依达拉奉联合早期高压氧疗对急性缺血性卒中的疗效观察

目的 研究依达拉奉联合早期高压氧疗对急性缺血性卒中(ACI)患者的疗效观察.方法 120例急性脑梗死患者随机分为依达拉奉治疗组60例和常规治疗组60例(予常规抗血小板聚集、改善脑循环、营养脑细胞等治疗),依达拉奉治疗组在常规治疗的基础上予依达拉奉注射液及早期高压氧疗,治疗后7、14、28 d用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分量表(NIHSS)评分并进行疗效评定.结果 2组NIHSS评分在治疗前差异无统计学意义 (P＞0.05);2组NIHSS评分在治疗后均明显低于常规治疗组(P＜0.01).结论 依达拉奉联合早期高压氧疗治疗后NIHSS评分明显低于常规治疗组,疗效明显优于常规治疗对照组.     

依达拉奉治疗进展性缺血性脑卒中的临床观察及对其血清红细胞生成素水平的影响

目的 通过观察进展性缺血性脑卒中患者在使用自由基清除剂依达拉奉治疗后的临床疗效及血清红细胞生成素(EPO)水平的变化,探讨依达拉奉对进展性缺血性脑卒中的神经保护作用.方法 60例发病在12～48h,病情呈进行性加重的进展性缺血性脑卒中患者被随机分为依达拉奉组30例和常规治疗组30例,同时设正常对照组30例;依达拉奉组为常规治疗基础上加用依达拉奉静脉滴注10d;治疗前,治疗后3d、10d,应用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)对患者神经功能缺损状况进行标准评分,并用放免法检测患者的血清EPO水平.结果 治疗前依达拉奉组、常规治疗组的NIHSS评分和血清EPO水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),但依达拉奉组与常规治疗组相比无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后3d,依达拉奉组NIHSS评分开始降低,血清EPO水平开始升高,而常规治疗组NIHSS评分继续升高,血清EPO水平继续降低;治疗后10d,两组患者临床症状明显改善,NIHSS评分降低,血清EPO水平显著增高,两组相比有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论 依达拉奉能有效改善进展性缺血性脑卒中所致的神经功能障碍,升高患者血清EPO水平,提示依达拉奉能通过促进EPO释放发挥其自由基清除的神经保护作用.     

尤瑞克林与依达拉奉治疗急性颈内动脉系统缺血性卒中的临床对比研究

目的 以依达拉奉作对比,探讨尤瑞克林治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效及安全性。方法 将178例急性缺血性卒中患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组88例用尤瑞克林0.15PNA单位加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,每日1次,共14d为一疗程。对照组90例用依达拉奉30mg加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,每日2次共14d为一疗程。治疗前、治疗后14d进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS）评分,并监测C反应蛋白（C-reactive protein,C-RP）、神经元烯醇化酶（neuron-specificenolase,NSE）变化,治疗前、治疗后14d、治疗后90d行Barthel指数评分。结果 治疗组和对照组治疗前、后的NIHSS评分比较均有统计学差异（P＜0.01）;而两组间的比较无统计学差异（P=0.5867）。治疗组和对照组治疗后第14d的Barthel评分比较无明显差异,治疗后90d的Barthel指数评分出现差异,治疗组优于对照组（P=0.004）。治疗组和对照组治疗后的血清C-RP及NSE值较治疗前下降,差异具有统计学意义,而两组间的比较差异无统计学意义。结论 尤瑞克林治疗急性缺血性卒中,有效、安全,急性期疗效不亚于依达拉奉,而远期疗效优于依达拉奉。     

依达拉奉治疗中青年急性脑出血的临床疗效观察

目的观察依达拉奉治疗中青年急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法将156例急性脑出血中青年患者分为依达拉奉组和对照组,每组78例,两组患者均在发病24h内给予降颅压、调整血压及血糖等对症治疗。依达拉奉组在上述治疗的基础上,给予依达拉奉注射液(30mg),每日2次,共14d。两组分别于治疗前和治疗后第14天进行神经功能缺损评分和日常生活能力评分。神经功能缺损评分采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS),日常生活活动能力评分采用Barthel指数(BI)。结果依达拉奉组NIHSS评分和BI明显优于对照组(P0.05)。依达拉奉组有效率为84.6%,明显高于对照组的62.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论依达拉奉可以明显地改善急性脑出血中青年患者的神经功能损伤,提高患者日常生活活动能力。     

尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的临床对照研究

目的探讨尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效及安全性。方法将40例急性缺血脑卒中患者随机分为联合治疗组和对照组,联合治疗组:尤瑞克林针联合依达拉奉针静滴治疗;对照组:单用依达拉奉针静滴;疗程均为14d;治疗前、治疗后14d分别进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(theNational Institutes of Health Stroke Scale,NIHSS)评分,同时于治疗前、后第14及90d行日常生活活动能力量表(Activities of Daily Living Scale,ADL)评分。结果联合治疗组和对照组治疗前、治疗后14d NIHSS评分组内比较有明显差异(P<0.01),有效率分别为80%及75%,组间比较无差异(P>0.05)。联合治疗组和对照组治疗后第14d的ADL评分组间比较无差异(P>0.05),治疗后第90d的ADL评分组间比较有差异(P<0.01)。结论在缺血性脑卒中的治疗中尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉能有效、安全发挥疗效;其急性期疗效与单用依达拉奉比较无明显差异,但远期疗效及改善患者日常生活活动能力方面明显优于单用依达拉奉。     

依达拉奉早期应用于急性缺血性卒中的临床分析

目的 观察依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性卒中的疗效。方法 选择82例发病时间在6～72 h的急性缺血性卒中患者,随机分为治疗组42例,对照组40例。治疗组在基础治疗的基础上加用依达拉奉30mg加入0.9%氯化钠注射液100 ml静脉滴注,每天2次,连用14 d;对照组仅给予基础治疗和0.9%氯化钠注射液100ml 静脉滴注,每天2次,连用14 d。比较两组治疗前后的患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分和临床疗效。结果 治疗前两组临床神经功能缺损评分无明显差异（21.23±5.64分 vs 20.23±5.14分,P >0.05）。治疗14 d后,治疗组评分低于对照组（9.60±2.50 vs 12.10±2.21,P＝0.027）。治疗组临床疗效总有效率为92.8%,对照组为72.5%,差异有统计学意义（P＝0.016）。结论 依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性卒中有显著疗效。     

丁苯酞联合依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性脑卒中对细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨丁苯酞注射液联合依达拉奉对急性缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效及对细胞凋亡的影响。方法选择急性脑梗死患者136例,随机分为联合用药组和依达拉奉组,每组68例。依达拉奉组给予依达拉奉注射液治疗,联合用药组在依达拉奉组治疗的基础上加用丁苯酞,共治疗14 d。比较治疗前后NIHSS、ADL评分,测定细胞脂质过氧化水平及抗氧化酶活性及血清Bax、Bcl-2含量。结果联合用药组治疗后NIHSS评分低于依达拉奉组,ADL评分高于依达拉奉组,丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平低于依达拉奉组(P0.05);联合用药组治疗后血清Bax含量低于依达拉奉组,血清Bcl-2含量高于依达拉奉组(P0.05)。结论丁苯酞注射液联合依达拉奉治疗急性缺血性脑卒中,可减轻缺血再灌注过程中氧化应激反应及细胞凋亡,从而减轻脑缺血再灌注(I/R)所引起的脑损伤。     

尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性后循环脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉注射液治疗急性后循环脑梗死的疗效。方法将95例急性后循环脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组(尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉)45例和对照组(单用依达拉奉)40例,分别于入院时和治疗后14 d、28 d进行临床神经功能缺损程度(NIHSS)评分,治疗后90 d进行Barthel指数评分;分别在治疗前后测血液流变学并行经颅多普勒(TCD)检查。结果 2组治疗后14 d及28 d神经功能缺损评分均有明显改善,但治疗组与对照组的NIHSS、Barthel指数、血液流变学、TCD变化等比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉可增加急性后循环脑梗死患者的脑血流,改善微循环,并有助于急性后循环脑梗死患者的神经功能恢复。     

尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对炎症介质水平的影响

目的探讨尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果以及治疗前后的炎症介质水平。方法选取2011—2013年我院收治的急性脑梗死患者80例,随机分为2组,分别给予依达拉奉治疗与依达拉奉联合尤瑞克林治疗。结果治疗2周后观察组有效率显著高于对照组,2组治疗后NIHSS评分与血清CRP相比治疗前均明显改善,观察组改善更为显著。结论尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死效果良好,明显改善患者神经功能,降低血清CRP水平,改善预后。     

依达拉奉联合血栓通对急性脑梗死患者血流变学的影响

目的分析依达拉奉联合血栓通对急性脑梗死患者血流变学的影响,探讨其临床适用性。方法选择2013-05—2014-05于我院就诊的60例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为试验组30例和对照组30例,对照组采用血栓通治疗,试验组在对照组基础上联合依达拉奉进行治疗。观察2组治疗前后NIHSS评分、血脂水平和凝血指标、血液流变学指标的变化情况及治疗后临床疗效。结果治疗前2组NIHSS评分、血脂水平和凝血情况、血流变学相关指标水平比较无明显差异(P0.05),治疗后2组的NIHSS评分、血脂水平和凝血情况、血流变学相关指标水平均明显降低(P0.05),且试验组改善情况优于对照组(P0.05);试验组总有效率为93.33%(28/30),对照组为73.33%(22/30),差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.320 0,P=0.037 7)。2组治疗过程中未出现明显不良反应。结论依达拉奉联合血栓通治疗急性脑梗死安全有效,可有效改善患者的血脂和血流变,降低病情进展危险因素。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines from slices of hypothalamus of rats

The release of endogenous catecholamines from superfused slices of rat hypothalamus was studied under basal conditions and during release evoked by 40 mM K⁺. Catecholamines in superfusates, and in extracts of the tissue after stimulation, were isolated by column chromatography and quantitated by liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Norepinephrine (NE) was not consistently demonstrable in superfusate collected under basal conditions, but 40 mM K⁺ caused the release of from 2 to 4 ng/g of tissue per min. The addition of cocaine to the superfusate caused increases in basal and evoked release of NE. Epinephrine (E) could be measured in superfusates of slices from male but not female rats and then only when cocaine was added to the superfusate. Accordingly, the concentration of E in hypothalamus was greater in male rats than in female rats. Dopamine (DA) was not consistently measurable in the spontaneous overflow from slices either in the presence or absence of cocaine. K⁺-evoked release of DA could be demonstrated in slices from female rats. The addition of cocaine increased the evoked release of DA from slices from both sexes. Corticosterone, added to cocaine, had no effects on the efflux of any of the catecholamines. The experiments suggest that neuronal reuptake of all catecholamines is very efficient in the hypothalamus both under basal conditions and during evoked release.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

阿立哌唑对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的:比较阿立哌唑与利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法:60例精神分裂患者随机平分为两组各30例,分别给予阿立哌唑和利培酮治疗。疗程8周。用生活质量综合评定问卷-74(GQOLI-74)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效及不良反应。结果:阿立哌唑与利培酮均能显著提高精神分裂症患者生活质量,但阿立哌唑在改善GQOLI-74总分、躯体健康及社会功能维度优于利培酮。结论:阿立哌唑治疗有利于提高精神分裂症患者生活质量。