2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的关系

目的观察糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度的相关性，并探讨其临床意义。方法2型糖尿病患者98例（T2DM组），糖尿病合并颈动脉内膜中层增厚患者（T2DM＋IMT组）55例，正常对照组64例，分别测定空腹血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白，并统计微量白蛋白尿的阳性例数及阳性率。结果T2DM组、T2DM＋IMT组空腹血糖、血脂、尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性率高于正常对照组（P〈0．05），T2DM＋1MT组尿微量白蛋白水平及阳性率高于单纯T2DM组（P〈0．05），尿微量白蛋白水平与颈动脉内膜中层厚度呈正相关（r=0．22，P〈0．05）。结论T2DM患者尿微量白蛋白与颈动脉内膜中层厚度密切相关。     

H型高血压与老年糖尿病性脑梗死的关系研究

目的 探讨H型高血压与老年糖尿病性脑梗死的关系及意义.方法 选取老年患者282例,比较T2DM组、糖尿病性脑梗死(DCI)组、单纯脑梗死(CI)组与NC组血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及H型高血压发生率的差异.结果 血清Hcy在DCI组高于CI组、T2DM组及NC组(P＜0.05).DCI组H型高血压发生率高于CI组及T2DM组(78.43％ vs 68.97％ vs 42.83％),比较差异有统计学意义(x2=9.73、13.94,P＜0.01).Logistic回归分析显示,H型高血压可能为DCI的危险因素(OR=3.86,P＜0.05).结论 H型高血压在DCI的发生发展中起重要作用.     

2型糖尿病患者脂联素与尿微量白蛋白的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂联素(APN)、尿微量白蛋白(MAU)含量及其之间的关系.方法 118例T2DM患者据MAU分为尿微量白蛋白增高组(50例)和尿微量白蛋白正常组(68例).另选同期健康人群70名为正常对照组.行静脉血APN水平、MAU等临床指标的测定,并进行相关性分析.结果 血清APN、MAU水平3组组间比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).T2DM组血清APN水平与体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、MAU、餐后2h血糖(2 hPBG)呈负相关(P＜0.05).MAU水平与血清APN呈负相关(P＜0.05),与BMI、SBP、FBG、TC、TG、HbA1c、2 h PBG呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病患者APN与MAU有密切的关系.     

老年2型糖尿病合并脑梗死血糖、血压、血脂水平的分析

为探讨老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并脑梗死患者血糖、血压、血脂水平的异常变化,就我院近2年来收治的48例老年T2DM合并脑梗死病例与50例老年T2DM无合并脑梗死病例分析如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2004年1月至2006年1月我院收治48例老年T2DM合并脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)。男31例,女17例,年龄63~81岁,平均年龄(72.23±5.70)岁,其中糖尿病病程1月至15年。T2DM均符合1999年WHO糖尿病诊断标准,脑梗死诊断依据是临床症状和体征,并经头颅CT检查证实。将同期收住院50例老年T2DM无脑梗死的患者设为对照组,其中男27例,女23例,年龄65~84岁,平均(73.…     

老年2型糖尿病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白与糖尿病肾病相关性分析

目的 分析老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)与糖尿病肾病(DN)的相关性及临床意义.方法 72例老年T2DM患者根据尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)分为:正常白蛋白尿组(A组)30例,微量白蛋白尿组(B组)22例,临床白蛋白尿组(C组)20例;另设健康对照组(D组)30例.采用免疫透射比浊法测定各组血清hsCRP浓度,比较T2DM各组与对照组的hsCRP水平.结果 T2DM各组血清hsCRP水平较对照组明显升高,且随UAER的增高而升高.结论 hsCRP为DN的发病危险因素之一,且随DN病程的进展,hsCRP水平逐渐升高.     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝与骨密度的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)与骨密度(BMD)的相关性。方法筛选T2DM患者119例,依据B超结果分为2组:T2DM组(62例),T2DM合并NAFLD组(57例)。测定正位腰椎2-4(L2-4)、左侧股骨颈、Ward's三角、大粗隆及左前臂骨密度,行肝脏彩超及血糖、血脂、空腹C肽、肝肾功能、尿微量白蛋白检测,测量身高、体重等。结果 T2DM合并NAFLD组患者体重指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、空腹C肽、谷氨酰转酞酶、尿酸、尿微量蛋白均高于T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05);左股骨颈、Ward's三角和左前臂骨密度值低于T2DM组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。T2DM合并NAFLD与年龄、病程、左侧股骨和左前臂骨密度呈负相关(均P0.05),与体重指数、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、空腹C肽、尿微量蛋白呈正相关。左侧股骨颈骨密度值与年龄、病程、血糖、糖化血红蛋白A1C、总胆固醇呈负相关(均P0.05),与体重指数、高密度脂蛋白、肌酐呈正相关(P0.05)。体重指数、三酰甘油、尿酸与NAFLD独立相关(P0.05)。结论 T2DM合并NAFLD患者骨密度水平低于单纯2型糖尿病患者,二者有相关性。体重指数、空腹C肽、血脂是影响T2DM合并NAFLD患者骨密度水平的因素。     

老年糖尿病肾病与下肢血管病变的相关性

目的 研究老年糖尿病肾病与下肢血管病变的相关性.方法 选取2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者274例,回顾性分析所有患者性别、年龄、糖尿病(DM)病程、DM家族史、冠心病史、高血压史、周围神经病变、视网膜病史、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及体重质数(BMI)等一般临床资料及空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2 h PG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、肌酐(Cr)和尿微量白蛋白等临床辅助检查资料.结果 DM下肢血管病变与DM病程、DM家族史、冠心病史、高血压史、FPG、2 h PG、HbA1c及尿微量白蛋白正相关(r≥0.286,P＜0.05),与HDL-C负相关(r=-0.153,P＜0.05);与T2 DM组比较,糖尿病肾病(DN)组患者年龄、DM病程、DM及冠心病家族史比例、视网膜病史比例、SBP、BMI、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、TC、TG、Cr及微量白蛋白均有相关性(P＜0.05),其发生下肢血管病变的危险性是DN患者的3.15倍.结论 DM病程、DM家族史、冠心病史、高血压史、FPG、2hPG、HbA1c、HDL-C及尿微量白蛋白是DN患者发生下肢血管病变的独立危险因子.     

高尿酸血症对老年2型糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗和尿蛋白水平的影响

目的分析高尿酸血症(HUA)对老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者胰岛素抵抗和尿蛋白水平的影响。方法 238例老年T2DM患者根据是否合并HUA分为HUA组(95例)和非HUA组(143例)。对比两组血糖、血脂、肾功能、血压、胰岛素抵抗、尿蛋白(PRO)指标。结果 HUA组体重指数(BMI)、血尿酸(BUA)、三酰甘油(TG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、PRO、尿微量白蛋白(ALB)水平及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、HOMA-β显著高于非HUA组,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于非HUA组(P0.05)。直线相关分析显示,老年T2DM患者BUA水平与ALB、FINS水平和HOMA-IR、HOMA-β呈正相关(均P0.05)。结论合并HUA的老年T2DM患者表现为更加显著的肥胖、血脂代谢异常、肾损害和胰岛素抵抗,BUA水平与这些病理变化的程度具有相关性,较高的BUA水平可能促进了T2DM病情进展和并发症发生。     

2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与血清甲状腺激素的相关性研究

选取2型糖尿病患者105例,分为糖尿病微量蛋白尿组及糖尿病正常蛋白尿组,设对照组30例,检测血清游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、促甲状腺素(TSH)、甲状腺素(T4)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、尿微量白蛋白等指标,分析2型糖尿病患者尿微量白蛋白与血清甲状腺激素之间的相关性。结果三组之间FT3、T3、尿微量白蛋、HbA1c的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),进一步两两比较,DM微量白蛋白尿组的FT3、T3显著低于DM正常蛋白尿组及对照组,尿微量白蛋白、HbA1c显著高于DM正常蛋白尿组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);尿微量白蛋白、FT3与病程有关,随病程的延长,尿微量白蛋白逐渐升高,FT3则逐渐降低,尿微量白蛋白与FT3呈负相关,相关系数为-0.496(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病伴有微量白蛋白尿患者会出现FT3、T3降低,尿微量白蛋白与FT3呈负相关,检测这两项指标对诊断、治疗及评估预后有重要意义。     

新诊断老年2型糖尿病患者血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白水平及意义

目的观察新诊断老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血清脂肪细胞型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)水平的变化及意义。方法通过比较72例新诊断T2DM患者与30例健康体检者(正常对照组)血糖、血脂、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)及A-FABP等方面的差异,并分析A-FABP与血糖、血脂、HOMA-IR、HOMA-β的相关性。结果老年T2DM组体重指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后血糖(PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、HOMA-IR和A-FABP显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而HOMA-β和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于正常对照组(P<0.05),Pearson相关分析显示T2DM患者血清A-FABP与Hb A1c、PPG、TC、TG以及HOMA-IR呈正相关。结论老年T2DM患者血清A-FABP水平升高与胰岛素敏感性下降、糖脂代谢紊乱加重密切相关。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.