双袖带血压测量技术

本研究采用“双方程技术”，提出一种新的血压测量方法——双袖带血压测量法。结合双袖带波形判定出收缩压和舒张压是基于每个被测个体的特性，而非大量样本的统计结果，与波动法自动血压计相比，其测量准确性大大提高。本文还阐述了目前末见相关报道的有关双袖带波形的新特征。     

监护仪的血压袖带的改进

为保证测量血压的可靠性,血压袖带是比较关键部件之一。目前,通用的血压袖带经长期使用后。测量血压数据就不太可靠。为改进现有袖带结构上的缺点,设计一种性能可靠的监护仪血压袖带,改进了现有袖带的二种包扎方法,从而保证测量血压值的可靠性、准确性。     

监护仪血压参数准确性的讨论

本文介绍了血压的溯源、设计原理、引起测量值误差的原因，分析了监护仪血压测量的准确性问题，并提出相应策略。     

血压计袖带使用不当对动脉血压测值的影响

动脉血压是临床上收集病人资料过程中最常用的指标之一,其测量的准确性直接影响对病人病情的观察判断及处理,特别是对危重病人尤其重要。目前常用的仍是采用间接测量法测量肱动脉血压,其准确性受许多因素影响,其中有关血压计袖带使用不当(包括血压计袖带的宽窄、袖带绑扎的松紧、受试者前臂的粗细即胖瘦)对血压测定值的影响始终未引起医护工作者的重视,尤其是基层医护人员和年轻医护人员。其影响血压测值的现象和观点很少从理论上加以阐述。本文将从临床实际观察和压强的原理加以说明,以引起广大医护人员的重视。1 材料与方法1.1 受试对象 在中学生健康查体中,对100名身体及心理健     

监护仪的血压袖带的改进

对血压的监测是长时间进行的,对其测量数据要求连续性、可靠性,否则就失去监测的意义。不论用什么方法来测量血压,袖带是必不可少的配件。为保证测量血压的可靠性,血压袖带也是比较关键部件之一。目前,通用的血压袖带由于其设计思路不同,经长期使用后,测量血压数据就不太可靠,为解决这一问题,设计一种性能可靠的监护仪血压袖带,现已经获得专利,其专利号:ZL03261523.X。并申报扬州市科技进步奖。     

动态血压记录仪测量准确性的实验研究

本研究以公认测量血压比较准确的汞柱式血压计听诊为标准,通过比较英国ＯｘｆｏｒｄＭｅｄｉｌｏｇ动态血压监测记录仪测得的血压值,观察了该记录仪测量血压的准确性。在测量中以三通管将汞柱式血压计与英国Ｏｘｆｏｒｄ Ｍｅｄｉｌｏｇ动态血压监测记录仪相连,在记录仪测量血压的同时进行听诊。又在人为设计胆识箕测量准确性的状态下,进行了测量对比。结果表明,该记录仪准确交好,尤以测量收缩压更国准确。各状态下,仅在记录     

影响血压测量的相关因素探讨

目的探索影响血压测量的有关因素，为临床提供准确的科学依据。方法对血压测量部位、测量方式及受测者相关因素的调查分析，降低干预因素。结果间接血压测量的准确性受被测量者、测量者和仪器等多方面的影响。     

影响血压准确性的几种因素

介绍了血压的原理、不同的测量方法、采样原理、引起血压测量值误差的原因,分析了影响血压测量准确性的几种因素,并提出了相应策略.     

监护仪的应用与维修

<正>随着现代医学技术的发展,尤其是电子技术、计算机技术、数字信号处理技术的不断发展,使监护仪无论在结构上、测量技术上还是功能上都发生了很大的变化。它对病人的心率、呼吸率、心电波形、有创血压、无创血压、血氧饱和度、体温等重要生命体征的监护,为医师正确诊断并制定医疗方案提供了基本数据。     

设计门诊体检血压计的理论基础及总体结构

阐述了ＡＢＯＰ门诊体检血压计的设计思想和其基本构造及简单的测量过程。采用国际上先进的血压测试法———脉搏波法，在血压监护仪的基础上，加装一套固定测试者上臂的装置，编制了适于门诊体检血压测试仪的测试程序，测量结果送数码管显示，连同测量时间一并打印输出     

Comparison of the conical cuff and the standard rectangular cuffs

In this study the applicability of the conical cuff in the measurement of arterial blood pressure in the general population was investigated. A wide range of arm circumferences was used for non-invasive comparative measurements of brachial artery pressures, using the standard rectangular sphygmomanometer cuffs and a recently developed conical cuff. In previous studies the conical cuff proved to reflect arterial blood pressure more accurately in obese patients than the standard rectangular cuffs. With the conical cuff lower systolic and diastolic pressure readings were obtained than with the rectangular cuffs and this proved to be independent of arm circumference. The lower pressure results in obese individuals were probably related to the fact that the conical cuff generally was found to fit better on larger upper arms than the large rectangular cuff. We conclude that in all likelihood blood pressure is more accurately measured in obese people with the use of a conical cuff and therefore warrants further investigation.     

基于个体特征的无创血压监测仪的研制

传统的波动法血压无创测量技术由于利用了统计学原理，因此必然造成测量时的个体误差。本文介绍了一种基于个体特征的利用波动法的血压无创监测技术，该技术能有效避免传统波动法的缺点。实际实验表明，该技术对不同人体和不同的人体血压状态都能进行准确测量，对危重病人和全麻病人的监护具有很大的应用价值。     

Effect of lead on blood pressure in occupationally nonexposed men

To determine if low-level exposure to lead has an effect on arterial blood pressure, demographic and clinical data of a group of 507 males without any occupational exposure to lead were analyzed in a retrospective study. The following variables were included in the analysis: age, height, weight, nicotine consumption, alcohol intake, blood lead, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and erythrocyte count. The effects of the variables age, weight, height, alcohol intake, nicotine consumption, and blood lead on blood pressure were investigated by stepwise linear regression analysis. The diastolic as well as the systolic blood pressure was significantly influenced by Body Mass Index, age, and alcohol. A significant effect of lead could be found only for diastolic blood pressure. None of the possible interactions were significant enough to merit inclusion in the statistical model. Regarding the strength of the effects on diastolic blood pressure we find that lead ranks after age, weight. In conclusion, this study shows that lead has an effect on diastolic arterial blood pressure in a survey of a group of middle-aged, occupationally nonexposed men.     

自动血压计测量值一致性评估方法的应用

目的：通过对自动血压计和标准汞柱式血压计测量值的对照分析,探讨2种测量方法定量测量结果一致性评估方法在自动血压计测量准确性方面的应用。方法：采用组内相关系数评价重复测量的信度,利用Bland—Ahman分析方法评估自动血压计和标准汞柱式血压计测量值的一致性。同时,比较欧洲高血压协会（European Society of Hypertension,ESH）关于血压计评估国际标准的评测结果。结果：该次被测的自动血压计未通过ESH的评估方案。汞柱式血压计收缩压测量值的组内相关系数为0．937,舒张压为0．849;被测血压计收缩压测量值的组内相关系数为0．944,舒张压为0．929。收缩压测量值差值的95％一致性界限为-10.20～16．94mmHg（1mmHg=133．322Pa）．舒张压为-6．25～11．69mmHg。结论：正常状态下,Bland—Ahman分析和ESH评估方案的判断结果是相同的。     

具备血流参数检测功能的电子血压计的设计研究

目的:设计一种具有血流参数检测功能的电子血压计,不但可以测量人体的收缩压与舒张压,还可计算出人体的各项心血管血流参数。方法:将连接在气体压力传感器上的袖套裹于手腕处,对袖套充气加压,当袖套内的压力比收缩压高30mmHg时匀速放气,并利用示波法计算平均动脉压、收缩压和舒张压;再次给袖套充气至袖套内的压力为平均动脉压,保持压力不变,记录30s的脉搏波信号,通过脉搏波信号和测量出的血压值,计算人体的各项血流参数。结果:具备血流参数检测功能的电子血压计可以较为准确地测量出血压值,并可计算出人体外周血管阻力、心脏指数及心输出量等各项血流参数值。结论:利用具备血流参数检测功能的电子血压计在测量血压的过程中,同时也测量出人体的血流参数值,为疾病诊断提供更为可靠的依据,增添了电子血压计的功能,扩大了电子血压计的应用范围。     

2007年太原市城区部分中小学生血压水平调查

[目的]了解太原市城区中小学生血压水平及血压偏高情况,为早期预防高血压提供科学依据。[方法]2007年9～11月,对太原市城区3所中学、3所小学的10～18岁学生6924名进行血压、身高、体重、胸围、心率检查。[结果]调查男生3453人、女生3472人,男女生的收缩压、舒张压水平均随年龄增长逐渐增高。各年龄组收缩压水平男生均高于女生（P〈0．01）;舒张压水平除13岁组外（P〉0．05）,其余各年龄组男生均高于女生（P〈0．01）。血压偏高（收缩压或舒张压≥第95百分位以上）率,男生为5．65％,女生为1．56％（P〈0．01）,除10～12岁组外（P〉0．05）,其他2组男生大于女生（P〈0．01）。血压偏高率男生随年龄增长而增高（P〈0．01）;女生13～15岁组最高。不同年龄组的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。3个年龄组的收缩压、舒张压均与身高、体重、胸围呈正相关（P〈0．01）,与心率无相关（P〉0．05）。[结论]太原市城区中小学生的血压偏高率较低。     

Measuring blood pressure at the wrist: more comfortable for patients and more convenient for doctors?

OBJECTIVES: To compare the agreement between conventional measurement of blood pressure and measurements obtained using two automated devices; and to compare how comfortable each of the three methods of measurement were for patients. METHODS: Blood pressure measurements and patient comfort scores were recorded using three different devices in 125-surgery and 40-community patients. The devices used were a conventional aneroid sphygmomanometer, an automated device that measured blood pressure on the upper arm and an automated device that measured blood pressure at the wrist. In each patient, the difference between the conventional and automatic measurement was calculated. The limits of agreement of each device were then calculated as the mean difference +/-1.96 standard deviations. RESULTS: In surgery patients, the width of limits of agreement of wrist measurement were 20.0 mm Hg and 12.1 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively, compared with 26. 4 mm Hg and 27.7 mm Hg for automatic arm measurement. In community patients, the width of limits of agreement of wrist measurement were 11.6 mm Hg and 11.0 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively, compared with 19.5 mm Hg and 12.1 mm Hg for automatic arm measurement. Surgery patients also reported that wrist measurement of blood pressure was significantly more comfortable than either manual or automatic arm measurement (mean comfort scores 4.03 for automatic wrist and 2.13 for automatic arm measurement, Friedman's Test, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Blood pressure measurements taken using the wrist device agreed more closely with those obtained using a conventional aneroid sphygmomanometer than the arm device. The wrist device was also more comfortable for patients than two other methods of blood pressure measurement. Public Health (2000) 114, 165-168     

Blood pressure measurement in adults: large cuffs for all?

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim of the study was to determine whether a single size of cuff for adult blood pressure measurements is appropriate for general clinical practice. DESIGN--The study was a prospective survey of a sample of adult blood pressure measurements using two cuffs with different bladder sizes (12 X 23 cm and 15 X 33 cm) in a randomised design using a random zero sphygmomanometer. SETTING--Blood pressures were measured in a general practice and in a hospital outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS--The participants were 35-60 year old men and women invited to attend a blood pressure screening programme in the general practice (n = 170), and 35-74 year old patients attending a general medical outpatients (n = 72). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--The small cuff gave higher readings of systolic blood pressure than the large cuff (mean difference 4.4 mm Hg). The difference increased as systolic pressure increased but did not show a clear association with arm circumference. The small cuff also gave higher diastolic pressure readings (mean difference 3.0 mm Hg), but only when arm circumference exceeded 30 cm. The variability of the differences between readings from the two cuffs was wide, little affected by arm circumference, and was similar to the variability between measurements using the same cuff size. CONCLUSIONS--In terms of precision there is no basis for using two different cuff sizes unless it is physically difficult to obtain a reading with one or the other. Since readings with large cuffs are closer to intraarterial pressures in large arms, and the large cuff used here did not underestimate diastolic pressure in small arms, the large cuff alone could be recommended for general use.     

臂式电子血压计与汞柱式血压计测量结果对比观察

目的:为了探讨臂式电子血压计与汞柱式血压计血压测量结果的准确性,为临床血压测量提供指导。方法:从本院门诊患者中随机选取153例作为被测对象,分别对其采用臂式电子血压计和水银血压计进行血压测量,并分别将血压测量结果记为研究组和对照组,观察两组血压测量结果之间的差异。结果:研究组和对照组收缩压分别为(112.79±15.48)mmHg和(112.35±15.16)mmHg,组间差异不显著(P>0.05);研究组和对照组舒张压分别为(71.12±9.85)mmHg和(70.36±9.47)mmHg,组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:臂式电子血压计血压测量结果整体高于汞柱式血压计,但是两者之间差异不显著,由于臂式电子血压计测量操作更加简单方便,易于携带。