皮肤美容及整容

美学及医学美学与皮肤；美容皮肤科学的进展（继续医学教育）；A型肉毒毒素在美容外科的应用体会；保湿护肤品（继续医学教育）；保湿眼膜对眼周皮肤滋润作用的评价；     

两种维生素E乳剂保湿性的比较

目的了解维生素E乳喷雾剂的保湿效果及患者的依从性,与对照乳液比较,评价其优劣。方法共观察40例受试者,采用自身对照试验,分别在基线、2周后、4周后检测靶部位皮肤的角质层含水量、经表皮失水率、pH值,受试者主观评价。结果全部受试者均完成了试验,未发生不良反应。2组之间靶部位的角质层含水量、经表皮失水率、pH值在0,2,4周时差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。2组靶部位的角质层含水量在2周及4周后均较基线时显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;而表皮失水率和pH值较基线时无明显变化,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。多数受试者（67．5％）认为喷雾剂优于乳膏剂。结论维生素E乳喷雾剂保湿效果好,与对照乳液的保湿效果相当,优点是清爽、无香味。     

透明质酸修护贴敷料对强脉冲光术后面部皮肤的修复作用北大核心CSCD

目的探讨透明质酸修护贴敷料对强脉冲光治疗后面部皮肤修复的安全性。方法多中心、随机对照方法,对298例强脉冲光术后患者的面部皮肤外用透明质酸修护贴敷料或生理氯化钠溶液面膜,并对其中68例患者第3、7、14天进行皮肤生理功能测试,同时对所有患者的结痂脱落情况、患者对该产品的满意度及安全性进行评价。结果治疗14d后,在68例患者中,试验组角质层含水量为25．32±4．14,经表皮水分丢失为14．08±3．32,与治疗前及对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,皮肤油脂含量差异无统计学意义。所有患者中,试验组3d内第1块结痂脱落患者例数和7d内结痂完全脱落例数与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（r=7．774,P〈0．01;r=4．692,P〈0．05）,两组患者对产品自评,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,观察期间均未出现不良反应。结论透明质酸修护贴敷料对强脉冲光术后面部皮肤有辅助作用,有助于恢复皮肤屏障功能,安全性好。     

静脉补铁联合辛伐他汀与单纯口服补铁对肾性贫血患者临床疗效及氧化应激状态的不同影响

目的观察静脉补铁联合辛伐他汀片对肾型贫血性患者的疗效以及氧化应激状态下的影响。方法选择合并肾性贫血等360例血液透析（MHD）患者,采用随机数字表法分为静脉组178例（促红细胞生成素＋静脉补铁＋口服辛伐他汀片）和口服组182例（促红细胞生成素＋口服补铁）。静脉组静脉用蔗糖铁（前4周2次／周,以后1次／周,均每次100rag）,同时加服辛伐他汀片20mg,1次／d,总疗程6周;口服组口服琥珀酸亚铁200mg,3次／d,疗程6周,两组患者均同时使用促红细胞生成素（rHuEPO）,剂量6000～9000IU／周,皮下注射。检测两组患者治疗前后的红细胞相关指标、氧化应激指标。结果①静脉组Hb和Hct于治疗2、4、6周时升高,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;口服组Hb和Hct于治疗4、6周时升高,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;治疗6周时静脉组Hb和Hct明显高于口服组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05。②静脉组SF于治疗4、6周时升高,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;口服组sF于治疗6周时升高,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05,治疗6周时静脉组sF明显高于口服组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;③治疗2周时,两组Ret水平与治疗前无明显增加,差异无统计学意义,P〉O．05,静脉组治疗4、6周时Ret水平明显增加,并高于口服组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05,口服组治疗4周时Ret水平增加,与治疗前相比,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05,治疗6周时静脉组Ret明显高于口服组,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;④静脉组治疗6周时总有效率97．75％明显高于口服组64．29％,差异有统计学意义,P〈0．05;⑤血浆同性半胱氨酸（Hcy）两组治疗前后差异均有统计学意义,静脉组组较口服组明显降低,两组治疗前后差异有统?     

上海地区100例正常人紫外线最小红斑值测定

以SUV1000型日光紫外模拟仪为光源，测定上海地区100例正常人UVA-MED和UVB-MED正常值。不同性别和皮肤类型的受试者男性UVA-MED值明显高于女性（P〈0．01）；UVB-MED值在男女之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。IV型皮肤受试者UVA和UVB的MED值均大于Ⅲ型皮肤受试者。男性各年龄组UVA-MED均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；UVB-MED30～49岁组与另外两组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。女性UVA-MED10～29岁组与另外两组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），就日光暴露程度和MED值关系而言，各组间UVA和UVB的MED值差异无统计学意义。     

微刺激等全胚冷冻胚胎移植结局分析

目的：比较全胚冷冻后首次冻融胚胎移植中三组不同原因行全胚冷冻患者的临床结局,探讨微刺激促排卵方案对卵巢低反应患者的有效性。方法：回顾性分析2011年10月至2012年3月行全胚冷冻并行冻融移植的患者87例,根据患者行全胚冷冻的指针不同分为微刺激方案组、E2升高组和孕酮（P）升高及其他原因组。比较三组患者年龄、不孕年限、助孕周期、注射Gn天数、使用FSH、HMG用量、获卵数、获得优质胚胎数及妊娠率等是否存在差异。结果：微刺激组患者年龄较其他两组大,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;微刺激组不孕年限及助孕周期较其他两组长,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;微刺激组注射Gn天数少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;微刺激组FSH用量少而HMG用量多,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;微刺激组获卵数较其他两组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;微刺激组A级胚胎及B及胚胎较其他两组少,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;微刺激组冷冻胚胎较其他两组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;微刺激组妊娠率低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：微刺激方案是卵巢低反应患者较理想的促排卵方案。     

心理干预对产妇分娩及妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨心理干预对产妇分娩及妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取2011年2月至2013年2月,对来本院生产的分娩期孕妇75例（心理组）进行心理干预。同时选取同期在我院分娩的孕妇73例作为对照组,只进行常规护理。观察两纽产妇的分娩方式、平均产程及分娩疼痛程度。结果-心理组平均产程（7．39±1．21）h,对照组为（10．19±1．59）h,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;心理组顺产率（73．33％）明显高于对照组的58．90％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;心理组剖宫产率为12．00％,对照组为20．55％,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;心理组的疼痛程度显著低于对照组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：实施干预可减轻产妇分娩疼痛,降低剖宫产率。     

清热凉血汤对寻常性银屑病患者Th1／Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的观察清热凉血汤对寻常性银屑病患者Th1／Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法将88例患者随机分为两组，对照组口服阿维A胶囊，治疗组在此基础上给予清热凉血方。结果疗效观察：治疗8周后．两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），治疗8周后干扰素（IFN）-γ、白介素（IL）-2两组均有明显下降（P〈0．05），但治疗组下降更为明显（P〈0．05），与对照组相比有统计学意义（P〈0．05），治疗组IL-4、IL-10有明显升高（P〈0．05），与对照组相比有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论清热凉血汤对于Th1／Th2免疫反应的影响，主要是抑制Th1型免疫反应．提高Th2型免疫反应从而使银屑病患者失衡的Th1/Th2型反应相对地向Th2型免疫反应方向改变而达到临床症状的缓解。     

复方氟米松软膏对特应性皮炎患者经表皮水分丢失量的影响及其临床应用研究北大核心CSCD

目的探讨水杨酸对皮肤屏障功能的影响及其联合氟米松软膏治疗特应性皮炎的疗效。方法特应性皮炎患者64例,选择躯体两侧大小及严重程度相似的皮损,分别外用复方氟米松软膏（0．02％氟米松＋3％水杨酸）、0．02％氟米松软膏、3％水杨酸软膏及基质软膏;选择患者躯体两侧非皮损区皮肤,分别外用3％水杨酸软膏及基质软膏。均为每日2次,连用3周。使用皮肤生理测试仪检测治疗前及治疗开始后第1、2、3周的经表皮水分丢失量（TEWL）,观察治疗前后症状、体征总积分,判断疗效。30例健康人为对照组,选择双前臂屈侧健康皮肤,外用水杨酸及基质软膏,每日2次,连用3周,于用药前、用药后1、3周检测TEWL。结果健康人皮肤用药前及用药后1、3周,各组TEWL比较,差异无统计学意义。特应性皮炎患者皮损区TEWL在第0、1、2、3周,复方氟米松组分别为（34．26±20．82）、（22．38±16．16）、（17．04±12．74）、（15．34±13．13）g·m-3·h-1,氟米松组分别为（33．02±16．71）、（24．63±17．08）、（20．37±9．53）、（19．06±9．17）g·m-2·h-1,水杨酸组分别为（34．16±18．03）、（26．49±8．59）、（21．91±8．46）、（21．20±9．38）g·m-2·h-1,基质组分别为（33．81±17．11）、（29．80±12．48）、（26．16±8．31）、（25．52±6．05）g·m-2·h-1;治疗前（0周）各组TEWL差异无统计学意义;治疗后各组TEWL下降值经重复测量数据方差分析,差异有统计学意义（F=39．57,P〈0．01）;随机单位组设计资料方差分析显示,治疗1、2、3周后TEWL下降值复方氟米松组均显著高于氟米松组（P〈0．05）,水杨酸组显著高于基质组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,水杨酸组与氟米松组比较,差异无统计学意义。特应性皮炎患者非皮损区TEWL,水杨酸组在第2、3周下降幅度显著高于基质组（P〈0．05）。复方氟米松软膏组基愈率（53．1％）及有效率（84．4％）均高于氟米松组（分别为34．4％和64．1％）,两组比较,基愈率χ2=4．57,P〈0．05;有效率χ2=6．90,P〈0．01。结论3％水杨酸软膏对特应性皮炎患者皮肤屏障功能的损伤具有修复作用,复方氟米松软膏治疗特应性皮炎的疗效优于氟米松软膏。     

IL-17对人表皮细胞增殖过程中DNA含量的影响

目的：探讨IL-17对人表皮细胞增殖过程中DNA含量的影响。方法：将正常人皮肤移植于裸鼠，建立人皮肤-裸鼠嵌合模型60只；按配对设计要求随机分成实验组30只和对照组30只，实验组使用IL-170．1mL（10ng／mL）注射于裸鼠移植皮肤内，对照组使用0．9％氯化钠0．1mL注射于裸鼠移植皮肤内，每日1次，均连续使用28天后，以激光扫描共聚焦显微镜测试移植皮肤组织的人表皮细胞DNA荧光强度值。结果：与对照组相比，注射IL-17组人表皮细胞DNA荧光强度值明显增加，差异具有统计学意义（t=3．08，P〈0．05）。结论：IL-17可促进人表皮细胞增殖过程中DNA含量升高。     

Moisturizing and antisebum effect of cosmetic application on facial skin

Background Water content of the stratum corneum and skin surface lipids are important factors in the appearance and function of skin. High water content and low sebum secretion are considered main features of fair skin. Aim This paper aims to study the change of skin physiological parameters after cosmetic application. Methods The skin water content, transepidermal water loss, and skin sebum secretion on different regions of the facial skin before and after the cosmetic application were measured using Corneometer, Tewameter, and Sebumeter, respectively. Results The cosmetics kept higher water content and lower transepidermal water loss, at the same time lower sebum secretion 4  and 8 h after the cosmetic application, compared with those before it. The situation was maintained in the following 3‐week continuous use of the cosmetics. Conclusion The cosmetic application on human facial skin could provide some moisturizing effect and at the same time some antisebum effect according to different regions on facial skin, which favored the maintenance of good skin physiological function after applying skin care products.     

Protection effect of cosmetics on human skin under simulated rigorous environment.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The efficacy of cosmetics on human skin measured under normal mild laboratory environment might be discounted by exterior environment factors such as wind, UV exposure, etc. Few studies have focused on the 'genuine' efficacy of cosmetics on human skin during exposure to external rigorous environment. The aim of this study was to develop a model for the evaluation of the efficacy of cosmetics on human skin under simulated rigorous environment. METHODS: We measured skin water content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after products application under simulated windy and sub-erythema UV exposure treatment in a constant temperature and humidity laboratory. RESULTS: The results showed that the products had higher water content and lower TEWL at 2, 4 and 8 h of products application, and ameliorated the skin moisturization situation after a 3-week continuous use of the products. In addition, the products might protect the skin to maintain the normal water content and TEWL under the simulated windy or sub-erythema UV exposure treatment in our laboratory when compared with untreated area. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that this model may provide a more accurate evaluation for the genuine moisturizing effect of cosmetics under external natural climate.     

舒敏保湿特护霜射频导入治疗敏感性皮肤疗效评价

目的:评价射频导入舒敏保湿特护霜治疗面部敏感性皮肤的有效性和安全性.方法:将40例敏感性皮肤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组20例.两组均口服枸地氯雷他定片8.8 mg/d,治疗组外用舒敏保湿特护霜,对照组外用凡士林霜,每日两次,联合射频导入治疗,1次/周,持续治疗4周.分别于0周、4周做疗效判定,使用CK无创皮肤检测...     

Moisturizing effect of cosmetic formulations containing Aloe vera extract in different concentrations assessed by skin bioengineering techniques

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The polysaccharide-rich composition of Aloe vera extracts (Aloe barbadensis Miller), often used in cosmetic formulations, may impart moisturizing properties to the product. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cosmetic formulations containing different concentrations of freeze-dried Aloe vera extract on skin hydration, after a single and a 1- and 2-week period of application, by using skin bioengineering techniques. METHODS: Stable formulations containing 5% (w/w) of a trilaureth-4 phosphate-based blend were supplemented with 0.10%, 0.25% or 0.50% (w/w) of freeze-dried Aloe vera extract and applied to the volar forearm of 20 female subjects. Skin conditions in terms of the water content of the stratum corneum and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Corneometer CM 825 and Tewameter TM 210) were analysed before and after a single and 1- and 2-week period of daily application. RESULTS: After a single application, only formulations supplemented with 0.25% and 0.50% (w/w) of Aloe vera extract increased the water content of the stratum corneum, while after the 2-week period application, all formulations containing the extract (0.10%, 0.25% and 0.50%) had the same effect, in both cases as compared with the vehicle. TEWL was not modified after a single and after 1- and 2-week period of application, when compared with the vehicle. CONCLUSION: Our results show that freeze-dried Aloe vera extract is a natural effective ingredient for improving skin hydration, possibly through a humectant mechanism. Consequently, it may be used in moisturizing cosmetic formulations and also as a complement in the treatment of dry skin.     

深层补水在红蓝光治疗痤疮中作用的定量评价

目的评价深层补水在红蓝光治疗寻常痤疮中的作用。方法 60例患者随机分为单纯照光对照组:红蓝光交替照射,每周2次,共8次;联合补水治疗组,照光方法同前,并于每次红蓝光照射后给予补水治疗1次。两组分别于治疗前、末次治疗和治疗结束后1个月用VISIA皮肤图像分析仪和SOFT5.5皮肤性质测试仪对患者皮肤性质进行分析评价。结果 VISIA数据显示联合治疗组与对照组末次治疗后比较,患者皮肤纹理、毛孔、紫质相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);SOFT5.5数据显示,水分明显增多、油脂明显减少,均有统计学意义(P0.05),于治疗结束后1个月比较,皮肤水分、油脂、纹理、毛孔和弹性相比差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论深层补水联合红蓝光治疗可以明显提高皮肤水分,对皮肤纹理和毛孔、油脂分泌持续改善,并可增加皮肤的弹性。     

青刺果油对神经酰胺合成及神经酰胺酶表达的影响

目的 探讨青刺果油对神经酰胺（Cer）合成及酸性神经酰胺酶（ASH1）表达影响的研究,探讨其部分保湿机制及修复皮肤屏障机制。方法 培养人角质形成细胞,设对照组及实验组,对照组加入不含青刺果油的K-SFM培养液,实验组加入含青刺果油K-SFM培养液,于0、3、8、24、48 h分别取实验组及对照组的上清液,用ELISA方法测定上清液中Cer含量。将裸鼠背部皮肤分为受试区,基质区、空白对照区及阴性对照区,其中前3区用丙酮及乙醚破坏了裸鼠表皮屏障,受试区及基质区分别涂搽含青刺果油乳剂和基质,空白对照区不涂抹任何乳剂,用无创性皮肤测试方法分别于0、1、3、7 d测定裸鼠皮肤经表皮水分流失（TEWL）、表皮含水量及皮脂含量,同时取裸鼠皮肤组织,用免疫组化方法观察ASH1表达。结果 ELISA结果显示,实验组上清液中Cer含量随时间增加而增加,24 h Cer含量（1.3817 ± 0.100）及48 h Cer含量（1.3737 ± 0.047）与0 h（0.7630 ± 0.143）比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;实验组与对照组比较,Cer含量高于对照组,24 h、48 h时差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。无创性皮肤测试显示,随时间增加,受试区、基质区,空白对照区TEWL值逐渐减少,表皮含水量、皮脂含量逐渐增加,受试区TEWL 3 d（10.85 ± 0.64）、7 d（8.01 ± 0.58）时较0 d（12.65 ± 0.71）低,皮脂含量3 d （29.14 ± 0.40）、7 d（31.30 ± 0.88）时较0 d（27.02 ± 0.65）高,其1 d（13.98 ± 0.28）、3 d（15.00 ± 0.38）、7 d（15.86 ± 0.18）的表皮含水量较0 d（11.74 ± 0.62）高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。同一时间四区比较,7 d时,受试区的TEWL值较基质区、空白对照区及阴性对照区低,表皮含水量及皮脂含量较基质区、空白对照区及阴性对照区高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。免疫组化结果显示,受试区、基质区,空白对照区ASH1的表达7 d较0 d高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;7 d时受试区ASH1的表达较基质区、空白对照区及阴性对照区高,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 青刺果油的保湿及修复皮肤屏障的作用与其增加Cer含量及上调ASH1表达有关。     

面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品的筛选与评价

【摘要】 目的 对面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品进行筛选与评价。方法 2019年6 - 8月在重庆市中医院职工中招募40例乳酸刺痛试验阳性者作为研究对象，分别进行4种敏感性皮肤用防晒化妆品（标记为产品Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ）的人体皮肤封闭型斑贴试验。将40例受试者平均分为2组，分别于面部使用安全性较高的2种产品，于使用前、使用后2周和4周评估红斑、水肿、脱屑情况，采用仪器无创检测经皮水分丢失、皮肤角质层含水量、皮肤黑素含量、皮肤油脂含量。分别于受试者背部涂上述2种产品，采用紫外日光模拟仪进行防晒指数（SPF，12例）及长波紫外线防护指数（PFA，11例）测定。计量资料采用配对t检验和单因素方差分析比较；非参数资料采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验比较。结果 斑贴试验显示，防晒产品Ⅲ仅发生1例1级反应，产品Ⅳ未发生阳性反应，安全性高于另外2款产品。主观安全性评价显示，使用产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ4周时红斑程度均低于使用前（Wilcoxon符号秩检验，Z = 4.73、4.82，均P < 0.05）。客观功效性评价显示，使用防晒产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ前及使用2周、4周时表皮失水率、角质层含水量、黑素含量差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）；使用产品Ⅲ、Ⅳ4周时表皮失水率（30.05 ± 1.47、30.37 ± 1.28）、黑素含量（112.58 ± 7.34、103.47 ± 5.48）均低于使用前（均P < 0.05），角质层含水量（62.35 ± 2.67、63.72 ± 2.54）均高于使用前（均P < 0.05）。使用4周时，产品Ⅳ组黑素含量（103.47 ± 5.48）与产品Ⅲ组（112.58 ± 7.34）比较，差异有统计学意义（t = 8.45，P < 0.05）。产品ⅣSPF值、PFA值（51.8 ± 2.9、10.1 ± 1.2）均高于产品Ⅲ（31.5 ± 2.6、7.4 ± 0.7，t = 15.34、24.66，均P < 0.05）。结论 综合应用封闭型斑贴实验、长期试用试验、防晒指数测定等方法可评价面部敏感性皮肤防晒化妆品的安全性和防晒功效。     

Influence of polyol and oil concentration in cosmetic products on skin moisturization and skin surface roughness

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum combination of polyols and oils in moisturizing cosmetic products to improve the human skin moisturization and skin surface roughness. Polyols and oils are essential ingredients in skin care products, but it is still not understood how their concentrations affect their efficacy and sensory properties on human skin. We investigated the effect of polyol and oil concentration on skin properties by noninvasive methods. METHODS: The polyols consisted of glycerin and butylenes glycol in a ratio of 1:1 and the oils consisted of equal parts of hydrogenated polydecene, cethyl ethylhexanoate and pentaerythrityl tetraethylhexanoate. All cosmetic products were made in O/W emulsions in concentrations ranging from 0% to 30% for polyols and from 0% to 35% for oils. We investigated the effect on water content and skin surface roughness on the forearm after application of the cosmetic products. The skin water contents were measured by a Corneometer CM825 and the skin surface roughness by visual coring of skin surface biopsies in the scanning electron micrographs. RESULTS: In the first study, we found that the water content of the skin correlated highly with the polyol (up to 30%) and oil (up to 12%) concentrations, respectively. At two hours after application, the correlation coefficients were 0.971 and 0.985, respectively (P<0.01). Skin surface roughness not only showed a strong concentration dependence on polyols and oils (up to 6%). In the second study, we investigated the optimum combination of polyols and oils to improve the skin moisturization and skin surface roughness by the Response surface methodology. The water content of the skin surface was high in the ratio of polyol to oil (30:12 and 25:30). The skin surface roughness was improved considerably in the ratio of polyols to oil (30:6 and 30:35). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that the skin surface properties were improved in the different ratios of their concentrations because they are influenced by not one ingredient but the interaction between polyols and oils. In this study, we could recommend the optimum concentration of polyols and oils to improve the skin surface properties. Further studies will be performed with other ingredients such as surfactants, lipids and so on.     

Efficacy of anti-aging products for periorbital wrinkles as measured by 3-D imaging

Background The periorbital area is a key wrinkle‐prone region, where the first signs of aging usually appear. Aims To demonstrate the ability of new anti‐aging moisturizing products to improve overall smoothness and wrinkle depth appearance in the periorbital region via the Fast Optical in vivo Topometry of Human Skin (FOITS). Methods Two double‐blind, randomized, controlled, split‐face studies (n = 42, Study 1; n = 35, Study 2) were conducted in women 30–70 years old with moderate to distinct periorbital wrinkles. Subjects applied 0.5 g of individual products to half their face twice daily for 4 weeks. Four test products containing niacinamide, the peptides Pal‐KT and Pal‐KTTKS, and carnosine were used and included a daytime SPF 30 lotion also containing antioxidants, a night cream, an eye cream also containing caffeine, and a wrinkle treatment containing retinyl propionate. The wrinkle treatment was only tested in Study 2. The FOITS technique was used to measure changes in periorbital R_a (mean roughness) and R_z (average maximum roughness) at 2 and 4 weeks. Results In Study 1, the daytime SPF 30 lotion, night cream, and eye cream significantly improved crow’s feet smoothness after 4 weeks relative to no treatment. After 4 weeks, the daytime SPF 30 lotion and night cream, but not the eye cream, were significantly better than no treatment at improving R_z. In Study 2, the night cream, eye cream, and wrinkle treatment, but not the daytime SPF 30 lotion, significantly improved both R_a and R_z after 4 weeks. To increase power and precision of estimates, a meta‐analysis was performed; the pooled data showed all three products were significantly better than no treatment at improving R_a and R_z after 4 weeks. Conclusions Four weeks of treatment with these products was shown to improve the smoothness of periorbital skin and to reduce the apparent depth of larger wrinkles.     

Silk sericin as a moisturizer: an in vivo study

Background Excessive transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is the one of the causes of dry skin, and skin moisturizers have been used to overcome it. Aim The purpose of this research was to study the moisturizing effect of sericin, a silk protein. Because silk sericin has resemblance with the natural moisturizing factor (NMF), it has been studied for its application in skin cosmetics. Methods Sericin gels were prepared using sericin solution and with pluronic and carbopol as stabilizers. The gels were applied on the skin of healthy human volunteers and its moisturizing efficiency was evaluated by measuring the skin hydroxyproline content, impedance, TEWL, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results. Results Decrease in skin impedance, increase in hydroxyproline level, and hydration of epidermal cells revealed the moisturizing effect of sericin, whereas decrease in the value of TEWL may be attributed to occlusive effect, which prevents water loss from the upper layer of the skin. Skin surface topography revealed the smoothness of the upper layer of the skin as a result of moisturization. Conclusion Increase in the intrinsic moisturization of skin by sericin may be attributed to restoration of the amino acids and its occlusive effect. Thus, it would become a promising and important moisturizing ingredient in moisturizing formulations.