、初始乳酸水平及24 h乳酸清除率、降钙素原、射血分数、6 h入液量水平及合并多器官功能障碍(MODS)与患儿死亡有关。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,PCIS、6 h入液量水平、早期乳酸水平及合并MODS是脓毒性休克患儿死亡的独立危险因素。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,6 h液体入量、PCIS、初始乳酸及MODS预测脓毒性休克患儿死亡的曲线下面积分别是0.947、0.835、0.797、0.761。结论脓毒性休克患儿病死率高,PCIS评分、6 h内复苏液量、早期乳酸水平及合并MODS是患儿死亡的危险因素。     

早期连续血液净化治疗对儿童脓毒性休克预后的影响：前瞻性随机对照研究

目的 探讨早期连续血液净化（CBP）治疗对儿童脓毒性休克预后的影响。方法 前瞻性选择未达到6 h初期复苏目标和/或液体过负荷 > 10%的脓毒性休克患儿为研究对象,根据CBP治疗时间分为早期组（n=30）和常规组（n=28）。比较两组患儿的CBP开始时间、28 d病死率,两组治愈患儿的相关指标变化。结果 早期组CBP开始时间早于常规组（P < 0.05）。早期组治愈25例,常规组治愈22例,两组患儿28 d病死率比较差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。早期组治愈患儿的乳酸、尿量和液体过负荷纠正时间快于常规组治愈患儿（P < 0.05）。两组治愈患儿的初始T淋巴细胞亚群均明显降低,第7天复查均有升高,且早期组高于常规组（P < 0.05）。早期组治愈患儿的CBP治疗持续时间、机械通气时间、PICU住院时间均短于常规组治愈患儿（P < 0.05）。结论 对未达到6 h初期复苏目标和/或液体过负荷 > 10%的脓毒性休克患儿早期行CBP治疗,能够快速控制病情,缩短病程,加快免疫重建。     

PICU 中儿童脓毒症临床特点和预后相关因素分析

目的探讨PICU中无基础疾病脓毒症患儿的临床特点及预后相关因素。方法回顾2014年2月至2016年6月PICU收治的110例无基础疾病的脓毒症患儿临床资料。根据脓毒症严重程度将患儿分为脓毒症组、严重脓毒症组、脓毒性休克组,根据PICU入住28天时的预后情况将患儿分为存活组、死亡组;比较各组间的差异。结果 110例无基础疾病的脓毒症患儿中,男74例、女36例,中位年龄0.42岁。肺部感染为主要感染源。总病死率为14.55%。脓毒症、严重脓毒症、脓毒性休克患儿的病死率分别为2.94%、27.27%、35.48%,差异有统计学意义(P0.001);三组间降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞计数(WBC)、肌酐(Cr)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、国际标准化比值(INR)、器官功能障碍(MODS)数目、小儿危重病例评分(PCIS)、小儿多器官功能障碍评分(P-MODS)、6 h内机械通气、机械通气时间、28天预后的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。存活与死亡患儿比较,PCT、乳酸(Lac)、APTT、INR、MODS数目、PCIS、P-MODS、6 h内机械通气、机械通气时间、住PICU时间、住院时间、脓毒症严重程度的差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析提示,PCIS评分高、住院时间长,患儿28天预后好;而机械通气时间长,28天预后差(P0.05)。结论 PICU内无基础疾病的脓毒症患儿,PCT、WBC、Cr、APTT、INR、MODS数目、PCIS、P-MODS、6 h内机械通气、机械通气时间有助于判断病情严重程度;PCIS、机械通气时间、住院时间影响预后。     

呼吸指数及氧合指数的监测在儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的应用

目的通过监测呼吸指数(RI)及氧合指数(OI)在儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)中的变化,探讨RI及OI在ARDS的诊断及治疗中的价值。方法将2002年1月~2004年12月在上海儿童医学中心PICU治疗的12例ARDS患儿(实验组),与同期住院治疗的20例肺炎合并急性呼吸衰竭的患儿(对照组)进行回顾性研究,监测两组患儿在机械通气早期(上机2 h内)、中期(上机48~72 h间)以及撤机前(撤机前2 h到撤机前0.5 h)的RI、OI、肺泡-动脉血氧分压差[P(A-a)O2]、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、动脉血氧分压(PaO2)的变化。结果两组患儿在机械通气早期及中期RI、OI、P(A-a)O2比较有显著性差异(P<0.01),而SaO2、PaO2比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);在撤机前两组患儿各项指标比较均无差异(P>0.05)。结论RI、OI可作为ARDS早期诊断、疗效观察及指导撤机的指标。     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.