多层螺旋CT诊断IVU未充分显影的上尿路梗阻性病变

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT在IVU未充分显影的上尿路梗阻性疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法 应用多层螺旋CT对52例经超声检查提示但IVU检查未能充分显影且血肌酐正常的上尿路梗阻性病变患者行平扫加增强检查.结果 52例多层螺旋CT诊断为肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻16例、肾结核8例、输尿管结石10例、输尿管良性狭窄6例、输尿管癌4例、输尿管外压迫6例、巨输尿管2例.10例结石性上尿路梗阻中,输尿管镜证实8例,开放手术证实2例.42例非结石性上尿路梗阻中,2例诊断为腹膜后淋巴结转移癌压迫输尿管者,仅行输尿管内双J管植入术,未获得病理证实;2例诊断为前列腺癌侵及输尿管末段者,由前列腺穿刺活检证实;其余38例均行开放手术经病理证实.52例中有50例得到手术病理证实.结论 对IVU未能充分显影且血肌酐正常的上尿路梗阻患者,多层螺旋CT平扫加增强在判断梗阻原因方面有重要价值.     

多层螺旋CT泌尿系成像在上尿路梗阻诊断中的应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT泌尿系成像（MSCTU）在上尿路梗阻性疾病中的诊断价值。方法 对17例经B超或IVU检查显示上尿路梗阻患者行螺旋CT扫描，并行3D重建，将诊断结果与手术结果进行对照。结果 MSCTU诊断输尿管结核4例，肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄6例。输尿管末端狭窄2例，输尿管阴性结石3例。输尿管肿瘤1例，腔静脉后输尿管1例，均显示出梗阻部位及尿路扩张的形态。手术结果与MSCTU诊断相符。结论 SCTU是一种安全有效的非侵袭性的影像学检查方法，特别对患肾功能严重受损的上尿路梗阻性疾病患者具有特殊诊断价值。     

螺旋CT尿路三维重建诊断上尿路梗阻性病变(附37例报告)

目的　探讨螺旋CT尿路三维重建技术在上尿路梗阻性疾病诊断中的应用价值。　方法　对 37例上尿路梗阻患者进行螺旋CT薄层扫描和尿路三维重建 ,必要时行CT血管造影。　结果　 37例均获明确诊断 ,其中输尿管癌 8例 ,膀胱癌 2例 ,输尿管结石 9例 ,输尿管良性狭窄 7例 ,先天异常 7例 ,盆腔肿瘤 4例 ,除盆腔肿瘤外均行手术治疗证实诊断 ,术中所见与螺旋CT扫描结果一致。　结论　螺旋CT尿路三维重建具有三维成像、分辨率高、检查时间短、侵袭性小等优点 ,可能成为诊断上尿路梗阻性病变最有价值的检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术在输尿管梗阻诊断的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT三维重建成像技术对输尿管梗阻诊断的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析临床输尿管梗阻病变30例临床资料,所有病例均行螺旋CT增强扫描。扫描图像减薄,层厚2.5mm,层间距2.5mm。所有数据传入工作站进行三维重建,并对重建后输尿管图像与CT轴位平扫图像及X线平片对比分析。结果:三维重建泌尿系图像清晰显示输尿管空间结构。结论:多层螺旋CT三维重建技术获得的图像能以最优形式清晰、立体地显示输尿管解剖结构及空间位置关系,对诊断输尿管梗阻原因具有重要价值。     

多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影在输尿管梗阻性疾病诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影(MSCTU)在输尿管梗阻性疾病诊断中的应用.方法:取输尿管梗阻病例40例,行多层螺旋CT扫描,将原始数据三维重建后进行尿路成像,并与X线平片、B超、IVU检查结果进行对比分析.结果:MSCTU诊断输尿管结石1 7例、肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄8例、输尿管中段狭窄6例,输尿管末端囊肿4例、输尿管肿瘤1例、腔静脉后输尿管2例、输尿管迷走血管压迫狭窄1例,输尿管畸形1例.结论:MSCTU是一种无创伤且安全有效的非侵袭性影像学检查方法,对输尿管梗阻性疾病的诊断有着重要的临床应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影在复杂性上尿路梗阻性疾病中的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT泌尿系造影(MSCTU)在复杂性上尿路梗阻性疾病中的诊断价值.方法 206例泌尿系B超诊断上尿路积水但其他传统影像学检查未能明确梗阻位置及病因的患者,利用MSCT进行全尿路平扫和增强延迟扫描,扫描方法 通过螺旋CT工作站(Alatoview)进行图像后处理,包括多平面重建(MPR)、最大强度投影(MIP)、表面遮盖显示(SSD)、CT仿真内窥镜(CTVE)等方法 ,结合临床资料、手术中所见及术后病理检查方法 进行回顾性分析.方法 206例均获得立体、直观的泌尿系全程图像,清晰地显示出上尿路梗阻部位、积水程度、病变性质及病变部位与周围结构的关系.其中193例行手术治疗,术中所见与MSCTU显示的影像相符,诊断正确率98.4%.结论 MSCTU是目前诊断复杂性上尿路梗阻性疾病最佳的检查方法 .     

上尿路梗阻多层螺旋CT三维尿路成像的临床研究

上尿路梗阻在临床上较为常见，以往诊断主要依赖B超、排泄性尿路造影（IVU）、逆行肾盂输尿管造影（GRP）、普通CT、MR等检查，但随着CT技术的不断进步，CT尿路成像技术对上尿路梗阻性疾病的诊断具有重要的临床价值。我们自2002年2月采用多层螺旋CT三维尿路成像（MSCTU）检查上尿路梗阻性疾病89例进行分析，探讨其在上尿路梗阻中的诊断价值。[第一段]     

螺旋CT在输尿管结石诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT在输尿管结石诊断中的应用价值。方法:对51例临床可疑输尿管结石而常规B超、KUB、IVU等检查未确诊者,均未口服造影剂直接螺旋CT平扫,5例平扫后静注76%泛影葡胺60ml,延迟10～15s增强扫描,11例将获得的容积图像行输尿管多平面重建。结果:平扫确诊45例,可疑结石6例,其中5例经增强CT延迟扫描确诊,另1例经输尿管重建确诊。11例输尿管多平面重建成像均清楚地显示输尿管全程,同时显示结石大小、形态、位置和输尿管梗阻扩张程度及范围。结论:螺旋CT除直接显示高密度结石及其部位和大小外,还可显示输尿管梗阻扩张程度等继发征象,增强CT延迟扫描有助于鉴别腹膜后其他高密度影,输尿管多平面重建可获得良好的输尿管成像,弥补轴位图像不足,对输尿管结石诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗均有重要的临床应用价值。     

多层螺旋CT在输尿管结核性梗阻诊断中的应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)在输尿管结核性梗阻诊断中的作用。方法对2例IVU检查发现肾积水输尿管不显影及RGP插管受阻的患者行MSCT扫描，并行3D重建，将诊断结果与手术结果对照。结果MSCT能明确输尿管梗阻的部位和性质。手术结果证实MSCT诊断正确。结论MSCT能对输尿管结核梗阻作出明确诊断，是一种有效的无创检查手段。     

多层螺旋CT扫描结合三维重建对原发性输尿管癌诊断价值(附11例报告)

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT扫描结合三维重建对原发输尿管癌的诊断价值。方法:收集经手术病理证实的原发输尿管癌患者11例。所有患者常规行全尿路CT平扫及增强扫描,延迟8～120分钟行多次全尿路扫描,薄层重建数据应用AW4.3软件进行MPR、CPR、MIP及VR重建及三维成像,CPR选取动脉期、MIP及VR选取延迟期效果较好。结果:CT全部检出病灶。平扫显示病灶为输尿管腔内软组织肿块、管壁增厚及不同程度的扩张积水,增强扫描动、静脉期可见病灶呈不同程度强化。MPR从不同角度显示病变本身及病变与周围组织器官的关系。CPR通过动脉期重建对输尿管完整显示使病变整体形态范围变得更清晰。MIP、VR在延迟期能立体多方位显示输尿管充盈情况、局部梗阻形态等。结论:多层螺旋CT扫描结合三维重建基本上对原发输尿管癌做出正确诊断,提高小病灶检出率,为临床手术治疗提供可靠的信息,是很好的影像学检查方法。     

计算机断层扫描螺旋尿路成像与仿真内窥镜技术的临床应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT尿路成像（SCTU）与CTVE）的检查方法、成像技术以及在泌尿外科疾病中的应用价值,提高诊断水平。方法 应用螺旋CT对46例泌尿系统疾病患者（包括肾肿瘤2例,肾盂旁囊肿2例,输尿管结石6例,输尿管狭窄4例,输尿管肿瘤2例,重复肾重复输尿管畸形1例,膀胱肿瘤28例,膀胱子宫内膜异位症1例）行容积扫描,所得数据在工作站利用软件进行后处理,获得泌尿系立体图像;并对6例输尿管疾病、29例膀胱疾病患者进行了CT仿真内窥镜（CTVE）成像。所有图像均与B超、静脉尿路造影、逆行肾盂造影、常规CT扫描、膀胱镜检查等比较。并将术中所见或病理结果作为诊断的金标准。结果 所有患者均取得了高质量的泌尿系图像,除1例膀胱肿瘤（肿瘤直径为4mm）漏诊外,其余患者均得到了明确诊断,并与手术或病理结果相符合。结论 SCTU与CTVE是较可靠的非侵入性检查手段,具有一定的优越性,可作为泌尿系常规检查方法的有益补充。     

Contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography in patients with chronic obstructive uropathy and normal serum creatinine: a single session for anatomical and functional assessment

PURPOSE: We evaluated contrast enhanced spiral computerized tomography (CT) as a single session for the anatomical and functional assessment of patients with chronic obstructive uropathy and normal serum creatinine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 65 patients with unilateral or bilateral chronic renal obstruction and normal serum creatinine. Five patients had bilateral obstruction and the remaining 60 had unilateral obstruction and a normal contralateral kidney. Therefore, the total number of renal units was 130, that is 70 obstructed and 60 normal. All patients underwent contrast enhanced spiral CT together with excretory urography (IVP) and Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renal scan. CT was used to identify the cause of obstruction and selectively determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of the 2 kidneys. The diagnostic accuracy of CT for identifying the cause of hydronephrosis was compared with that of IVP. Moreover, a correlation was made between CT GFR and isotope GFR. RESULTS: Obstruction was caused by ureteropelvic junction narrowing in 25 cases, ureteral stones in 21, ureteral stricture in 20 and extrinsic ureteral obstruction in 4. Contrast enhanced spiral CT identified the cause of hydronephrosis in all obstructed kidneys (100% sensitivity), while IVP identified the cause in 52 (74% sensitivity), which was a significant difference (p <0.05). CT and IVP excluded obstruction in all normal kidneys (100% specificity). A comparison between the isotope GFR of obstructed kidneys with the corresponding CT GFR showed a perfect correlation (r = 0.78, p <0.0001). Moreover, a similar comparison between isotope GFR and CT GFR of normal kidneys showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.73, p <0.0001). In obstructed and normal kidneys mean isotope clearance was not significantly different from that of mean CT clearance. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast enhanced spiral CT is more sensitive than IVP for identifying the cause of chronic obstructive uropathy. Moreover, it is as accurate as radioisotope renal scan for calculating the total and separate kidney function. We recommend spiral CT with contrast medium as a single radiological diagnostic modality for the assessment of patients with chronic renal obstruction and normal serum creatinine.     

输尿管肾镜术处理上尿路血尿

目的　提高上尿路血尿的诊治水平。　方法　血尿病例 12 1例 ,经B超、KUB加IVU、CT及膀胱镜检查怀疑为上尿路来源 ,行输尿管肾镜进一步明确诊断并采取相应治疗措施。　结果　输尿管肾镜术对上尿路血尿的诊断率为 92 % (111/ 12 1) ,诊断输尿管中下段小结石 4 5例 ;肾盂输尿管肿瘤 32例 ,其中 <10mm者 3例 ;肾出血性疾病 19例 ;输尿管息肉 15例。 19例肾出血性疾病和 10例未发现明确病灶者治疗后随访 6个月～ 8年 ,长期成功率 79% (2 3/ 2 9)。　结论　应用输尿管肾镜术诊断和处理上尿路血尿效果良好 ,值得推广。     

64层螺旋CT尿路造影在上尿路疾病中的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT尿路造影(64层MSCTU)在上尿路疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法:对121例上尿路疾病患者进行64层螺旋CT平扫及多时相CT增强扫描,并对轴位图像进行多种后处理.所有病例均经临床及手术证实.结果:121例中,上尿路结石61例,肿瘤24例,先天畸形15例,炎症14例,输尿管损伤1例,外源性病变累及泌尿系统6例.结论:64层MSCTU在上尿路疾病诊断中具有很高的应用价值.     

16层螺旋CT三维重建技术在泌尿系病变诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨16层螺旋CT三维重建技术在泌尿系病变增强延时扫描时的应用价值.方法 28例泌尿系病变病例行16层螺旋CT平扫、双期增强扫描以及延时尿路造影扫描,利用后处理技术对延时扫描资料进行三维重建处理,可以得到包括肾盏、肾盂、输尿管及膀胱在内的完整尿路三维成像.结果 16层螺旋CT延时尿路造影清晰显示了泌尿系的解剖结构,以及病变和尿路之间的空间关系.28例患者中,诊断肾盂输尿管重复畸形5例,肾位置异常2例,巨输尿管2例,腔静脉后输尿管3例,泌尿系结石8例,肾输尿管肿瘤8例,肿瘤病例均经手术病理证实.CT诊断与临床诊断符合率100%.结论 16层螺旋CT增强延时尿路造影扫描,对显示泌尿系病变部位、病因和尿路梗阻的程度具有高速、后处理快捷、安全可靠的特点,可提供高分辨尿路图像,可作为诊断泌尿系疾病的一种新型无创伤影像学方法.     

多层面螺旋CT泌尿系成像的临床应用价值

目的：探讨多层面螺旋CT泌尿系成像(MSCTU)对泌尿系疾病的诊断价值。方法：对以肾绞痛、IVU不显影或血尿为主诉的64例行CT平扫、肾脏增强双期扫描及尿路造影，将资料传至工作站，采用最大强度投影、多平面重建及容积重建等后处理技术，重建泌尿系图像。结果：64例肾盂和膀胱全部显示(100％)，输尿管全程显示者64例(110侧)。其中泌尿系结石16例(25％)；非结石病变48例(75％)，对上尿路梗阻原因诊断正确率100％，并可充分而直观地显示病变立体形态及其与周围组织的关系。结论：MSCTU重建图像清晰，对泌尿系肿瘤、结石或其他上尿路梗阻性疾病有着独特的临床应用价值。     

Assessment of obstruction in adult ureterocele by means of color Doppler duplex sonography

AIM: The purpose of this study is to present a method for identifying a ureteral obstruction in unilateral orthotopic ureterocele by means of conventional sonography and color Doppler duplex sonography. We focus on the measurement of the ureterocele dimensions, the degree of dilation it causes to the ipsilateral upper urinary tract, the registration of urine out-flow from the ureteral orifice into the bladder and its spectral analysis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Over 2 years at our institutions, 8 adult patients (7 women, 1 man) were diagnosed as having a single system orthotopic ureterocele. Four of them presented with lumbar pain, dysuria and recurrent urinary tract infections, while the remainder were asymptomatic and diagnosed accidentally. The diagnosis was based on serial sonography of the upper and lower urinary tract confirmed by intravenous pyelography and cystoscopy. We also performed color Doppler duplex sonographic evaluation of the urine jets ejected from both ureteral orifices into the bladder. Using the flow spectral study we analyzed the waveforms and measured their duration and flow rate. The study was completed with a comparative analysis of the data obtained from both ureteral orifices. RESULTS: Cystic dilation of the lower ureteric extremity into the bladder was presented in all cases. Upper urinary tract dilation, of various grades, was present in 4 of 8 patients. Differences in urine jets between those derived from the ureterocele and those from the healthy contralateral ureteral orifice were significant in those patients with dilation of the upper urinary tract. The differences concerned mainly the frequency and symmetry of the jets as well as the pattern, duration and velocity of their waves. The 4 above-mentioned patients, with dilated upper urinary tracts and waveforms differentiated from the contralateral ones, were characterized as obstructive. On the other hand, the remaining 4 patients with subclinical ureterocele showed insignificant differences in urine jets and waveforms, and were found to be non-obstructive. CONCLUSION: Conventional sonography of the urinary tract in combination with color Doppler duplex sonography of the ureteral jets can be used in an attempt to diagnose and evaluate a unilateral orthotopic (single system) ureterocele and assess the necessity of intervention to identify the obstruction.     

Is antibiotic prophylaxis necessary in infants with obstructive hydronephrosis?

PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between the level of obstruction of the upper urinary tract and the risk and onset of urinary tract infection in infants with severe obstructive hydronephrosis to determine the need for antibiotic prophylaxis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 105 patients were prenatally diagnosed with severe hydronephrosis (Society for Fetal Urology grade III or IV) due to upper urinary tract obstruction between 1994 and 2004. Of these patients 75 had ureteropelvic junction obstruction and 30 had lower ureteral obstruction. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical course and incidence of urinary tract infection during the first 12 months postnatally without antibiotic prophylaxis. RESULTS: The incidence of overall urinary tract infection during followup was 36.2% (38 of 105 patients), and it demonstrated a higher trend with lower ureteral obstruction than with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (50% vs 30.7%, p=0.063). Most cases of urinary tract infection (92.8%) occurred before age 6 months, with a mean age at onset of 2.6 months. Of 105 patients 77 (73.3%) underwent corrective surgery at a mean age of 3.8 months. The incidence of urinary tract infection before surgical correction was 33.8% at a mean age of 2.1 months. The incidence of urinary tract infection in surgical cases was significantly higher with lower ureteral obstruction than with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (54.2% vs 24.5%, p=0.011). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary tract infection in infants with severe obstructive hydronephrosis has a high incidence, occurs before age 6 months and is more common with lower ureteral obstruction than with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. These findings indicate that infants with severe hydronephrosis due to obstruction of the upper urinary tract should receive antibiotic prophylaxis.