X线钼靶摄影与超声诊断乳腺微钙化灶的对比研究

目的：比较X线钼靶摄影与超声在乳腺微钙化灶诊断中的价值。方法：收集伴随微钙化灶（经X线钼靶摄影确诊）的乳腺良性、恶性疾病患者117例,分析超声对乳腺微钙化的检出率;比较X线钼靶摄影与超声检查对乳腺微钙化灶病例诊断的敏感性、特异性及准确性。结果：乳腺微钙化的超声检出率为66.7%,其中乳腺恶性病灶的微钙化超声检出率为87.5%,乳腺良性病变的微钙化灶超声检出率为33.3%,超声诊断乳腺微钙化灶病例的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为69.4%、86.7%和76.1%,X线钼靶摄影分别为75.0%、73.3%、74.3%,两者联合应用为90.2%、91.1%、90.5%。结论：X线钼靶摄影与超声相比,前者具有较高的敏感性,后者具有较高的特异性,而两者联合应用可提高对乳腺微钙化灶病例诊断的准确率,对于乳腺癌的早期诊断具有较高的临床实用价值。     

超声、 超声造影和X线钼靶联合诊断在早期乳腺癌中的应用

目的:探讨超声、超声造影、X线钼靶及三者联合应用对早期乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:收集行超声、超声造影、X线钼靶及三者联合诊断的156例乳腺癌和260例乳腺良性病变患者的病例资料,统计分析超声、超声造影、X线钼靶3种检查方法单独及联合使用对早期乳腺癌诊断率的差异.结果:超声单独诊断早期乳腺癌敏感度、特异度、假阳性率、假阴性...     

乳腺癌钼靶X线摄片误诊11例

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，在我国占恶性肿瘤的7％-10％，早期诊断和治疗是改善预后的关键，钼靶X线摄影是目前最基本的乳腺影像检查方法。在我院2004年10月至2007年10月以乳腺肿块就诊的187例患者中，选择了经手术病理证实为乳腺癌，术前钼靶X线检查误诊11例，约占5．88％，结合临床和病例资料分析如下。     

彩色多普勒超声和钼靶诊断乳腺癌的临床对比分析

目的:探讨钼靶及彩色多普勒诊断乳腺癌的临床价值.方法:选择我院就诊的60例乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,分别进行钼靶及彩色多普勒诊断.结果:钼靶诊断符合率为93.3％,彩色多普勒诊断符合率为100％,两组相比无显著差异.结论:钼靶及彩色多普勒诊断乳腺癌都有比较高的价值,推荐临床联合使用.     

联合应用钼靶、超声诊断128例早期乳腺癌的结果分析

目的 探讨联合应用钼靶和超声在早期乳腺癌诊断中的意义.方法 128例女性乳腺肿物患者均经手术治疗并经病理学证实,且术前均行钼靶和超声检查.结果 联合应用钼靶和超声检查诊断乳腺癌各项指标优于单独应用.结论 联合应用钼靶和超声能明显提高乳腺癌的诊断阳性率.     

全数字化乳腺钼靶X线摄影联合CA153对乳腺癌诊断价值分析

目的:通过乳腺疾病的全数字化乳腺X线摄影(full-field digitalmammography,FFDM)的影像表现及对血清CA153联合检测,探讨二者对乳腺癌的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析62例有术后病理的乳腺疾病患者的临床资料,根据全数字化乳腺钼靶X线表现和血清CA153检测结果对乳腺癌诊断价值进行分析.结果:全数字化乳腺钼靶X线诊断乳腺癌的敏感度和特异度分别为81.3％和73.3％,血清CA153对乳腺癌的敏感度和特异度分别为43.8％、93.3％,两项联合检测与单独检测相比敏感度有明显提高.结论:全数字化乳腺钼靶X线摄影联合血清CA153检测有助于乳腺癌的诊断.     

超声弹性成像及钼靶X线诊断乳腺疾病价值对比研究

目的 探讨超声弹性成像及钼靶X线诊断乳腺疾病的价值。方法 2009年3月至2010年8月,山东省滨州市邹平计划生育妇幼保健服务中心对65例女性病人共72个病灶术前行超声弹性成像及钼靶X线检查,以手术病理为诊断标准,对比分析两者诊断乳腺疾病的准确性。结果 病理诊断良性53个病灶,恶性19个病灶。超声弹性成像诊断乳腺恶性病变的灵敏度、特异度和约登指数分别为84.2%、96.2%、0.804。钼靶X线诊断乳腺恶性病变的灵敏度、特异度和约登指数分别为68.4%、92.4%、0.608。结论 超声弹性成像诊断乳腺病变的准确性高于钼靶X线,两者结合可提高乳腺恶性病变诊断的准确性。     

三阴乳腺癌的钼靶钙化及临床病理特征分析

目的：探讨三阴乳腺癌的钼靶钙化情况及临床病理特征。 方法：收集2008年1月—2012年12月间,手术治疗的乳腺癌患者共212例,其中三阴乳腺癌36例,非三阴乳腺癌176例,对比分析其发病年龄、病理分期、组织学分级、腋窝淋巴结转移数目及钼靶钙化情况的差异。 结果：36例三阴乳腺癌及176例非三阴乳腺癌患者中,年龄≤35者（13.89% vs. 3.41%）、病理分期为Ⅲ期者占（41.67% vs. 23.30%）、低分化者占（36.11% vs. 18.75%）、腋窝淋巴结转移≥4枚者（36.11% vs. 18.75%）、钼靶有钙化者（36.11% vs. 55.68%）均有统计学差异（P<0.05）。 结论：三阴乳腺癌具有发病年龄早、分期晚、组织学分级高、腋窝淋巴结转移数目多的特点,同时,三阴乳腺癌患者钼靶钙化发生率低。

     

超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺小结节病灶诊断价值对比分析

目的:探讨超声联合钼靶X线对乳腺小结节病灶诊断价值.方法:32例女性乳腺癌患者均行手术并经病理学证实,采用彩色超声检查和铝靶X线检查对乳腺肿块进行诊断与鉴别诊断.结果:钼靶和超声的总体敏感性分别为71.9%,87.5%,超声诊断的敏感性明显好于钼靶X线诊断(P<0.05);同时两种方法联合使敏感性达96.9%,而漏诊率降低至3.1%.结论:乳腺超声成像和钼靶X线摄影联合应用可提高对乳腺小结节病灶诊断的敏感性,值得临床推广.     

数字化钼靶X线与彩超应用BI-RADS分级诊断乳腺癌的价值比较

目的：通过对彩超与钼靶X线应用BI-RADS分级在乳腺癌诊断上的比较并分析其优缺点,以探讨结合二者应用于临床上诊断乳腺癌的价值。方法通过分析我院手术与病理结果证实的82例乳腺癌患者的钼靶X线和彩超影像表现及其BI-RADS分级,两者检查结果与病理检查结果对照。结果诊断率比较中彩超组（a）为87.80%,钼靶X线组（b）为75.60%,两者联合组（c）为95.24%,差异组间比较Pa：b=0.237,Pa：c=0.014,Pb：c=0.017;恶性诊断率彩超组为66.66%,钼靶X线组为73.33%,两者联合组为86.66%,差异组间比较Pa：b=0.164,Pa：c=0.003,Pb：c=0.001;BI-RADS等级比较中联合应用组2~3级与4级诊断率高于彩超组及钼靶X线组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论两者联合应用可相互补充,对BI-RADS分级具有很高的灵敏度,将两者联合应用于临床可以提高乳腺癌患者的诊断率。     

中国乳腺X线筛查项目中联合应用超声检查的价值

目的：评估在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声检查在乳腺筛查中的价值。方法：选取复旦大学附属肿瘤医院通过乳腺筛查项目筛查出,并在初筛时同时行乳腺X线摄片和超声检查的40岁以上女性乳腺癌病人。分析单用乳腺X线摄片、单用超声和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声在检出恶性病例时的诊断灵敏度,并进一步分析单用乳腺X线摄片和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度与年龄及腺体致密度间的关系。结果：筛查发现并符合入组标准的乳腺癌病例共42例,单用乳腺X线摄片、单用超声和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度分别为81.0%、64.3%、95.2%,单用乳腺X线摄片和在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多量型和致密型乳腺,在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声的诊断灵敏度比单用乳腺X线摄片高,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但在年轻女性（50岁以下）中,没有发现差异（P〉0.05）。结论：乳腺X线摄片诊断灵敏度高于乳腺超声检查,在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声可提高乳腺筛查的诊断灵敏度,在乳腺X线摄片基础上联合应用超声推荐用于腺体密度较高的乳腺筛查。     

Normal mammography and ultrasonography in the setting of palpable breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Each year thousands of women present to general surgeons with palpable breast masses, some of which are clinically ambiguous and the majority of which are benign. In addition, surgeons are frequently faced with the question of whether to biopsy those palpable abnormalities in the setting of normal radiographic studies. One might propose that such lesions could be safely observed rather than immediately biopsied. If these lesions were not biopsied, how many cancers would escape detection? To address this issue, a population of patients with known, palpable breast cancer was retrospectively examined to determine the frequency of normal or benign findings on both mammography and ultrasonography. METHODS: Between January 1998 and December 2001, 351 women with breast carcinoma presented initially with palpable tumors. The medical records of these remaining 351 cases were retrospectively reviewed to examine the radiographic characteristics of the palpable carcinomas. RESULTS: Of the 351 cases in the study group, 13 (3.7%) patients with palpable breast cancers had mammogram and sonogram examinations that were both normal, benign, or nonspecific in appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that nearly 4% of women with breast cancer who present with palpable lumps will have normal or benign findings on both mammography and ultrasonography. These data support prior studies of similar false negative rates and may provide some reassurance to surgeons and patients regarding clinical breast lumps, as the decision of whether to biopsy still rests in the surgeon's hands. However, inappropriate reliance on these tests for an evaluation of a palpable abnormality will result in a number of missed tumors.     

Stratification of palpable and nonpalpable breast cancer by method of detection and age

Background: Methods used to diagnose breast cancer in women under the age of 50 years are somewhat controversial. To determine the relationship between type and stage of breast cancer, clinical presentation, and age, we reviewed breast cancer diagnosed at our institution during a recent 3-year period. Methods: Records from 589 consecutive excisional biopsies and 372 needle placement biopsies performed over a 3-year period were reviewed. Carcinomas were staged according to the TNM system and results compared usingx ². Results: Breast carcinoma was diagnosed in 118 women during the study period, 33% in patients under 50 years of age. Breast cancer diagnosed by mammography in all age groups was more likely to be noninvasive than that diagnosed by physical examination (p<0.05). The few invasive cancers diagnosed by mammography in women under age 50 were lower in stage than those diagnosed by physical examination, although not by a statistically significant amount (p=0.125). Breast cancer diagnosed by mammography in women 50 years and older was significantly lower in stage than that diagnosed by physical examination (p<0.05). Conclusions: Invasive carcinoma detected as a nonpalpable lesion by mammography was earlier in stage than invasive carcinoma detected by physical examination, including in women under 50 years of age, although the number of invasive cancers detected in younger women was quite small. The role of mammography in this younger age group remains to be defined. Disclaimer: The viewpoints expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Navy or Department of Defense.     

乳腺钼靶X线摄影和B超筛查资料分析

目的探讨乳腺钼靶X线摄影和超声检查两种方法对乳腺癌筛查的价值,以寻找适宜的乳腺癌筛查方法。方法对本地35~69岁经初筛后387名可疑乳腺异常的妇女,行乳腺钼靶X线摄影,有异常或不能评估者再用超声检查,超声检查阳性或可疑者行穿刺活检以确定乳腺癌诊断。结果 387例中,腺体成分在5 0%以上者占83.22%,经X线摄影发现有22例阳性,2 2例阳性经B超检查亦为阳性,75例不能评估。75例不能评估者B超检查有3例阳性。行穿刺活检25例,确诊乳腺癌17例,其中2例已达III期以上。钼靶X线发现乳腺癌的敏感性为72.73%,B超为6 8.0%,差异无统计学意义(P0.0 5)。结论本地筛查妇女乳腺大部分为腺体致密型。X线摄影在致密型乳腺的乳腺癌筛查中未呈现出比超声检查的优越性。     

Reduction in advanced breast cancer after introduction of a mammography screening program in Tyrol/Austria

BackgroundWe analysed all female breast cancer (BC) cases in Tyrol/Austria regarding the shift in cancer characteristics, especially the shift in advanced BC, for the group exposed to screening as compared to the group unexposed to screening.MethodsThe analysis was based on all BC cases diagnosed in women aged 40–69 years, resident in Tyrol, and diagnosed between 2009 and 2013. The data were linked to the Tyrolean mammography screening programme database to classify BC cases as “exposed to screening” or “unexposed to screening”. Age-adjusted relative risks (RR) were estimated by relating the exposed to the unexposed group.ResultsIn a total of about 145,000 women aged 40–69 years living in Tyrol during the study period, 1475 invasive BC cases were registered. We estimated an age-adjusted relative risk (RR) for tumour size ≥ 21 mm of 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60 to 0.86), for metastatic BC of 0.27 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.46) and for advanced BC of 0.83 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.96), each comparing those exposed to those unexposed to screening, respectively.ConclusionIn our population-based registry analysis we observed that participation in the mammography screening programme in Tyrol is associated with a 28% decrease in risk for BC cases with tumour size ≥ 21 mm and a 17% decrease in risk for advanced BC. We therefore expect the Tyrolean mammography programme to show a reduction in BC mortality.     

超声与钼靶摄片对乳腺癌早期诊断的意义

目的： 评估超声与钼靶摄片检查在乳腺癌早期诊断中的作用,以提高乳腺癌的早期筛查效率。 方法：收集乳腺癌早期诊断的女性患者528例临床资料,其中经B超查出隐匿性乳腺癌132例,经钼靶摄片查出乳癌病灶396例。比较两种检查方式获得初步诊断的乳腺癌患者的临床与影像学特征、手术方式与组织病理学特征、分子生物学标志物与分型的差异。 结果：两者比较显示,绝经前、年青、汉族（相对维吾尔族）女性及致密乳房组织和影像学BI-RADS 4级的乳腺癌超声检查较钼靶摄片更易检出（均P<0.05）;超声检查较钼靶摄片检出的患者更多实行保乳手术,且淋巴结转移阳性率较低,更易发现单发、直径≤1 cm、分化较好的乳腺癌及早期阶段的浸润性乳腺癌（均P<0.05）;超声检查对ER（+）、luminal A乳腺癌检出率高,而钼靶摄片对Her-2（+）、Her-2型乳腺癌检出率高（均P<0.05）。 结论：超声检查较钼钯摄片更容易发现致密乳房组织中的侵袭性与恶性程度较低的早期癌灶,对于检出不同分子分型的早期乳腺癌两者各有优势。故联合应用更利于乳腺癌患者早期筛查。     

Systematic review of 3D mammography for breast cancer screening

This review investigated the relative performance of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) (alone or with full field digital mammography (FFDM) or synthetic digital mammography) compared with FFDM alone for detecting breast cancer lesions in asymptomatic women. A systematic review was carried out according to systematic reviewing principles provided in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. A protocol was developed a priori. The review was registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42014013949). Searches were undertaken in October 2014. Following selection, five studies were eligible. Higher cancer detection rates were observed when comparing DBT + FFDM with FFDM in two European studies: the summary difference per 1000 screens was 2.43 (95% CI: 1.8 to 3.1). Both European studies found lower false positive rates for individual readers. One found a lower recall rate based on conditional recall. The second study was not designed to compare post-arbitration recall rates between FFDM and DBT + FFDM. One European study presented data on interval cancer rates; sensitivity and specificity for DBT + FFDM were both higher compared to FFDM. One large multicentre US study showed a higher cancer detection rate for DBT + FFDM, while two smaller US studies did not find statistically significant differences. Reductions in recall and false positive rates were observed in the US studies in favour of DBT + FFDM. In comparison to FFDM, DBT, as an adjunct to FFDM, has a higher cancer detection rate, increasing the effectiveness of breast cancer screening. Additional benefits of DBT may also include reduced recalls and, consequently, reduced costs and distress caused to women who would have been recalled.     

Breast ultrasound in 22,131 asymptomatic women with negative mammography

PurposeTo evaluate increment cancer detection rate generated by ultrasound (US).Materials and methodsUS only detected cancers were assessed for 22,131 self-referring asymptomatic women with negative mammography and subgroups by age, previous cancer, breast density. Invasive assessment and surgical biopsy rate were evaluated.ResultsThe overall US detection was 1.85 per thousand (41/22,131). In the subgroups it was: 1.95 per thousand (22/11,274) in women <50 years vs 1.75 per thousand (19/10,857) in women ≥50 years (p = 0.42), 5.49 per thousand (12/2183) in women with previous cancer vs 1.45 per thousand (29/19,948) in women without cancer history (p = 0.0004), 2.21 per thousand (22/9960) in dense breasts (p = 0.17) vs 1.56 per thousand (19/12,171) in fatty breasts. The US generated invasive assessment was 1.9% (422/22,131). The benign to malignant open surgical biopsy ratio was 0.17 (7/41).ConclusionAdding US to negative mammography allowed for substantial incremental cancer detection rate (1.85 per thousand), particularly at age <50years, in women with previous breast cancer and in dense breasts.     

Intraoperative ultrasound facilitates surgery for early breast cancer

Background Mammogram-directed wire localization for nonpalpable cancer requires surgeon’s time and coordination and some patient discomfort. Up to half of these nonpalpable lesions can be visualized by ultrasound. Use of intraoperative ultrasound streamlines the process of image-guided surgery. Methods We prospectively visualized 69 nonpalpable breast cancers between January 1998 and July 2001. Ultrasound localization was performed in the operating room immediately before definitive surgery. Breast cancers were localized using either blue dye or a guide wire. Results Ultrasound correctly localized all lesions at surgery. Negative margins for invasive carcinoma were found in 97% (67 of 69) of patients. Re-excisions were performed in only 6% (4 of 69) of patients. Overall negative margins were found in 90% (62 of 69) of patients. Most positive margins (71%) were due to the presence of noncalcified ductal carcinoma in situ. Mastectomy was necessary in 4% of patients, usually due to multifocal invasive carcinoma. Conclusions Increased familiarity with ultrasound has allowed the surgeon to localize breast cancer in the operating room, improving the process of image-guided surgery. Ultrasound localization is accurate, time efficient, technically feasible, and easier for the patient. The re-excision rate is very low and is similar to that for mammographic localization. Intraoperative ultrasound localization should be considered whenever a breast cancer needs image-guided excision.     

Clustered microcalcifications of intermediate concern detected on digital mammography: ultrasound assessment

To report our experience with targeted-ultrasound in assessing 142 cases with clustered microcalcifications of intermediate concern detected on digital mammography. All cases had histopathologically-proven microcalcifications within the biopsied or surgical specimens. There were 30%[43/142] breast cancers and 70%[99/142] benign lesions. Only 26%[37/142] of clustered microcalcifications were identified on targeted-ultrasound and other findings including negative study (n = 33), anechoic ducts or cysts (n = 70), dilated ducts with echogenic content (n = 13) and hypoechoic nodules (n = 26). There was no statistical difference of the frequency of negative ultrasound between benign and malignant microcalcifications (P = 0.071). However, only 7.1%[5/70] cases with anechoic ducts or cysts were proven to be breast cancer. The frequencies of depiction of dilated ducts with echogenic foci or hypoechoic nodules were significantly higher for malignant microcalcifications (P < 0.001). Ultrasound was significantly more sensitive for the identification of malignant cases but biopsy of clustered microcalcifications is still warranted when targeted-ultrasound revealed negative findings.