龙津降纤酶治疗内听动脉梗塞的疗效分析

内听动脉又叫迷路动脉 ,自基底动脉发出 (亦有从小脑下前动脉发出 ) ,此动脉细长 ,伴随面神经和前庭、蜗神经进入内耳门 ,供应内耳迷路。闭塞性病变时常导致内耳缺血 ,引起眩晕 ,恶心 ,呕吐 ,平衡障碍和听力减退等症。内听动脉梗塞的眩晕病人在神经科急诊中较多见。近年来我们应用龙津降纤酶治疗此病 ,见效快 ,疗效好 ,现报道如下。1　资料与方法1 1　病例选择　本组病人的诊断依据是 :①中老年人 ,急性发病。②头晕 ,视物旋转或晃动 ,伴恶心、呕吐及平衡障碍。③除外耳源性眩晕及脑干、小脑病变。④头颅ＣＴ检查未见梗死灶。本组 6 2例急诊…     

动脉内溶栓联合支架取栓治疗急性脑动脉闭塞临床疗效观察

选取2015年3月~2016年3月我院收治的20例急性脑动脉闭塞患者。将随机分为实验组和对照组各10例。对照组患者给予血管内机械性治疗,实验组患者给予动脉内溶栓联合支架取栓治疗。比较两组患者血管再通情况、NIHSS得分情况及并发症发生情况。两组患者血管再通情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前及治疗后NIHSS得分情况组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前及治疗后NIHSS得分情况组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。实验组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。动脉内溶栓联合支架取栓治疗急性脑动脉闭塞可迅速改善患者血流状况,临床效果显著,并发症少,值得进行推广。     

球囊血管成形治疗膝下动脉闭塞的临床疗效

目的观察球囊血管成形术治疗膝下动脉闭塞性病变的临床疗效。方法选择2007年1月至2009年12月期间收治的38例以膝下动脉闭塞为主的患者,采用球囊血管成形治疗。结果本组病例技术成功34例,成功率为89.5%;术后1个月间歇性跛行距离由(90±42)m增加到(353±145)m,下肢皮温由(27.8±0.5)℃增加到(33.2±0.6)℃,踝/肱指数由0.51±0.05增加到0.70±0.06,三项指标与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后优于术前。平均随访19个月,18例患者症状缓解后无加重;6例术后3个月症状再发,10例术后12个月症状再发,均行二次手术症状缓解。结论球囊血管成形术治疗膝下动脉硬化闭塞性疾病操作简便可行,近期疗效确切。     

血管内介入治疗下肢动脉闭塞性病变的疗效

目的探讨血管内介入治疗下肢动脉闭塞性病变的临床效果。方法对27例下肢动脉闭塞性疾病的患者术前行下肢血管超声、CTA或MRA检查,患者下肢动脉有不同程度的狭窄与阻塞同时存在,细小动脉多有闭塞,27例43条下肢节段性狭窄动脉采用腔内血管成形术（PTA）,其中6例9条大血管腔内支架植入,术后3—6个月后行血管造影或血管超声检查随访。结果术后24例患者中32条患肢症状明显减轻或消失,足背动脉搏动良好。溃疡面治愈;2例3条血管复发再次行腔内血管成形术;1例2条血管患肢于血管成形术后在血管外科拉栓术后截肢。结论血管内介入治疗下肢动脉闭塞性病变具有微创、疗效高等优点,可作为临床治疗下肢动脉闭塞性疖变的首选。     

高压氧辅佐治疗内听动脉梗死32例

32例内听动脉梗死患者分为两组，高压氧组17例(20耳)采用高压氧配合药物治疗，并设单纯药物治疗组15例(18耳)作为对照。结果高压氧组有效16耳(16／20)，高于对照组10耳(10／18)。显示高压氧配合药物治疗内听动脉梗死可提高疗效。     

非急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗研究进展

基底动脉是后循环颅内动脉闭塞的最好发部位之一,基底动脉闭塞常伴有很高的致残率和致死率。一部分的急性基底动脉闭塞患者经过药物治疗,进入非急性期阶段,此阶段最佳治疗手段尚不明确。随着非急性颅外大动脉闭塞开通治疗的实践以及近年来介入技术及器械的发展,非急性基底动脉闭塞的血管内治疗成为焦点。现将其研究现状综述如下,以期促进对非急性基底动脉闭塞血管内治疗的认识。     

锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的血管内支架治疗

目的 探讨应用血管内支架治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病的临床疗效。方法 11例锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞的患者进行了血管内支架成形术治疗，分别置入国产内支架6枚，进口内支架5枚，进口血管内支架选用Wallstent、Memotherm及Symphony，国产血管内支架类似Wallstent。结果 11例患者中10例成功地完成了血管内支架成形术，其中5例患者中的6条病变血管中置入6枚国产血管内支架，5例患者中的5条病变血管中置入5枚进口血管内支架，病变血管开放获得满意，上肢脉搏血压恢复正常，1例锁骨下动脉闭塞的患者，因导丝穿破血管进入纵隔而放弃治疗。术后随访时间为6～39个月，其中1例置入血管内支架在5个月复查时出现再狭窄，经球囊扩张后16个月复查血管开放良好。结论 血管内支架可有效地治疗锁骨下动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病，有望成为最主要的治疗手段。     

右锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞的腔内治疗

目的:探讨腔内治疗右锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞的手术指征、特点和疗效。方法:选择2009年3月—2013年3月复旦大学附属中山医院诊治的右锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞患者21例,局麻下腔内治疗后1个月、3个月时门诊随访,此后每隔半年门诊随访,行踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)、彩超检查或CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)检查。结果:21例患者中右锁骨下动脉闭塞性病变7例,狭窄性病变14例。2例右锁骨下动脉闭塞患者因导丝无法通过闭塞段病变而仅行造影,其余19例均成功行腔内治疗,总成功率为90.5%。19例行腔内治疗的患者术后平均随访19.3个月,通畅率为89.5%(17/19),中度再狭窄率为10.5%(2/19),无支架断裂和打折,无病死病例。结论:右锁骨下动脉狭窄和闭塞有其特殊的解剖学特点,腔内治疗是一种有效的治疗方法。     

不同发病时间窗的急性基底动脉闭塞患者行血管内治疗的预后分析

目的 探讨地区级医院对不同发病时间窗急性基底动脉闭塞(ABAO)患者行血管内治疗的临床疗效、安全性以及可能影响其预后的相关因素.方法 回顾分析台州市中心医院2017年5月至2020年10月采用Solitaire或Trevo支架取栓治疗的17例ABAO患者的临床疗效.所有患者均采用取栓支架结合手动抽吸的方式行机械取栓,部...     

急性颈内动脉闭塞颅内循环的变化及临床意义

目的 分析急性颈内动脉闭塞后颅内血流动力学的变化及临床意义.方法 对68例经影像学检查证实急性单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞患者,采用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)检测颅内主要动脉的血流动力学变化.结果 患侧大脑中动脉峰值流速和搏动指数均显著低于健侧(P<0.001).在侧支循环开放中,前交通动脉开放占48.53%(33/68),后交通动脉开放为42.65%(29/68),眼动脉参与的侧支循环占32.35%(22/68),无交通支开放14.71%(10/68).患者颅内侧支循环开放,侧支途径两支以上者、患侧大脑中动脉峰值流速>60 cm/s者,临床预后相对较好.结论 TCD检测颅内主要动脉的血流状况,可以快速方便地评价颅内侧支循环状态,对急性颈内动脉闭塞患者治疗方法选择和预后判断具有重要的临床价值.     

利用ESSEN评分分层探讨颈内动脉闭塞患者的临床特点

目的观察颈内动脉闭塞(ICAO)患者临床特点,通过ESSEN评分分组后评价ICAO患者的临床生化指标、以及合并其他脑血管病变情况,为早期预防、协助诊断和治疗提供帮助。方法回顾性分析2005~2012年经头颈部CTA诊断的100例ICAO住院患者,收集入组者信息,完善常规化验,明确CTA显示的ICAO部位、对侧颈内动脉有无病变、有无合并椎基底动脉病变、以及有无合并颅内其他大动脉病变等。按ESSEN评分将入组患者分为Essen评分3分和Essen≥3分两组,统计两组间临床生化指标、合并椎基底和/或颅内其他大动脉病变情况有无差异。结果 ESSEN评分≥3分ICAO患者其血浆同型半胱氨酸水平显著高于ESSEN评分3分组(P0.05)。ESSEN评分≥3分的ICAO患者更容易合并椎基底动脉病变(61.67%vs.40.00%,P0.05);ESSEN评分≥3分的ICAO患者合并颅内大动脉病变的数量多于ESSEN评分3分组(P0.05);ESSEN评分≥3分的ICAO患者容易合并多支(2支或2支以上)颅内大动脉病变(67.80%vs.39.47%,P0.01)。结论 ESSEN评分≥3分的患者更易合并高同型半胱氨酸血症,且其更多合并椎基底动脉病变和多支(2支或2支以上)颅内大动脉病变。     

颈内和大脑中动脉梗死狭窄与闭塞的卒中解剖模式

目的研究单侧动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在MRI上的病灶模式.方法利用DSA定位MCA/ICA重度狭窄(≥70%)与闭塞,常规MRI-FLAIR序列研究MCA/ICA病变引起脑梗死的形态学表现.有潜在心源性栓子患者除外.结果105例患者(ICA 64例,MCA 41例)MRI上缺血病灶模式分为4种:区域梗死、皮质下梗死、边缘带梗死、弥散小梗死.MCA组中皮质下梗死的发生率较ICA组高(48.8% VS 21.9%;P＜0.05);ICA组中区域梗死的发生率较MCA组高(39.1% VS 4.9%,P＜0.05).结论动脉粥样硬化性MCA病变患者多见于皮质下梗死,而ICA病变患者多见于区域梗死.     

Primary balloon angioplasty for chronic occlusion of intracranial internal carotid artery: A case report

Chronic occlusion of large intracranial arteries is the main cause of ischemic stroke in China. Patients with symptomatic intracranial artery occlusion and hemodynamic impairment are at high risk of recurrent stroke. Chronic occlusion of the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery is a common type of intracranial artery occlusion. Medical management is regarded as the standard treatment for this disease. With the development of endovascular treatment, some patients with chronic cerebral artery occlusion have achieved satisfactory results with endovascular therapy. We reported a patient with symptomatic chronic occlusion of the ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery. Simple balloon angioplasty was performed, and the occluded ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery was successfully recanalized without perioperative complications. At 4 months follow-up, the internal carotid artery remained patent and perfusion of the right cerebral hemisphere improved dramatically. In addition, we briefly reviewed the relevant literature.     

Endovascular management of a collateral network aneurysm in a patient with spontaneous internal carotid artery occlusion

Spontaneous “non-moyamoya” arterial occlusion of the intracranial arteries is very unusual. Progressive occlusion of a major intracranial artery, independently from the etiology, can lead to the development of collateral arterial networks that supply blood flow to distal territories beyond the occlusion. These collateral arteries are typically small and conduct low flows, but the hemodynamic stress within them can lead to aneurysm formation within the collateral network. In this report we present a case of spontaneous internal carotid artery occlusion and collateral network aneurysm for the first time in the literature and discuss the main features of the etiology and endovascular treatment of this rare, challenging aneurysm.     

颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞MR脑灌注的MTT、TTP延迟表现

目的探讨单侧ICA/MCA狭窄与闭塞患者MR脑灌注的MTT和TTP表现.方法90例患者(ICA 62例、MCA 28例)行MR脑灌注检查,比较MTT和TTP灌注延迟体积,分析灌注延迟表现与病变动脉及其狭窄程度关系.结果90例患者MTT和TTP灌注延迟体积无显著性差异,延迟表现分三型:Ⅰ型仅累及MCA区,Ⅱ型仅累及分水岭区,Ⅲ型累及MCA和分水岭区.ICA患者Ⅲ型40例(65%),MCA患者Ⅰ型24例(86%).结论MTT、TTP能够敏感显示灌注损伤,对ICA/MCA重度狭窄或闭塞诊断、治疗及脑梗死发病机制研究有重要价值.     

Tissue plasminogen activator via cross-collateralization for tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion

Tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusion after carotid dissection predicts poor outcome after systemic thrombolysis. Current treatments include the use of endovascular carotid stenting, which carries with it a high risk of propagating further embolic events and worsening the dissection. New strategies for avoiding the aforementioned side-effects include recanalization using cross-collaterals for delivery of intra-lesional tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). We present two cases that provide further support for this novel approach. Both patients presented with a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale of 20, received intra-arterial tPA via cross-collateralization, and made full recoveries without the need for stenting.     

Ultrasound screening for internal carotid disease—I. The temporal artery occlusion test—Which periorbital artery?

Using continuous wave Doppler-shifted ultrasound and spectral analysis the response to the temporal artery occlusion test was compared when insonating the supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries of 203 internal carotid pathways. The test involved monitoring the periorbital artery whilst simultaneously compressing a single branch of the external carotid artery, the ipsilateral superficial temporal artery. In 41 instances carotid angiography demonstrated severe disease of the internal carotid artery, that is lesions of 75% or more reduction in lumen diameter. A positive response to the temporal artery occlusion test, when performed on the supraorbital artery, indicated severe disease with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 89%. When this test was performed on the supratrochlear artery a low sensitivity of 36% was obtained, although specificity was high at 96%.     

Hybrid surgery for symptomatic chronic complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery: A case report

Currently, there are antiplatelet drugs, extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) vascular bypass, carotid endarterectomy (CEA), endovascular intervention (EI), and other revascularization procedures for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO). In consulting the literature, we found that existing techniques for single treatments cannot achieve satisfactory results when there is a long segment occlusion with plaque attached to the intracranial segment and a short stump at the initial segment. We reported the case of a 50-year-old male patient with blurred vision, headache, and weakness in the right upper limb. After the exclusion of other neurological diseases, he was diagnosed with symptomatic CICAO; the occlusion segment was long and the stump was too short. We performed a novel hybrid surgery for the patient—a carotid endarterectomy combined with internal carotid artery stenting. After 6 months of follow-up, computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed that the left internal carotid artery was unobstructed, and the symptoms were relieved. A brief review of the literature is presented in addition to this report.