循环系统疾病医保患者住院医疗费用影响因素的通径分析

目的探讨循环系统疾病医保患者住院医疗费用的影响因素,为建立合理的费用控制机制提供依据。方法以某县内12所医院2004年度循环系统疾病255名医保患者为研究对象,应用通径分析方法,对其住院医疗费用影响因素进行分析。结果住院日是住院费用最主要影响因素;年龄、3日内确诊是通过对住院日间接影响住院费用,而医院级别、入院情况、手术与否则同时影响住院日和住院费用。结论有效控制住院病人的医疗费用增长,需采取综合控制措施。     

上海市闵行区循环系统疾病临终住院费用影响因素分析

[目的]了解循环系统疾病临终住院医疗费用影响因素,为有效利用卫生资源,控制医疗费用增长提供参考依据。[方法]调查上海市闵行区2002、2003年循环系统疾病临终住院各项费用数据,采用描述性统计、通径分析方法进行数据处理。[结果]住院日是影响住院费用的主要因素。医保、工人、75岁以上年龄组、大学以上文化程度诸因素通过住院日间接影响住院费用,干部、诊断依据为临床+理化、临床诸因素直接对住院费用产生影响,不同级别医院同时影响住院日及住院费用。[结论]需采取综合措施才能有效控制医疗费用的增长。     

脑卒中患者住院费用影响因素的通径分析

要:目的 探讨影响脑卒中患者住院费用的主要因素,为合理控制医疗费用的过快增长、减轻患者的经济负担提供参考。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2014年12月出院的安徽省某三甲医院8 585例主要诊断为脑卒中患者的病案资料,采用通径分析研究影响其住院费用的直接因素和间接因素。结果 住院日是直接影响脑卒中患者住院费用的首要因素;疾病类型、患者来源、手术情况、年龄以及出院转归在直接影响住院费用的同时,还通过住院日对住院费用存在间接影响,而住院日、性别、入院病情以及出院年份对住院费用仅存在直接作用。结论 控制脑卒中患者住院费用要以缩短平均住院日为突破口,采取综合措施,控制可控因素,有效缓解医疗费用的不合理增长,减轻患者和社会的经济负担。     

上海市闵行区2002-2003年前10位死因临终住院费用影响因素分析

目的了解影响临终住院病人医疗费用的因素,探索降低住院费用的策略,为建立有效的控制医疗费用机制提供参考.方法调查上海市闵行区2002-2003年前10位死因临终住院病人各项费用数据,采用描述性统计、通径分析方法进行数据处理.结果住院日是住院费用最主要影响因素;医保、工人、家务组、在婚诸因素通过住院日间接影响住院费用;呼吸系统疾病,循环系统疾病,中学文化程度,诊断依据为临床,临床 理化诸因素直接影响住院费用;医院级别、诊断依据为病理、其他类疾病、干部组诸因素同时影响住院日和住院费用.结论控制住院费用是一项系统工程,必须采取综合控制措施,才能有效控制住院病人的医疗费用增长.     

老年皮肤病患者住院费用及其影响因素的通径分析

目的：探讨影响老年皮肤病患者住院费用的主要因素,为降低患者疾病负担,合理抑制疾病负担的过快增长提供参考。方法：通过对广东省某大型三级甲等皮肤病专科医院的住院患者2015——2019年五年病案数据进行描述性分析以及应用通径分析方法探讨老年皮肤病患者住院费用的关键因素。结果：本研究共纳入5584例患者数据进行分析,平均住院费用9141.08元,中位住院费用7622.14元,平均住院日9.36天,中位住院日8天。其中住院天数为最主要的影响因素,性别、是否医保、是否合并症直接作用于住院总费用;是否手术、是否使用抗菌药物、病例分型不仅直接作用于住院费用,并且通过住院天数间接影响住院费用。结论：降低老年皮肤病患者住院费用的突破口为缩短平均住院日。采取分级诊疗措施,控制可控因素,有效降低老年皮肤病患者住院费用,减轻疾病负担。     

糖尿病患者住院费用及影响因素的通径分析

目的:探讨糖尿病患者住院费用的主要影响因素,为减轻患者疾病经济负担、进一步控制医疗费用过快增长提供理论和现实依据。方法:采用描述性统计和通径分析研究3 306例糖尿病患者住院费用的影响因素。结果:3 306例糖尿病患者住院费用人均8 665.97元,中位数7 715.68元;住院日人均14.11天,中位数14.00天。住院总费用及日均费用逐年上升,药品类费用仍处于主导地位。住院日是住院费用的最主要影响因素,其他因素包括年龄、婚姻状况、付费方式、药占比、入院情况、疾病类型、是否手术、有无并发症别和出院时间,并且通过住院天数间接影响住院费用。结论:住院日是住院费用的最主要影响因素,控制住院费用要以控制、缩短平均住院日为突破口,加强对可控因素的控制,采取综合措施,以有效缓解费用的过快增长。     

医保病人医疗费用相关分析

目的:通过对医疗保险病人的医疗费用分析,为医疗费用的合理控制提供科学依据。方法:对某三级甲等医院2005年全年医疗保险病人与公费、自费病人的门诊、住院费用及其费用构成进行对比研究;并采用逐步回归法寻找影响医疗保险病人住院费用高低的主要因素。结果:医疗保险病人门诊和住院总费用明显高于公费和自费病人,且医保病人各项费用中以药费所占比例最高;影响医保病人住院费用的主要影响因素为住院日和手术次数。结论:医院应在有效控制病人住院日的同时,控制药费的增长,以达到控制医疗费用合理增长。     

8288例食管癌患者住院费用影响因素的通径分析

目的 探讨我国食管癌住院费用的主要影响因素,为合理控制医疗费用的过快增长并减轻患者经济负担提供理论依据.方法 对江苏省南通市两家医院2002～2009年8年间共计8 288例食管癌患者,通径分析其住院费用的影响因素.结果 住院天数是直接影响住院费用的最主要因素;付费方式、年龄、性别直接影响住院费用;手术与否、转归情况、年份、职业等因素既可直接影响住院费用,又可通过住院日间接影响住院费用.结论 应采取综合措施有效控制患者住院费用的过快增长.     

2016-2017年衡阳市某医院住院费用结构及影响因素研究

目的:了解衡阳市某医院住院费用基本情况,分析住院费用结构及其影响因素,从而提出控制住院费用增长的有效手段。方法:选取衡阳市某医院2016〜2017年82391例患者住院信息,对住院费用的现状进行描述,采用单因素分析法找出影响住院费用的主要因素,并对疾病经济负担最重的3类疾病进行多元线性回归。结果:住院费用中药品费占首位,其次是治疗费、检查费。影响住院费用的因素有性别、年龄、住院天数、出入院科室是否一致、手术情况及参保类型等。住院费用最高的3类疾病分别为泌尿、内分泌和循环系统疾病。结论:通过合理控制住院时间,实施分级诊疗,设立社区家庭病床等手段可有效控制住院费用增长。     

单病种住院费用及影响因素分析

目的 调查分析某医院患者单病种住院费用及影响因素,找出其主要影响因素,为控制医疗费用的不合理增长提供依据.方法 采用方差分析、t检验和多元逐步回归等统计方法对单病种住院费用进行分析.结果 住院天数是影响 5种疾病患者人均住院费用的首要因素.结论 对住院费用实施"总量控制,结构调整"的同时,减少无效的平均住院日.     

济南市农村居民住院服务利用率及费用影响因素

目的了解济南市农村居民的住院服务利用率、住院费用及其影响因素,为合理利用住院服务、有效控制住院费用上涨提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法对在济南市抽取的章丘市、长清区、平阴县3个市(县、区)共3 458名居民进行问卷调查。结果济南市农村居民2006和2008年的住院服务利用率分别为4.89%和3.90%,次均住院费用分别为6 385.74和7 127.08元,日均住院费分别为459.34和534.17元,新农合补偿费用分别为701.49和914.82元,新农合补偿比例分别为10.99%和12.84%,自付费用比例分别为89.01%和87.16%;不同特征农村居民比较,不同性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、自评健康状况、吸烟、饮酒情况的农村居民的住院服务利用率间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同地区、经济收入居民的住院服务利用率间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素回归分析结果表明,自评健康状况较差是济南市农村居民住院概率的危险因素,年龄15～24岁是农村居民住院概率的保护因素;住院天数、新农合补偿费用、住院机构、住院疾病和地区是农村居民住院费用的主要影响因素。结论济南市农村居民住院服务利用率较低,住院费用较高,新农合补偿较少;完善各级医疗机构分流制度、缩短住院时间、加大新农合补偿力度是控制住院费用、减轻农民经济负担的有效手段。     

某机车制造企业非致死性工伤所致直接成本的影响因素

[目的]了解某机车制造企业工人非致死性工伤所致直接成本的主要影响因素,为降低直接成本的干预措施提供可能依据。[方法]以某大型机车制造企业2004年6月1日-2008年5月31日间发生工伤的工人为对象进行回顾性调查。工伤工人的职业卫生信息来自于企业的工伤报告;社会人口学、社会经济学资料通过问卷调查获得;受伤者医疗服务信息来自于该企业附属医疗机构的档案及医疗保障部门。用单因素分析及多元线性回归模型分析直接成本可能的影响因素。[结果]纳入分析的201例工伤工人共造成直接成本408．13万元人民币。其中门诊费用4．11万元人民币,住院费用365．50万元人民币,间接医疗费用为38．52万元人民币。单因素分析表明,伤害程度、伤害性质及受伤部位影响直接成本的大小。多因素分析结果显示,伤害性质是门诊费用的影响因素;住院天数、伤害程度、婚姻状态、伤害性质及受伤部位是住院费用的直接或间接影响因素。[结论]工人非致死性工伤的直接成本受多方面因素影响,建议建立跨部门的干预措施,以合理降低工人工伤引起的直接成本。     

深圳市龙岗区农村合作医疗住院病人单病种费用分析

目的以1992—2003年深圳市龙岗区合作医疗的住院病人为样本，对住院病人进行单病种费用分析．着重分析了影响前10种疾病住院费用的主要因素．为控制住院费用提供科学依据。方法采用描述性分析和多重回归对其住院费用进行分析。结果冠心病、高血压、胃肠炎、上呼吸道感染、脑梗塞、肺炎、支气管炎和白内障等是影响龙岗区农村人口健康的主要问题，报销费用和住院天数是影响住院费用的主要因素。结论报销制度从单纯医疗型向预防保健综合型转变．实行按病种定额报销和按比例报销相结合是未来合作医疗发展可供借鉴的模式。     

Comparing Methodologies for the Allocation of Overhead and Capital Costs to Hospital Services

Background:  Typically, little consideration is given to the allocation of indirect costs (overheads and capital) to hospital services, compared to the allocation of direct costs. Weighted service allocation is believed to provide the most accurate indirect cost estimation, but the method is time consuming.
Objective:  To determine whether hourly rate, inpatient day, and marginal mark-up allocation are reliable alternatives for weighted service allocation.
Methods:  The cost approaches were compared independently for appendectomy, hip replacement, cataract, and stroke in representative general hospitals in The Netherlands for 2005.
Results:  Hourly rate allocation and inpatient day allocation produce estimates that are not significantly different from weighted service allocation.
Conclusions:  Hourly rate allocation may be a strong alternative to weighted service allocation for hospital services with a relatively short inpatient stay. The use of inpatient day allocation would likely most closely reflect the indirect cost estimates obtained by the weighted service method.     

Examining within-country variation of maternity costs in the context of a multicountry, multicentre randomised controlled trial

Understanding why healthcare costs vary between patients and between health facilities is important in guiding health policy decisions as well as in research. However, there is no comprehensive framework that analysts commonly use for expressing and examining causes of cost variation in the field of healthcare. The aim of this study is to better understand the size and causes of within-country healthcare cost variation, through presenting evidence for size and sources of such variations for two countries (Cuba and Thailand) in the context of a randomised controlled trial on antenatal care. The article separates total costs into their two components: unit costs and health service use. Unit costs are further separated into input quantity per patient visit or day, and the prices of these resources. The results show that the main determinant of average cost is the staffing pattern and productivity, whereas the main determinants of health service use include the model of antenatal care being practised and the risk status and illnesses suffered by patients. However, variations in inpatient health service use between facilities are largely related to unexplainable variations in practice between facilities, irrespective of the trial arm. In conclusion, cost variations have important implications for the design of clinical trials and for policy makers using evidence from trials in planning health services and budgets.     

Evaluating Rehabilitation Medicine: Effects on Survival,Function, and Home Care

ABSTRACT

The goal of this study was to measure the clinical impact of rehabilitation on adults diagnosed with a disabling disorder in four major diagnostic groups (nervous, circulatory, musculoskeletal, and injury). To summarize the current knowledge in this area, a meta-analysis of rehabilitation studies was also completed. Specific objectives of the clinical trial were to determine the effects of inpatient rehabilitation on: (1) survival, (2) function, (3) home care, and related variables such as family function and use of health care resources. Patients hospitalized for the first time with a disabling condition (n = 85) were randomly assigned to inpatient rehabilitation (n = 43) or to outpatient follow-up (n = 42) in which the usual medical services were provided but no scheduled rehabilitative therapies were offered. To compare the two groups, analyses of covariance were conducted for functional ability, health care use, survival, health status, personal adjustment and family function. The between subjects factor was inpatient rehabilitation versus the control group. The within subjects factor was time of assessment (index, six months, and 1 year).

No significant treatment effect was found at six months or one year for any of the variables under study using analyses of covariance. There were also no differences between groups in their use of nursing homes, length of hospital stay, survival, or in the number of hospital readmissions or clinic visits during the first year after hospital discharge. Rehabilitation did cost significantly more than medical care, primarily due to the cost of inpatient services.

Some clinical trials have noted a treatment effect on functional ability but not on mortality, need for skilled care, or mental health status. The current study is consistent with these previous findings except for the lack of impact on physical function. This exception may be due to the fact that prior studies looked only at homogeneous groups, whereas the current study utilized heterogeneous grouping across four major diagnostic categories. Any apparent benefit may not be detectable across disability groups and may require more specialized scrutiny, or even tailored rehabilitative care, to detect a difference. It is recommended that health care systems evaluate the benefits of subacute rehabilitative care and consider outpatient programs that can be provided at home for implementation.     

Effect of Evidence-Based Acute Pain Management Practices on Inpatient Costs

Objectives. To estimate hospital cost changes associated with a behavioral intervention designed to increase the use of evidence-based acute pain management practices in an inpatient setting and to estimate the direct effect that changes in evidence-based acute pain management practices have on inpatient cost.
Data Sources/Study Setting. Data from a randomized "translating research into practice" (TRIP) behavioral intervention designed to increase the use of evidence-based acute pain management practices for patients hospitalized with hip fractures.
Study Design. Experimental design and observational "as-treated" and instrumental variable (IV) methods.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Abstraction from medical records and Uniform Billing 1992 (UB92) discharge abstracts.
Principal Findings. The TRIP intervention cost on average $17,714 to implement within a hospital but led to cost savings per inpatient stay of more than $1,500. The intervention increased the cost of nursing services, special operating rooms, and therapy services per inpatient stay, but these costs were more than offset by cost reductions within other cost categories. "As-treated" estimates of the effect of changes in evidence-based acute pain management practices on inpatient cost appear significantly underestimated, whereas IV estimates are statistically significant and are distinct from, but consistent with, estimates associated with the intervention.
Conclusions. A hospital treating more that 12 patients with acute hip fractures can expect to lower overall cost by implementing the TRIP intervention. We also demonstrated the advantages of using IV methods over "as-treated" methods to assess the direct effect of practice changes on cost.     

Estimating hospital costs with a generalized Leontief function

This paper estimates a long-run hospital cost function with multiple outputs and inputs using a panel data set from Washington State hospitals during 1988-1993. We find that with our data the generalized Leontief function is more appropriate than a translog for estimating hospital cost functions. With respect to hospital costs, we find that hospitals readily adjust the use of intermediate products. Radiology, therapies and surgery, and other inpatient days, all serve as substitutes for core inpatient days. Outpatient services are found to be complementary to core inpatient services, indicating that the growth of stand-alone outpatient clinics might increase the costs of providing healthcare services. Our analysis finds that hospitals show significant economies of scale, but there is a limited amount of evidence of scope economies. Also, there is some evidence that profit-seeking hospitals achieve some of their goals by controlling costs, and that diagnostically related groups (DRG)-based Medicare services are effective in getting hospitals to control costs.     

2015—2018年某医院住院死亡病人死因及费用分析

目的了解2015—2018年某医院住院病人的死亡原因及死亡病人人均费用的变化,以加强疾病的防治,降低住院病人病死率。方法根据ICD-10国际疾病分类原则对某院近4年的住院病案首页进行疾病分类,对住院病人的前10位死因进行顺位,分析前10位死亡病人人均费用的变化。结果近4年中收治病人数增加3.64%,病死率上升0.09个百分点,住院死亡病人人均费用增加11.78%;男性死亡人数明显高于女性死亡人数,60岁以上年龄组病人死亡人数最多。死因顺位中,循环系统疾病居第1位,恶性肿瘤疾病居第2位,呼吸系统疾病及损伤和中毒依次排在第3和第4位。结论加强循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤的防治,降低住院病人的病死率。     

Determinants of variation in the cost of inpatient stays versus outpatient visits in hospitals: a multi-country analysis

Information on hospital costs is key to many types of economic and financial analyses, yet many countries lack reliable estimates due partly to the time and resources required to undertake detailed costing studies. Accordingly, some analysts have used simple rules of thumb to estimate hospital unit costs, e.g., total hospital costs are allocated between departments assuming that the cost of an inpatient day equals a fixed number of outpatient visits. This paper first explores the extent to which these simple rules apply within and across countries. It then identifies determinants of variation in the relationship between the cost of outpatient visits and inpatient days, then uses the estimated relationship to calculate average costs of inpatient and outpatient stays for countries where data are not yet available. Cost information from 832 hospitals in 28 countries are used. We show that simple rules of thumb do not prove to be an accurate basis for cost estimates. The ratio of inpatient to outpatient unit costs varies with GDP per capita, hospital size, ownership, and occupancy rate. We show how the estimated relationship can be used to calculate a mean cost of inpatient stays and outpatient visits, taking into account differences in the levels of key determinants, and argue that, in the absence of a representative sample of hospital costing studies, this method can be used to estimate unit costs in the interim. Moreover, we suggest that the observed great variation in unit costs for similar hospitals in the same country means that this method might well be preferable to basing policy advice on the results of costing studies that cover only one, or a few hospitals, which might well be outliers.