可调节式单瓶胸腔闭式引流装置的研制与应用

<正>胸腔闭式引流装置在治疗脓胸、外伤性血胸、气胸、自发性气胸中应用广泛,其根据胸膜腔的生理特点设计,目的在于引流胸腔内的积液、积气,促进肺复张。此装置由引流连接管和水封瓶组成。通常引流连接管采用外径约0.8cm的透明塑料管。水封瓶一般分为单瓶、双瓶、三瓶式。我科单瓶式闭式引流装置较常用,在胸腔闭式引流临床护理中,很多情况下需要夹闭引流管。在引流术中,若过快排气或排液,病人可出现呼吸浅快、剧     

可调节式单瓶胸腔闭式引流装置的研制与应用

胸腔闭式引流装置在治疗脓胸、外伤性血胸、气胸、自发性气胸中应用广泛,其根据胸膜腔的生理特点设计,目的在于引流胸腔内的积液、积气,促进肺复张。此装置由引流连接管和水封瓶组成。通常引流连接管采用外径约0.8 cm 的透明塑料管。水封瓶一般分为单瓶、双瓶、三瓶式。我科单瓶式闭式引流装置较常用,在胸腔闭式引流临床护理中,很多情况下需要夹闭引流管。在引流术中,若过快排气或排液,病人可出现呼吸浅快、剧烈咳嗽、口唇发绀等急性肺水肿症状。通过将普通引流连接管改装成可调节式引流管后即可克服现有技术存在的问题。     

微创胸腔闭式引流的临床应用与护理

目的探讨深静脉导管留置行胸腔闭式引流在胸腔积液治疗中的应用价值及有关护理要点。方法以30例不同病因的胸腔积液患者为研究对象,所有患者均应用深静脉导管留置行胸腔闭式引流,并对整个的护理过程进行总结。结果所有患者均一次置管成功,在精心仔细的护理后,经4～14d置管胸液引流彻底,病情得到缓解。结论深静脉导管留置行胸腔闭式引流与常规胸穿放液或使用水封瓶胸腔闭式引流相比是一种安全、可靠、损伤小的方法,具有可行性、安全性,值得临床推广应用。术斤加强引流管的护理、引流液的观察、穿刺点的保护,保持引流管固定通畅,防止感染,是保证置管引流成功,促进患者康复的重要措施。     

沙培林治疗自发性气胸伴肺功能不全的护理

自发性气胸是常见疾病,常用的治疗方法有胸腔穿刺抽气、胸腔闭式引流、胸膜黏连术、胸腔镜技术以及外科手术治疗,但对肺功能差,不能耐受麻醉的患者只能通过胸腔闭式引流或傲水封瓶持续负压吸引及胸腔内注入黏连物质治疗,促使胸膜黏连,消除胸膜腔。     

自发性气胸行套管针胸腔闭式引流术68例治疗

自发性气胸患者最基本的治疗方法之一是行胸腔闭式引流术.采用金属套管针手术操作简单易行,在护理过程中对引流管、引流瓶的护理是重点内容,加强对引流管的护理,强调＂密闭、无菌、通畅、固定＂的原则,对引流瓶强调＂直立低位、液面高度、定期更换＂等事项.加强对患者病情和引流状况等进行细致的观察与护理,确保胸腔闭式引流的安全、有效,减少并发症,使患者早日康复.     

中心静脉导管持续胸腔引流并注药治疗恶性胸腔积液的护理

回顾性总结60例恶性胸腔积液患者采用中心静脉导管穿刺引流胸腔积液并注药治疗的护理体会,包括术前护理与准备、术中配合和术后护理。认为做好术前心理护理与准备、术中密切配合、术后积液引流和注药时的病情观察、保持导管通畅及预防穿刺部位感染是保证患者顺利完成治疗的关键。     

中心静脉导管置管闭式引流治疗胸腔积液的观察与护理

【目的】探讨中心静脉导管置管闭式引流治疗胸腔积液的护理措施及注意事项。【方法】对48例良、恶性胸腔积液患者应用一次性中心静脉导管置入胸膜腔闭式引流,术前做好个体化的心理护理和健康教育,术中密切观察患者的反应,术后加强引流管的护理,引流液的观察,穿刺点的保护,保持引流管固定通畅,防止感染。【结果】48例患者均1次穿刺成功,引流效果好,无一例并发症。【结论】密切观察、良好的专业护理是保证置管引流成功,促进患者康复的重要措施。     

胸腔闭式引流管防折巧固定

胸腔闭式引流是治疗气胸、胸腔积液的常用方法,是将1根硅胶软管置于胸膜腔内,连接引流管,再与密闭式引流装置(水封瓶)连接。其目的是引流胸膜腔内的积气、积液,保证胸膜腔内负压。因胸腔引流管质地较软,在临床工作中,常会发生水封与引流管连接口处打折、扭曲,导致引流不畅,存在     

硅管胸腔闭式引流治疗胸腔积液66例护理体会

目的探讨胸腔内置管闭式引流治疗胸腔积液护理的措施及注意事项。方法对66例良、恶性胸腔积液患者应用硅管插管闭式引流术前后的护理过程进行总结。结果66例均1次穿刺成功。12例结核性胸腔积液,引流时间为2~5 d,54例癌性胸腔积液,引流时间为2~7 d,无1例发生肺、胸壁、脏器和组织的损伤,亦无出血、感染、气胸、复张性肺水肿、皮下气肿等并发症。结论术前做好患者的心理护理,术后加强引流管的护理、引流液的观察、穿刺点的保护,保持引流管固定通畅,防止感染,是保证置管引流成功,促进患者康复的重要措施。     

上腹部术后并发胸腔积液的早期治疗

目的：探讨上腹部术后并发胸腔积液的治疗方案。方法：回顾性收集上腹部术后并发胸腔积液患者17例，均经胸部平片证实胸腔积液。其中9例行胸腔穿刺治疗，8例行胸腔闭式引流术。结果：行胸腔闭式引流术组患者胸水引流充分，合并症少且疗程明显小于胸腔穿刺组患者。结论：上腹部术后并发胸腔积液的患者应早期行胸腔闭式引流术。     

Microsatellite analysis of pleural supernatants could increase sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology

Pleural effusions may result from various inflammatory, hemodynamic, or neoplastic conditions. A common diagnostic problem lies in distinguishing malignant from benign pleural effusions using routine cytological evaluation. We studied pleural fluid samples obtained from 14 patients with histologically confirmed malignancy and from 6 patients with benign pleural effusions using 12 microsatellite markers from 8 different chromosomal regions. Supernatants and cellular sediments of all 20 pleural fluid samples were analyzed. Routine cytological examination was 100% specific for malignancy but was only 57% sensitive. Microsatellite analyses of pleural fluid supernatants showed genetic alterations in tumor patients only. However, 50% of pleural effusions that were considered negative for malignancy by routine cytological analysis showed either loss of heterozygosity or microsatellite instability. The sensitivity of pleural fluid examination rose to 79% when routine cytological assessment was supplemented by molecular studies. Our data suggest that microsatellite analysis increases the sensitivity of cytological pleural fluid examination in assessing potential malignancy and that combining cytological and molecular methods may improve yield and certainty in diagnostically challenging cases.     

Repeatability of pleural adenosine deaminase measurements in diagnostic evaluation of pleural effusions

Background

A follow‐up thoracentesis is proposed in suspected atypical tuberculosis cases. The study aimed to define the variability of pleural ADA values across repeated thoracenteses in different types of pleural effusions (PEs) and to evaluate whether ADA variance, in regard to the cutoff value of 40 U/L, affected final diagnosis.

Methods

A total of 131 patients with PEs of various etiologies underwent three repeated thoracenteses. ADA values were subsequently estimated.

Results

82% and 55% of patients had greater than 10% and 20% deviation from the highest ADA value, respectively. From those patients who had a variance of 20%, 36% had only increasing ADA values, while 19% had only decreasing values. Considering the cutoff value of 40 U/L, only in two cases, ADA decreased below this threshold, which concerned a man with tuberculous pleurisy and a woman with lymphoma both in the course of treatment. Furthermore, only in two cases with rising values, ADA finally exceeded the cutoff limit, which concerned a man with rheumatoid pleurisy and a man with tuberculous pleurisy. Surprisingly, malignant PEs (MPEs) showed a higher percentage of increasing values compared to all other exudates that did not, however, exceed the threshold.

Conclusion

The determination of pleural ADA levels is a reproducible method for rapid tuberculosis diagnosis. The detected measurement deviations do not appear to affect final diagnosis. In specific situations, repeated ADA measurements may be valuable in directing further diagnostic evaluation. More investigation is needed to elucidate the possible prognostic significance of the increasing trend in ADA values in MPEs.